【摘要】：隨著人類對(duì)于能源不斷上漲的需求和對(duì)于核技術(shù)的深度研究，民用核能的發(fā)展已經(jīng)成為不可逆轉(zhuǎn)的趨勢(shì)，尤其在能源領(lǐng)域，核能的發(fā)展不容小覷。民用核能法律規(guī)范的核心，就在于對(duì)民用核事故的控制。在國際法層面，民用核能領(lǐng)域已具備了一套初步的國際法體系，從“事前”、“事中”、“事后”三個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)對(duì)核事故的預(yù)防與處理提出了法律層面的要求和規(guī)范。但是這些法律文件之間的銜接以及它們?cè)谔幚韺?shí)際問題時(shí)仍存在問題，各國須通過雙邊或多邊合作來對(duì)這一國際法體系進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充和促進(jìn)。 三十年里發(fā)生的兩次7級(jí)核事故，警示著核安全的重要性也不斷對(duì)法律的規(guī)制提出新的要求。切爾諾貝利核事故成為推動(dòng)國際民用核能法律規(guī)制的重要契機(jī)，而福島核事故的發(fā)生對(duì)民用核能領(lǐng)域的國際法以及各國的國內(nèi)法又提出了新的問題和挑戰(zhàn)，國際法在民用核事故的控制上還存在進(jìn)步的空間。 中國民用核能的發(fā)展蒸蒸日上，但是現(xiàn)行的中國核能立法很難滿足現(xiàn)代核電發(fā)展的需要。通過制定《原子能法》，并不斷完善民用核能領(lǐng)域的其他法律，建立起中國國內(nèi)的“事前”、“事中”、“事后”的法律體系，同時(shí)加強(qiáng)與其他國家、國際組織的深度合作，不僅可以促進(jìn)中國民用核能的可持續(xù)發(fā)展，，還可以為中國遭遇核事故跨界損害時(shí)提供更為有效的對(duì)策。
[Abstract]:With the increasing demand for energy and the deep research on nuclear technology, the development of civil nuclear energy has become an irreversible trend, especially in the field of energy, the development of nuclear energy should not be underestimated. The core of civil nuclear power law is the control of civil nuclear accidents. In the level of international law, the field of civil nuclear energy has already possessed a set of preliminary international law system, from "beforehand", "in the matter", "afterwards" three links to the nuclear accident prevention and the disposition proposed the legal aspect request and the norm. However, the interface between these legal instruments and their problems in dealing with practical problems require States to complement and promote this system of international law through bilateral or multilateral cooperation. Two Class 7 nuclear accidents occurred in the past 30 years, warning of the importance of nuclear safety and constantly putting forward new requirements for the regulation of law. The Chernobyl nuclear accident has become an important opportunity to promote the legal regulation of international civil nuclear energy, and the occurrence of the Fukushima nuclear accident has posed new problems and challenges to the international law in the field of civil nuclear energy as well as the domestic laws of various countries. There is room for progress in the control of civil nuclear accidents in international law. The development of civil nuclear energy in China is booming, but the current legislation of nuclear energy in China is very difficult to meet the needs of the development of modern nuclear power. By formulating the Atomic Energy Law and constantly perfecting other laws in the field of civil nuclear energy, China has established a domestic legal system of "prior," in the matter, "and" afterwards, "and at the same time has strengthened its deep cooperation with other countries and international organizations. It can not only promote the sustainable development of China's civil nuclear energy, but also provide more effective countermeasures for China to encounter transboundary damage caused by nuclear accidents.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：外交學(xué)院
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：D999.2

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