論《服務(wù)貿(mào)易總協(xié)定》對(duì)國(guó)際投資法的影響
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-09-19 11:08
【摘要】：國(guó)際貿(mào)易法與國(guó)際投資法分屬不同的分支學(xué)科領(lǐng)域,它們?cè)诹⒎ū尘�、立法目�?biāo)和具體內(nèi)容上存在差異,人們對(duì)它們的認(rèn)識(shí)也停留在它們屬于不同分支學(xué)科的層面上,但是隨著WT0與投資有關(guān)的貿(mào)易協(xié)定的達(dá)成、包含投資章節(jié)的自由貿(mào)易協(xié)定的簽訂,國(guó)際貿(mào)易法與國(guó)際投資法開(kāi)始出現(xiàn)連接、交叉、重合。為了使伴隨著貿(mào)易的投資能夠順利進(jìn)行,外國(guó)投資者要求東道國(guó)在投資準(zhǔn)入和后續(xù)經(jīng)營(yíng)上給予外國(guó)企業(yè)一定待遇,及時(shí)公開(kāi)、公布與投資相關(guān)的政策法規(guī)。正是經(jīng)濟(jì)現(xiàn)實(shí)的需要讓國(guó)際貿(mào)易法與國(guó)際投資法的聯(lián)系越來(lái)越密切。第二次世界大戰(zhàn)之后,和平穩(wěn)定的社會(huì)環(huán)境的大背景之下,給了各國(guó)服務(wù)業(yè)良好的發(fā)展契機(jī),這樣的契機(jī)促使服務(wù)業(yè)的高速發(fā)展,傳統(tǒng)的服務(wù)行業(yè)如商業(yè)、交通、金融等有了長(zhǎng)足的發(fā)展,與以往的發(fā)展相比更為迅速,同時(shí)也有新的服務(wù)行業(yè)興起,例如咨詢(xún)、旅游等。各種服務(wù)行業(yè)的不斷發(fā)展,使得服務(wù)業(yè)能夠在國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)中占據(jù)越來(lái)越重要的地位,成為一國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的重要?jiǎng)恿Α５?不同國(guó)家在服務(wù)業(yè)領(lǐng)域的實(shí)力差異大,發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家往往占據(jù)優(yōu)勢(shì)地位,而發(fā)展中國(guó)家在服務(wù)業(yè)領(lǐng)域的實(shí)力欠佳,往往需要進(jìn)口服務(wù),并且發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家之間服務(wù)業(yè)的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)優(yōu)勢(shì)也不盡相同,在它們之間需要進(jìn)行服務(wù)貿(mào)易。隨著時(shí)間的推移,國(guó)際服務(wù)貿(mào)易往來(lái)越來(lái)越頻繁,它日益成為新時(shí)期全球貿(mào)易的重要組成部分,伴隨它產(chǎn)生的問(wèn)題也為人關(guān)注,但是并沒(méi)有一個(gè)統(tǒng)一的協(xié)定來(lái)規(guī)范國(guó)際服務(wù)貿(mào)易的發(fā)展,國(guó)際服務(wù)貿(mào)易項(xiàng)下產(chǎn)生的市場(chǎng)準(zhǔn)入、投資者待遇、爭(zhēng)端解決等問(wèn)題更多的是通過(guò)各國(guó)的國(guó)內(nèi)法或雙邊投資協(xié)定來(lái)進(jìn)行規(guī)范。美國(guó)作為服務(wù)業(yè)的優(yōu)勢(shì)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)者,它是《服務(wù)貿(mào)易總協(xié)定》的主要推動(dòng)者。1994年4月達(dá)成的《服務(wù)貿(mào)易總協(xié)定》規(guī)定的國(guó)際貿(mào)易形式有四大類(lèi)。在這四種形式中,國(guó)際服務(wù)貿(mào)易通過(guò)"商業(yè)存在"這一貿(mào)易形式和國(guó)際服務(wù)投資相聯(lián)系,因?yàn)榉⻊?wù)具有的生產(chǎn)與消費(fèi)同時(shí)進(jìn)行且不易存儲(chǔ)的特點(diǎn),要求一國(guó)服務(wù)提供者到另一國(guó)設(shè)立商業(yè)機(jī)構(gòu)才能為他國(guó)消費(fèi)者提供服務(wù)。通過(guò)"商業(yè)存在"來(lái)完成國(guó)際貿(mào)易,同時(shí)也將外國(guó)資本帶入他國(guó)。在這種情形之下,《服務(wù)貿(mào)易總協(xié)定》的普遍性規(guī)則與特定義務(wù)對(duì)國(guó)際投資活動(dòng)具有約束力,具體而言,國(guó)際貿(mào)易領(lǐng)域吸納了一系列促進(jìn)國(guó)際投資自由化的原則,例如最惠國(guó)待遇原則、國(guó)民待遇原則,它打破了國(guó)際服務(wù)貿(mào)易法與國(guó)際投資法相分離的局面,國(guó)際社會(huì)能夠以新的視角,不同于傳統(tǒng)的觀念,來(lái)看待國(guó)際服務(wù)貿(mào)易與國(guó)際投資的關(guān)系。本文采用學(xué)科交叉的研究方法,分析國(guó)際服務(wù)貿(mào)易與國(guó)際投資之間的關(guān)聯(lián),進(jìn)而分析《服務(wù)貿(mào)易總協(xié)定》如何與國(guó)際投資產(chǎn)生連接,通過(guò)整體和局部的層面來(lái)論述《服務(wù)貿(mào)易總協(xié)定》對(duì)國(guó)際投資法的推動(dòng)表現(xiàn),提出我國(guó)作為《服務(wù)貿(mào)易總協(xié)定》的締約國(guó),需要在服務(wù)業(yè)領(lǐng)域完善外資立法的個(gè)人建議。本文的創(chuàng)新之處在于從國(guó)際投資法的角度來(lái)分析《服務(wù)貿(mào)易總協(xié)定》的影響。本文正文部分分為三個(gè)部分:第一部分:闡明國(guó)際服務(wù)貿(mào)易的概念與特征,分析它與國(guó)際投資的關(guān)系,提出《服務(wù)貿(mào)易總協(xié)定》通過(guò)"商業(yè)存在"與國(guó)際投資產(chǎn)生連接。第二部分:從豐富國(guó)際投資法內(nèi)涵、加快服務(wù)投資立法和政策協(xié)調(diào)、對(duì)雙邊投資條約具有借鑒意義、對(duì)構(gòu)建綜合性多邊投資法律體制的啟示、為服務(wù)投資爭(zhēng)端提供保障的整體角度分析《服務(wù)貿(mào)易總協(xié)定》對(duì)國(guó)際投資法的推動(dòng),再分析總協(xié)定最惠國(guó)待遇原則、透明度原則、國(guó)內(nèi)法規(guī)、國(guó)民待遇原則、市場(chǎng)準(zhǔn)入原則促進(jìn)國(guó)際投資法的體現(xiàn)。第三部分:通過(guò)闡述我國(guó)服務(wù)領(lǐng)域外資法的現(xiàn)狀,從立法權(quán)限、雙軌制、透明度等方面分析不足,提出按照國(guó)際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)完善我國(guó)服務(wù)業(yè)外商投資法律法規(guī)、完善服務(wù)業(yè)外資經(jīng)營(yíng)監(jiān)管法規(guī)、增強(qiáng)服務(wù)業(yè)外商投資法律法規(guī)的透明度的建議。
[Abstract]:International Trade Law and international investment law belong to different branches of disciplines. They have different legislative backgrounds, legislative objectives and specific contents. People's understanding of them remains at the level of different branches of disciplines. However, with the conclusion of WT0 and investment-related trade agreements, free trade including investment chapters has been included. With the signing of the agreement, the international trade law and the international investment law begin to connect, overlap and coincide. In order to make the investment accompanying trade go on smoothly, the foreign investor requests the host country to give the foreign enterprise certain treatment in the investment admittance and follow-up operation, publish the investment-related policies and regulations in time. After the Second World War, the peaceful and stable social environment has given countries a