【摘要】：氣候變化問題是當今世界各國關注的焦點問題,由于工業(yè)化的發(fā)展,溫室氣體的排放已經促使全球氣候變暖加劇,給人類的生產生活造成了嚴重的影響。國際社會很早以前就開始就應對氣候變化問題展開了探討與合作,希望控制溫室氣體排放以減緩氣候變化。隨著《聯(lián)合國氣候變化框架公約》及《京都議定書》的通過,國際碳排放權交易的逐步發(fā)展起來,并漸漸成為世界各主要國家控制溫室氣體排放的主要方式。歐盟、北美、澳大利亞、日本等國家及地區(qū)都進行了自己的碳排放權交易的嘗試和實踐,并逐步完善交易制度,其中有很多地方值得我國借鑒。我國一方面當前工業(yè)迅猛發(fā)展,溫室氣體排放量逐年增加,另一方面也面臨著國際社會對于減排要求的重重壓力,所以積極探索一種有效控制溫室氣體排放的制度成為當務之急。本文在探討分析國際上已有的碳排放權交易實踐的基礎上,探討我國碳排放權交易制度的構建。 本文正文共分四章進行探討。 第一章為國際碳排放權及其交易概述。首先對碳排放權交易的基本問題進行了闡述,分析了碳排放權的含義和法律屬性,明確了本文論述的碳排放權是狹義的碳排放權,碳排放權具有準物權屬性,并且闡明碳排放權配額是碳排放權的表現形式。接著介紹了國際社會聯(lián)手應對氣候變化的發(fā)展進程,全球氣候變化帶來的危機逐漸引起人們的重視和國際社會的關注,1992年150多個國家通過了《聯(lián)合國氣候變化框架公約》,隨后經過艱苦卓絕的談判1997年通過了《京都議定書》(2005年正式生效)；2012年年底《京都議定書》第一承諾期即將到期,盡管2011年底德班大會決定了第二承諾期將從2013年開始,但由于眾多發(fā)達國家的反對呼聲,未來的國際合作仍然充滿了不確定性。 第二章為國際碳排放權交易建立的理論與制度基礎。首先對碳排放權交易的理論基礎進行了闡述,國際上目前尚未形成統(tǒng)一的碳排放權交易制度,而是以區(qū)域性交易體系為主,所以本文所探討國際碳排放權交易是指發(fā)生在國際上的碳排放權交易,并以基于配額的交易為主要研究對象。然后簡要介紹了國際碳排放權交易的主體、客體以及包括聯(lián)合國國際交易日志、國家注冊系統(tǒng)、聯(lián)合履行監(jiān)督委員會、清潔發(fā)展機制執(zhí)行理事會在內的相關執(zhí)行機制。 第三章為國際碳排放權交易制度的相關實踐。首先對國際碳排放權交易的總體現狀進行了描述和評析,指出雖然全球碳市場交易額近年大體都處于上升趨勢,但是達到的減排效果并不盡如人意,繼而簡要分析了初始分配、總量控制以及獎懲機制所存在的問題。接著對歐盟的碳排放交易制度進行了較為詳細的介紹和評價,包括法律淵源、實施階段、配額分配機制、交易及懲罰機制、靈活履約機制等,分析了我國可以借鑒的經驗。最后簡要闡述并評價了美國、澳大利亞、日本的碳排放權交易制度,并指出我國應該借鑒的優(yōu)良經驗。 第四章為我國碳排放權交易制度構建的探討。首先介紹了我國碳排放權交易的初步探索,包括法律、政策及實踐三個方面,并分析了當前交易存在的法律支撐不足、平臺效率有限、政府職能定位不準等問題。在此基礎上,繼而提出了對構建我國碳排放權交易制度的建議,一方面是應該遵循的基本原則,包括公開、公平、公正原則,可持續(xù)發(fā)展原則、共同但有區(qū)別原則、漸進性原則及政府監(jiān)督原則,另一方面是關鍵的制度,包括實施階段、總量控制、初始分配制度、許可制度、核證制度、責任制度及靈活履約制度。
[Abstract]:Climate change is the focus of all countries in the world. Due to the development of industrialization, greenhouse gas emissions have contributed to the warming of global warming and have a serious impact on the production and life of mankind. The international community has started exploring and cooperating with climate change issues early and hopes to control greenhouse gas emissions to mitigate climate change. With the adoption of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and the Kyoto Protocol, the progressive development of international carbon emission trading has gradually become the main way of controlling greenhouse gas emissions in major countries of the world. The European Union, North America, Australia, Japan and other countries and regions have carried out their own carbon emission trading attempts and practices, and gradually improved the trading system, many of which deserve our reference. On the one hand, China's current industrial rapid development, the greenhouse gas emissions increase year by year, on the other hand also face the international community's heavy pressure on emission reduction demand, so it is urgent to actively explore a system that effectively controls the greenhouse gas emission. Based on the analysis of the existing practice of carbon emission trading, this paper discusses the construction of carbon emission trading system in China. The text of this article is divided into four chapters The first chapter is the international carbon emission right and First of all, the basic problems of carbon emission right trading are expounded, the meaning and legal attribute of carbon emission right are analyzed, the carbon emission right which is discussed in this paper is the narrow carbon emission right, the carbon emission right has the quasi-real right attribute, and the carbon emission right quota is the carbon emission right. It then introduced