【摘要】：由于記名提單一般不可流通,其在國際貿(mào)易和航運(yùn)實(shí)踐中的運(yùn)用遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)少于可流通提單,因而一直沒有引起各國立法與司法實(shí)踐的重視,所以,各國有關(guān)記名提單的規(guī)定既不完善也不統(tǒng)一。但是隨著貨物運(yùn)輸?shù)陌l(fā)展,記名提單逐漸受到國際社會的普遍關(guān)注,相信其也會在國際航運(yùn)實(shí)踐中發(fā)揮越來越重要的作用。 《鹿特丹規(guī)則》對記名提單制度做了較為系統(tǒng)全面的規(guī)定,順應(yīng)了國際航運(yùn)實(shí)踐的發(fā)展和需求,有助于推動記名提單相關(guān)規(guī)定的統(tǒng)一,為記名提單制度的發(fā)展開辟了一片新天地。 本文除引言外共分為三章 第一章分別對記名提單在實(shí)踐中的認(rèn)定、記名提單的轉(zhuǎn)讓性和記名提單的目的地交貨等問題列舉了各國相關(guān)的立法和司法實(shí)踐,展現(xiàn)了國際社會有關(guān)記名提單制度在立法和司法實(shí)踐上的發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀,得出了各國在上述領(lǐng)域的立法和司法實(shí)踐既不統(tǒng)一也不夠完善的結(jié)論。 第二章闡述了《鹿特丹規(guī)則》關(guān)于記名提單制度的新發(fā)展。新公約通過對可流通運(yùn)輸單證的詳細(xì)界定為我們提供了判斷和認(rèn)定一份記名提單的標(biāo)準(zhǔn);同時,公約確定了記名提單的不可流通性,有助于各國立法和司法實(shí)踐的統(tǒng)一;對于記名提單目的地交貨制度,公約順應(yīng)航運(yùn)實(shí)踐的需求,對此做了開放性的規(guī)定,允許記名提單在未載明必須憑單放貨時,可無單放貨,并通過相關(guān)制度的設(shè)計(jì)平衡了國際貨物運(yùn)輸和國際貨物貿(mào)易各方當(dāng)事人的利益,是一個具有創(chuàng)新性和實(shí)用性的較為合理完善的規(guī)定,為記名提單在實(shí)踐中的發(fā)展開創(chuàng)了廣闊的前景。 第三章論述了我國立法,貿(mào)易業(yè)與航運(yùn)業(yè)應(yīng)該如何適應(yīng)《鹿特丹規(guī)則》關(guān)于記名提單制度的新發(fā)展。我國立法不僅要補(bǔ)充完善對記名提單的含義與實(shí)踐中的認(rèn)定的規(guī)定,還要借鑒《鹿特丹規(guī)則》的相關(guān)規(guī)定修改和完善記名提單目的地交貨制度。不論是我國航運(yùn)業(yè)還是貿(mào)易業(yè)均應(yīng)在充分了解新公約相關(guān)規(guī)定的基礎(chǔ)上,積極采取應(yīng)對措施,并不斷地發(fā)展壯大自己,增強(qiáng)自身實(shí)力,以適應(yīng)國際社會的各種新規(guī)則和新挑戰(zhàn)。
[Abstract]:Because the bill of lading is generally non-negotiable and its application in the practice of international trade and shipping is far less than that of negotiable bills of lading, it has not attracted the attention of the legislation and judicial practice of various countries. The provisions on bearer bills of lading in various countries are neither perfect nor uniform. However, with the development of freight transportation, bearer bill of lading has been paid more and more attention by the international community. It is believed that it will also play an increasingly important role in international shipping practice. The Rotterdam rules make more systematic and comprehensive provisions on the system of bill of lading, comply with the development and demand of international shipping practice, and contribute to the unification of the relevant provisions of the bill of lading. It opens up a new world for the development of bill of lading system. This paper is divided into three chapters except the introduction. The first chapter enumerates the legislation and judicial practice of various countries on the identification of the bill of lading in practice, the transfer of the bill of lading and the delivery of the bill of lading at the destination of the registered bill of lading. It shows the current situation of the legislation and judicial practice of the bill of lading in the international community, and draws the conclusion that the legislation and judicial practice in the above fields are neither unified nor perfect. Chapter two expounds the new development of the system of straight bill of lading in the Rotterdam rules. Through the detailed definition of negotiable transport documents, the new convention provides us with the standard to judge and identify a bill of lading, and at the same time, it determines the non-circulation of a bill of lading, which is helpful to the unification of legislation and judicial practice of various countries. With regard to the system of delivery of goods at the destination of a registered bill of lading, the Convention complies with the requirements of shipping practice and makes an open provision allowing the bill of lading to be delivered without a bill of lading when it is not stated that it is necessary to deliver the goods on demand. And through the design of relevant systems, the interests of the parties involved in international cargo transport and international trade in goods are balanced, which is a more reasonable and perfect regulation with innovation and practicability. It opens up a broad prospect for the development of bearer bill of lading in practice. The third chapter discusses how the legislation, trade and shipping industry should adapt to the new development of the bill of lading system. The legislation of our country should not only supplement and perfect the provisions on the meaning of bill of lading and the confirmation in practice, but also use the relevant provisions of Rotterdam rules for reference to modify and perfect the system of delivery of goods at the destination of the bill of lading. On the basis of fully understanding the relevant provisions of the new convention, both China's shipping and trade industries should take active measures to develop and strengthen themselves and strengthen their own strength in order to adapt to various new rules and new challenges of the international community.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華東政法大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：D996.19

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