【摘要】：自20世紀80年代以來,投資自由化趨勢逐步開始對東道國的管理權(quán)構(gòu)成影響和沖擊。在這種情況下,東道國政府出于公共健康、環(huán)境保護等需要,依法采取的各種調(diào)控措施,就可能產(chǎn)生間接征收的問題。間接征收是指東道國政府基于公共利益,通過正當法律程序,在不對外國投資者財產(chǎn)實行剝奪的情況下,對其財產(chǎn)權(quán)權(quán)能進行了干涉的行為。從間接征收的類型來看,間接征收可以劃分為以下幾種類型:以行政手段干涉外資經(jīng)營;以稅收手段影響投資收益;其他等方式。從本質(zhì)上來看,間接征收問題主要在于如何區(qū)分正常的政府管制行為和間接征收行為;之所以會有間接征收問題,本質(zhì)在于政府合法管理行為與間接征收之間存在一個說不清道不明的灰色地帶。間接征收的實施應(yīng)該滿足一下條件:(1)、出于公共利益的需要;(2)、正當?shù)姆沙绦?(3)、不存在歧視因素;(4)、有效的補償。補償應(yīng)該作為合法征收的前提條件之一。一方面,這種前提注重對投資者利益的保護,但另一方面也使得東道國在采取征收措施時會更加的謹慎。這對于東道國對外資的規(guī)范管理和對外資保護都有好處。從間接征收認定標準來看,應(yīng)該堅持效果與目的兼顧標準。不僅要考慮“行為效果”,而且也要考慮“行為目的或性質(zhì)”。在間接征收補償方面,應(yīng)該區(qū)分合法的間接征收和非法的間接征收,進而采取不同的補償標準。我國國內(nèi)法對于征收問題的規(guī)定沒有區(qū)分直接征收和間接征收,應(yīng)該在國內(nèi)法中加入間接征收問題的規(guī)定,使我們對外資的管理更加規(guī)范,更加嚴密。在我國雙邊投資協(xié)定中應(yīng)該增加間接征收認定的考量因素,從而使其更加明確,這樣我們就可以更好的解決可能出現(xiàn)的糾紛,司法機構(gòu)在對行政措施進行認定時更加有理、有據(jù)。
[Abstract]:Since 1980's, the trend of investment liberalization has gradually affected the host country's management power. In this case, the government of the host country, for the sake of public health, environmental protection and other needs, may take various measures of regulation and control according to law, which may lead to the problem of indirect expropriation. Indirect expropriation means that the host government interferes with the property right and power of foreign investors through due process of law and without depriving foreign investors of their property. From the perspective of the types of indirect expropriation, indirect expropriation can be divided into the following types: to interfere with foreign capital management by administrative means; to influence investment returns by tax means; and other ways. In essence, the problem of indirect expropriation mainly lies in how to distinguish the normal government regulation behavior from the indirect expropriation behavior; The essence of indirect expropriation is that there is an unknown grey area between government's legal management behavior and indirect expropriation. The implementation of indirect expropriation should meet the following conditions: (1), out of the need of public interest; (2), due process of law; (3), there is no discrimination factor; (4), effective compensation. Compensation should be one of the preconditions for lawful expropriation. On the one hand, this premise focuses on the protection of investors' interests, but on the other hand, it also makes the host country more cautious in taking tax measures. This is beneficial to the host country's normative management of foreign capital and the protection of foreign capital. Judging from the standard of indirect expropriation, we should insist on the criterion of both effect and purpose. Consider not only the effect of the act, but also the purpose or nature of the act. In the aspect of indirect expropriation compensation, we should distinguish between legal indirect expropriation and illegal indirect expropriation, and then adopt different compensation standards. There is no distinction between direct expropriation and indirect expropriation in China's domestic law. The indirect expropriation should be added to the domestic law so that the management of foreign capital can be more standardized and strict. In our bilateral investment agreements, we should increase the considerations of indirect expropriation and identification, so as to make it clearer, so that we can better resolve the disputes that may arise, and the judicial organs are more reasonable in determining administrative measures. There is evidence.
【學位授予單位】：上海大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：D996

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