good opportunity for the development of the service industry. This opportunity has promoted the rapid development of the service industry. Traditional service industries such as commerce, transportation and finance have made great progress. Compared with the previous development, there are also new service industries, such as consultation, tourism and so on. With the continuous development of various service industries, the service industry can occupy an increasingly important position in the national economy and become an important driving force for a country's economic development. Developed countries often occupy a dominant position, while developing countries in the service sector is not strong enough, often need imported services, and the competitive advantages of services between developed countries are not the same, the need for trade in services between them. The important part of Global trade in the period of time, accompanied by its problems are also concerned about, but there is no unified agreement to regulate the development of international trade in services, international trade in services under the market access, investor treatment, dispute settlement and other issues are more through national laws or bilateral investment agreements to enter The United States, as a dominant competitor in the service sector, is the main promoter of the GATS. There are four types of international trade under the GATS reached in April 1994. Among these four forms, international trade in services is linked to international investment in services through the form of "commercial presence" because of service. In this case, the General Agreement on Trade in Services is universal. Specifically, the international trade field has absorbed a series of principles to promote the liberalization of international investment, such as the most-favored-nation treatment principle and the national treatment principle. It has broken the separation between the international trade in services law and the international investment law, and the international community can take a new perspective, different from each other. This paper uses a cross-disciplinary approach to analyze the relationship between international trade in services and international investment, and then analyzes how GATS connects with international investment. It also discusses the relationship between GATS and international investment at both the overall and local levels. The innovation of this paper is to analyze the impact of GATS from the perspective of international investment law. The main body of this paper is divided into three parts: Part I: To clarify. The concept and characteristics of international trade in services are analyzed. The relationship between GATS and international investment is analyzed. The connection between GATS and international investment through "commercial existence" is proposed. The enlightenment of the capital legal system is to analyze the promotion of the GATS to the international investment law from the overall angle of guaranteeing service investment disputes, and then to analyze the manifestation of the GATS MFN treatment principle, transparency principle, domestic laws and regulations, national treatment principle and market access principle to promote the international investment law. The present situation of foreign investment law in service field is analyzed from the aspects of legislative authority, dual-track system and transparency. Suggestions are put forward to improve the laws and regulations of foreign investment in service industry in accordance with international standards, to improve the supervision and regulation of foreign investment in service industry, and to enhance the transparency of foreign investment laws and regulations in service industry.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京外國(guó)語(yǔ)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：D996.4;D996.1
本文編號(hào)：2249955
