WTO環(huán)境規(guī)則的局限性與完善研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-12-17 06:55
【摘要】：與全球經(jīng)濟飛速發(fā)展接踵而至的是當今世界環(huán)境狀況的日益惡化，人類正面臨著前所未有的全球環(huán)境危機。面對這種危機，各國政府已經(jīng)開始通過國內(nèi)相關(guān)環(huán)境立法、簽訂多邊環(huán)境協(xié)定等方式做出積極的應(yīng)對，與此同時，WTO也對自身的貿(mào)易規(guī)則進行了相應(yīng)的調(diào)整，但由于其對環(huán)境問題的處理比較原則籠統(tǒng)，可行性不強，使得不同國家在對其有關(guān)環(huán)境條款進行援引適用時困難重重。本文正是基于這一角度出發(fā)，將WTO環(huán)境規(guī)則作為研究對象進行系統(tǒng)分析，為WTO環(huán)境規(guī)則的合理適用與完善、構(gòu)建WTO體制下較為完整的環(huán)境法律體系做出努力。 首先，本文以對WTO環(huán)境規(guī)則的研究為重點，在闡釋WTO環(huán)境規(guī)則有關(guān)國際法原理的基礎(chǔ)上，主要分析了其中的憲法性條款，一般例外條款，，特別法條款和技術(shù)標準條款內(nèi)容，綜合分析得出WTO環(huán)境規(guī)則在規(guī)定、適用及理念上的局限性。如WTO環(huán)境規(guī)則具有較強的概括性和原則性，涉及領(lǐng)域過窄，缺乏對發(fā)展中成員合理差別待遇理念等。其中，在對WTO環(huán)境規(guī)則的局限性進行分析時，注重對相關(guān)實例的探討，采用實證方法進行分析得出結(jié)論。 其次，對WTO環(huán)境規(guī)則的完善提出自己的觀點。即認為通過協(xié)商達成“與貿(mào)易有關(guān)的環(huán)境措施協(xié)議”（即TREMs協(xié)議）是解決環(huán)境貿(mào)易問題的最佳途徑，并對TREMs協(xié)定的基本原則、法律構(gòu)架等提出相關(guān)立法建議，同時關(guān)注TREMs協(xié)定對多邊環(huán)境協(xié)定與WTO環(huán)境規(guī)則的沖突之協(xié)調(diào)。 最后，指出我國關(guān)于WTO環(huán)境規(guī)則之完善應(yīng)持的立場及對策。即認為結(jié)合WTO相關(guān)環(huán)境制度對我國環(huán)境立法加以完善與創(chuàng)新，是實現(xiàn)我國經(jīng)濟可持續(xù)發(fā)展、協(xié)調(diào)環(huán)境與貿(mào)易關(guān)系的有效途徑。 本文創(chuàng)新之處在于，注重從低碳背景的角度將WTO環(huán)境規(guī)則的完善加以闡釋，對哥本哈根氣候變化大會及成果、坎昆氣候大會在全球氣候問題上的相關(guān)進展予以關(guān)注，并對其所取得的成果及有關(guān)安排進行理論思考。筆者相信關(guān)于這些問題的研究對推動WTO環(huán)境規(guī)則的完善、當今世界多邊貿(mào)易體制下環(huán)境與貿(mào)易關(guān)系的協(xié)調(diào)、促進二者間的相互支撐并順利實現(xiàn)經(jīng)濟貿(mào)易可持續(xù)發(fā)展，以及維護當今及未來全人類的共同利益都具有一定的現(xiàn)實意義和理論價值。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of the global economy, the environmental situation of the world is deteriorating day by day, and mankind is facing an unprecedented global environmental crisis. In the face of this crisis, the governments of various countries have already begun to make positive responses through domestic relevant environmental legislation and signing multilateral environmental agreements. At the same time, the WTO has also adjusted its own trade rules accordingly. However, due to the general principle and the low feasibility, it is difficult for different countries to invoke and apply the relevant environmental provisions. Based on this point of view, this paper makes a systematic analysis of WTO environmental rules as the object of study, and makes efforts for the rational application and improvement of WTO environmental rules and the construction of a relatively complete environmental legal system under the WTO system. First of all, this paper focuses on the study of WTO environmental rules, on the basis of explaining the relevant principles of international law of WTO environmental rules, mainly analyzes the constitutional provisions, general exception clauses, special law provisions and technical standard provisions. Comprehensive analysis of the WTO environmental rules in the provisions, application and concept of limitations. For example, the environmental rules of WTO have strong generality and principle, too narrow scope, and lack of the idea of reasonable differential treatment for developing members. During the analysis of the limitations of WTO environmental rules, the author pays attention to the discussion of relevant examples and draws a conclusion by empirical analysis. Secondly, the author puts forward his own point of view on the perfection of WTO environmental rules. That is, to reach the Agreement on Trade-Related Environmental measures (TREMs Agreement) through negotiation is the best way to solve the problem of environmental trade, and to put forward relevant legislative suggestions on the basic principles and legal framework of the TREMs Agreement. At the same time, attention is paid to the coordination of the TREMs agreement on the conflict between the multilateral environmental agreement and the WTO environmental rules. Finally, the author points out that our country should hold the position and countermeasure on the perfection of WTO environmental rules. That is to say, it is an effective way to realize the sustainable development of our economy and coordinate the relationship between environment and trade by perfecting and innovating our environmental legislation in combination with the relevant environmental system of WTO. The innovation of this paper is that it pays attention to the improvement of WTO environmental rules from the perspective of low-carbon background, and pays attention to the Copenhagen Climate change Conference and its achievements, and the related progress of Cancun Climate Conference on global climate issues. And to its achievements and related arrangements for theoretical thinking. The author believes that the research on these issues will promote the improvement of WTO environmental rules, the coordination of environment and trade relations under the multilateral trading system in the world, promote the mutual support between the two, and smoothly realize the sustainable development of economic and trade. And safeguarding the common interests of the present and future all mankind has certain practical significance and theoretical value.