the international community to deal with the development process of climate change, the crisis brought about by global climate change gradually aroused people's attention and the attention of the international community. In 1992, more than 150 countries adopted the , followed by the successful negotiation of the Kyoto Protocol in 1997 (formally entered into force in 2005); at the end of 2012, the Kyoto Protocol> the first commitment period will expire, although the Durban Conference at the end of 2011 decided that the second commitment period would be from 20 Since 13 years, the future international cooperation is still full of opposition from many developed countries Uncertainty. Chapter II Establishment of International Carbon Emission Trading On the basis of the theory and system of carbon emission right transaction, the theory basis of carbon emission right transaction is expounded firstly, but the unified carbon emission right trading system has not been formed at the international level, but is dominated by regional trading system. Therefore, the international carbon emission right transaction discussed in this paper refers to the occurrence of the international carbon emission right transaction. Carbon emission trading on the basis of quota-based delivery This paper briefly introduces the subject and object of international carbon emission trading, as well as the international transaction log, the national registration system, the Joint Implementation Supervisory Committee and the Executive Council of the Clean Development Mechanism. Relevant implementation mechanisms within. Chapter III is the International Carbon Bank The paper describes and analyzes the overall situation of the international carbon emission trading system, and points out that although the global carbon market turnover has been generally in the upward trend in recent years, the emission reduction effect achieved is not satisfactory. the initial allocation and the total amount control are then briefly analyzed to The paper introduces and evaluates the carbon emission trading system of EU, including legal origin, implementation stage, quota allocation mechanism, transaction and punishment mechanism, flexible performance mechanism and so on. This paper analyses and evaluates the carbon emission right trading system in USA, Australia and Japan, and points out that My country should learn from the excellent experience. Chapter 4 is me This paper first introduces the preliminary exploration of China's carbon emission right transaction, including three aspects of law, policy and practice, and analyzes the insufficient legal support and platform efficiency in the current transaction. On the basis of this, the author puts forward the suggestion to construct China's carbon emission right trading system, on the one hand, it is the basic principle that should be followed, including open, fair, fair principle, sustainable development principle, common but differentiated. On the other hand, it is a key system, including implementation phase, total amount control, initial distribution system, licensing system and nuclear certificate.
【學位授予單位】：復旦大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：D996.9

【參考文獻】

相關期刊論文 前2條

1 劉偉平,戴永務;碳排放權交易在中國的研究進展[J];林業(yè)經濟問題;2004年04期

2 肖江文,羅云峰,趙勇,岳超源;排污權交易制度與初始排污權分配[J];科技進步與對策;2002年01期

相關碩士學位論文 前1條

1 蒙志敏;排污權交易法律問題研究[D];蘭州大學;2006年

，

本文編號：2265600

suoshi