[Abstract]:International Trade Law and international investment law belong to different branches of disciplines. They have different legislative backgrounds, legislative objectives and specific contents. People's understanding of them remains at the level of different branches of disciplines. However, with the conclusion of WT0 and investment-related trade agreements, free trade including investment chapters has been included. With the signing of the agreement, the international trade law and the international investment law begin to connect, overlap and coincide. In order to make the investment accompanying trade go on smoothly, the foreign investor requests the host country to give the foreign enterprise certain treatment in the investment admittance and follow-up operation, publish the investment-related policies and regulations in time. After the Second World War, the peaceful and stable social environment has given countries a good opportunity for the development of the service industry. This opportunity has promoted the rapid development of the service industry. Traditional service industries such as commerce, transportation and finance have made great progress. Compared with the previous development, there are also new service industries, such as consultation, tourism and so on. With the continuous development of various service industries, the service industry can occupy an increasingly important position in the national economy and become an important driving force for a country's economic development. Developed countries often occupy a dominant position, while developing countries in the service sector is not strong enough, often need imported services, and the competitive advantages of services between developed countries are not the same, the need for trade in services between them. The important part of Global trade in the period of time, accompanied by its problems are also concerned about, but there is no unified agreement to regulate the development of international trade in services, international trade in services under the market access, investor treatment, dispute settlement and other issues are more through national laws or bilateral investment agreements to enter The United States, as a dominant competitor in the service sector, is the main promoter of the GATS. There are four types of international trade under the GATS reached in April 1994. Among these four forms, international trade in services is linked to international investment in services through the form of "commercial presence" because of service. In this case, the General Agreement on Trade in Services is universal. Specifically, the international trade field has absorbed a series of principles to promote the liberalization of international investment, such as the most-favored-nation treatment principle and the national treatment principle. It has broken the separation between the international trade in services law and the international investment law, and the international community can take a new perspective, different from each other. This paper uses a cross-disciplinary approach to analyze the relationship between international trade in services and international investment, and then analyzes how GATS connects with international investment. It also discusses the relationship between GATS and international investment at both the overall and local levels. The innovation of this paper is to analyze the impact of GATS from the perspective of international investment law. The main body of this paper is divided into three parts: Part I: To clarify. The concept and characteristics of international trade in services are analyzed. The relationship between GATS and international investment is analyzed. The connection between GATS and international investment through "commercial existence" is proposed. The enlightenment of the capital legal system is to analyze the promotion of the GATS to the international investment law from the overall angle of guaranteeing service investment disputes, and then to analyze the manifestation of the GATS MFN treatment principle, transparency principle, domestic laws and regulations, national treatment principle and market access principle to promote the international investment law. The present situation of foreign investment law in service field is analyzed from the aspects of legislative authority, dual-track system and transparency. Suggestions are put forward to improve the laws and regulations of foreign investment in service industry in accordance with international standards, to improve the supervision and regulation of foreign investment in service industry, and to enhance the transparency of foreign investment laws and regulations in service industry.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京外國(guó)語(yǔ)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：D996.4;D996.1
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