論承認與執(zhí)行外國法院判決中的程序公正
發(fā)布時間：2018-11-14 18:03
【摘要】：作為國際民事訴訟程序法的重要組成部分，外國法院判決的承認與執(zhí)行是國際私法協(xié)助的一項重要內(nèi)容。符合程序公正要求是外國法院判決得以承認與執(zhí)行的必要條件之一。因此，各國和國際公約均以法律規(guī)范的形式明確了程序公正的內(nèi)容，其重要程度可見一斑。然而，我國立法目前對其竟沒有明確的規(guī)定。為此，本文在對程序公正概念界定明確的基礎(chǔ)上，就程序公正原則在各國乃至國際的立法和實踐加以探討，并結(jié)合我國的現(xiàn)實狀況，提出適合我國的建議。本文分為四部分： 第一部分：外國法院判決承認與執(zhí)行及程序公正概述。首先闡釋外國法院判決承認與執(zhí)行的幾個相關(guān)概念：一是外國法院的界定；二是判決的范圍；三是承認與執(zhí)行。隨后簡要介紹各國在承認與執(zhí)行外國法院判決時，普遍采納的各項條件，從中指出“程序公正”是一國法院在決定承認與執(zhí)行外國法院判決時需要考慮的一個重要條件。其次，界定程序公正的內(nèi)涵，并對程序公正原則的歷史發(fā)展脈絡(luò)進行梳理。最后，分析“欺詐例外”和“公共秩序”這兩個概念與程序公正之間的內(nèi)在聯(lián)系。 第二部分：承認與執(zhí)行外國法院判決中的程序公正之法律表現(xiàn)�？偨Y(jié)了各國立法及國際公約中對程序公正原則的具體規(guī)定及相關(guān)解釋。當事人是否得到了合法的送達和合理的辯護機會是程序公正普遍關(guān)注的對象。普通法系國家和大陸法系國家最明顯的不同在于：普通法國家一般將欺詐事項歸于程序公正范疇，而大陸法國家則以公共秩序例外護衛(wèi)程序公正原則。而國際公約，尤其是2005年海牙《選擇法院協(xié)議公約》對欺詐例外和程序性公共秩序都作了規(guī)定，體現(xiàn)了對各國法律制度的尊重。 第三部分：承認與執(zhí)行外國法院判決中程序公正的司法實踐。本部分通過幾個經(jīng)典案例的分析，提出了在司法實踐中，法院在具體的案件中主要是審查訴訟文書的送達、欺詐情節(jié)以及程序性公共秩序例外。而適當送達一般是關(guān)注送達是否符合及時性要求、送達的訴訟文書是否包含必要的信息以及該文書提供的語言是否是當事人能夠理解的。關(guān)于欺詐例外和公共秩序的適用，各國傾向于加以嚴格限制，，只有在當事人的訴訟權(quán)利受到嚴重侵害時方可援引。 第四部分：中國承認與執(zhí)行外國法院判決之程序公正。結(jié)合我國的立法和司法實踐，對我國承認與執(zhí)行外國法院判決中的程序公正審查的現(xiàn)狀進行分析，并對如何完善我國在該領(lǐng)域的立法提出了自己的見解。
[Abstract]:As an important part of international civil procedure law, the recognition and enforcement of foreign court judgments is an important part of private international law assistance. Meeting the requirements of procedural justice is one of the necessary conditions for the recognition and enforcement of foreign court decisions. Therefore, all countries and international conventions define the content of procedural justice in the form of legal norms, the importance of which can be seen. However, the legislation of our country at present does not have the explicit stipulation to it. Therefore, on the basis of defining the concept of procedural justice clearly, this paper probes into the legislation and practice of the principle of procedural justice in various countries and even international countries, and puts forward some suggestions suitable for our country according to the reality of our country. This paper is divided into four parts: the first part: an overview of the recognition and enforcement of foreign court judgments and procedural justice. This paper first explains several related concepts of the recognition and enforcement of foreign court judgments: first, the definition of foreign courts; second, the scope of judgments; and third, recognition and enforcement. Then it briefly introduces the conditions generally adopted by various countries in recognizing and enforcing the judgments of foreign courts, and points out that "procedural justice" is an important condition to be considered by the courts of a country in deciding to recognize and enforce the judgments of foreign courts. Secondly, define the connotation of procedural justice, and sort out the historical development of procedural justice principle. Finally, the relationship between the two concepts of "fraud exception" and "public order" and procedural justice is analyzed. The second part: the legal performance of procedural justice in the recognition and enforcement of foreign court decisions. This paper summarizes the specific provisions and related interpretations of the principle of procedural justice in national legislation and international conventions. Whether the litigant gets legal service and reasonable defense opportunity is the object of general concern about procedural justice. The most obvious difference between common law countries and civil law countries lies in the fact that common law countries generally attribute fraud matters to procedural justice, while civil law countries use the principle of public order exception to protect procedural justice. International conventions, especially the Hague Convention on the Choice of Court in 2005, provide for the exception of fraud and procedural public order, reflecting respect for the legal systems of various countries. The third part: the judicial practice of recognizing and enforcing the procedural justice in the judgment of foreign courts. Through the analysis of several classic cases, this part points out that in the judicial practice, the court mainly reviews the service of litigation documents, the circumstances of fraud and the exception of procedural public order in specific cases. The proper service is generally concerned about whether the service meets the requirement of timeliness, whether the service document contains the necessary information and whether the language provided by the document can be understood by the parties. With regard to the application of fraud exceptions and public order (ordre public), States tend to impose strict restrictions that can be invoked only if the litigants' rights are seriously infringed. Part IV: the procedural justice of China's recognition and enforcement of foreign court judgments. Combined with our country's legislation and judicial practice, this paper analyzes the current situation of procedural justice examination in the recognition and execution of foreign court judgments in China, and puts forward some opinions on how to perfect our legislation in this field.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南政法大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：D916.2