【學位授予單位】：南京財經(jīng)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：D996.1
本文編號：2383840
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of the global economy, the environmental situation of the world is deteriorating day by day, and mankind is facing an unprecedented global environmental crisis. In the face of this crisis, the governments of various countries have already begun to make positive responses through domestic relevant environmental legislation and signing multilateral environmental agreements. At the same time, the WTO has also adjusted its own trade rules accordingly. However, due to the general principle and the low feasibility, it is difficult for different countries to invoke and apply the relevant environmental provisions. Based on this point of view, this paper makes a systematic analysis of WTO environmental rules as the object of study, and makes efforts for the rational application and improvement of WTO environmental rules and the construction of a relatively complete environmental legal system under the WTO system. First of all, this paper focuses on the study of WTO environmental rules, on the basis of explaining the relevant principles of international law of WTO environmental rules, mainly analyzes the constitutional provisions, general exception clauses, special law provisions and technical standard provisions. Comprehensive analysis of the WTO environmental rules in the provisions, application and concept of limitations. For example, the environmental rules of WTO have strong generality and principle, too narrow scope, and lack of the idea of reasonable differential treatment for developing members. During the analysis of the limitations of WTO environmental rules, the author pays attention to the discussion of relevant examples and draws a conclusion by empirical analysis. Secondly, the author puts forward his own point of view on the perfection of WTO environmental rules. That is, to reach the Agreement on Trade-Related Environmental measures (TREMs Agreement) through negotiation is the best way to solve the problem of environmental trade, and to put forward relevant legislative suggestions on the basic principles and legal framework of the TREMs Agreement. At the same time, attention is paid to the coordination of the TREMs agreement on the conflict between the multilateral environmental agreement and the WTO environmental rules. Finally, the author points out that our country should hold the position and countermeasure on the perfection of WTO environmental rules. That is to say, it is an effective way to realize the sustainable development of our economy and coordinate the relationship between environment and trade by perfecting and innovating our environmental legislation in combination with the relevant environmental system of WTO. The innovation of this paper is that it pays attention to the improvement of WTO environmental rules from the perspective of low-carbon background, and pays attention to the Copenhagen Climate change Conference and its achievements, and the related progress of Cancun Climate Conference on global climate issues. And to its achievements and related arrangements for theoretical thinking. The author believes that the research on these issues will promote the improvement of WTO environmental rules, the coordination of environment and trade relations under the multilateral trading system in the world, promote the mutual support between the two, and smoothly realize the sustainable development of economic and trade. And safeguarding the common interests of the present and future all mankind has certain practical significance and theoretical value.
【學位授予單位】：南京財經(jīng)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：D996.1
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