本文編號：2331899
[Abstract]:As an important part of international civil procedure law, the recognition and enforcement of foreign court judgments is an important part of private international law assistance. Meeting the requirements of procedural justice is one of the necessary conditions for the recognition and enforcement of foreign court decisions. Therefore, all countries and international conventions define the content of procedural justice in the form of legal norms, the importance of which can be seen. However, the legislation of our country at present does not have the explicit stipulation to it. Therefore, on the basis of defining the concept of procedural justice clearly, this paper probes into the legislation and practice of the principle of procedural justice in various countries and even international countries, and puts forward some suggestions suitable for our country according to the reality of our country. This paper is divided into four parts: the first part: an overview of the recognition and enforcement of foreign court judgments and procedural justice. This paper first explains several related concepts of the recognition and enforcement of foreign court judgments: first, the definition of foreign courts; second, the scope of judgments; and third, recognition and enforcement. Then it briefly introduces the conditions generally adopted by various countries in recognizing and enforcing the judgments of foreign courts, and points out that "procedural justice" is an important condition to be considered by the courts of a country in deciding to recognize and enforce the judgments of foreign courts. Secondly, define the connotation of procedural justice, and sort out the historical development of procedural justice principle. Finally, the relationship between the two concepts of "fraud exception" and "public order" and procedural justice is analyzed. The second part: the legal performance of procedural justice in the recognition and enforcement of foreign court decisions. This paper summarizes the specific provisions and related interpretations of the principle of procedural justice in national legislation and international conventions. Whether the litigant gets legal service and reasonable defense opportunity is the object of general concern about procedural justice. The most obvious difference between common law countries and civil law countries lies in the fact that common law countries generally attribute fraud matters to procedural justice, while civil law countries use the principle of public order exception to protect procedural justice. International conventions, especially the Hague Convention on the Choice of Court in 2005, provide for the exception of fraud and procedural public order, reflecting respect for the legal systems of various countries. The third part: the judicial practice of recognizing and enforcing the procedural justice in the judgment of foreign courts. Through the analysis of several classic cases, this part points out that in the judicial practice, the court mainly reviews the service of litigation documents, the circumstances of fraud and the exception of procedural public order in specific cases. The proper service is generally concerned about whether the service meets the requirement of timeliness, whether the service document contains the necessary information and whether the language provided by the document can be understood by the parties. With regard to the application of fraud exceptions and public order (ordre public), States tend to impose strict restrictions that can be invoked only if the litigants' rights are seriously infringed. Part IV: the procedural justice of China's recognition and enforcement of foreign court judgments. Combined with our country's legislation and judicial practice, this paper analyzes the current situation of procedural justice examination in the recognition and execution of foreign court judgments in China, and puts forward some opinions on how to perfect our legislation in this field.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南政法大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：D916.2
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