發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-08-20 20:33

【摘要】：基因技術(shù)作為一門新興技術(shù),擁有十分廣闊的商業(yè)化應(yīng)用前景,目前在農(nóng)業(yè)種植和食品工業(yè)中的應(yīng)用最為廣泛,成果最多。轉(zhuǎn)基因生物在給人類社會帶來巨大經(jīng)濟(jì)利益的同時(shí),也會對人類的生命健康和自然環(huán)境的保護(hù)產(chǎn)生非常大地影響。值得注意的是,人類社會對于轉(zhuǎn)基因生物存有很大的爭議,這些爭議主要集中在轉(zhuǎn)基因生物的種植對自然生態(tài)的影響以及轉(zhuǎn)基因食品對于人類生命健康的影響。因此,在看到轉(zhuǎn)基因生物的商業(yè)化應(yīng)用給人類發(fā)展帶來幫助的同時(shí),我們必須注意到這一過程中可能存在的威脅。 美國和歐盟都非常重視對轉(zhuǎn)基因生物,尤其是對轉(zhuǎn)基因食品的監(jiān)管。歐美境內(nèi)轉(zhuǎn)基因生物產(chǎn)品的市場化程度高于其他國家和地區(qū),有關(guān)的法律體系也較為完善,監(jiān)管原則、監(jiān)管法規(guī)以及監(jiān)管機(jī)構(gòu)的設(shè)置對我國轉(zhuǎn)基因生物監(jiān)管制度的建設(shè)有著很重要的借鑒價(jià)值。然而歐美之間的監(jiān)管制度有較大分歧,在轉(zhuǎn)基因生物商業(yè)化應(yīng)用中,尤其是在轉(zhuǎn)基因生物貿(mào)易上的分歧尤為明顯,這使得美歐在WT0規(guī)則內(nèi)產(chǎn)生了巨大的爭端,并最終將爭端提交給WT0專家組進(jìn)行裁決。隨著專家組最終裁決的做出,美歐轉(zhuǎn)基因一案對全球的轉(zhuǎn)基因生物商業(yè)化應(yīng)用產(chǎn)生了重大影響：科學(xué)技術(shù)將在這個(gè)過程中扮演至關(guān)重要的角色、大量轉(zhuǎn)基因食品將進(jìn)入發(fā)展中國家市場、世界各國開始完善各自的轉(zhuǎn)基因生物標(biāo)識制度、轉(zhuǎn)基因生物大規(guī)模商業(yè)化應(yīng)用將不可避免。反觀我國,雖然轉(zhuǎn)基因技術(shù)的研發(fā)起步晚,但是發(fā)展速度較快,轉(zhuǎn)基因生物的商業(yè)化種植面積也位居世界前列。但是我國仍存在監(jiān)管機(jī)構(gòu)職能劃分模糊、法律法規(guī)不完善、法律條文存在沖突以及政府作用的缺失等問題。目前我國食品安全問題層出不窮,為了積極應(yīng)對轉(zhuǎn)基因生物的商業(yè)化的發(fā)展,我國需要采取制定有關(guān)科學(xué)技術(shù)的發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略和優(yōu)惠政策、開展廣泛的科普教育、完善法律法規(guī)、完善標(biāo)識制度和加強(qiáng)監(jiān)管機(jī)構(gòu)自身建設(shè)等措施來構(gòu)建一個(gè)符合我國國情的轉(zhuǎn)基因生物監(jiān)管制度,以促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會、環(huán)境的同步發(fā)展。
[Abstract]:As a new technology, gene technology has a very broad commercial application prospects, and it is widely used in agriculture and food industry. Transgenic organisms not only bring huge economic benefits to human society, but also have a great impact on human life and health and the protection of natural environment. It is worth noting that there is a lot of controversy about genetically modified organisms (GMOs) in human society. These controversies mainly focus on the impact of GMOs planting on natural ecology and the impact of GMOs on human life and health. Therefore, we must pay attention to the possible threats in this process while we see that the commercial application of GMOs will help the development of human beings. Both the United States and the European Union attach great importance to the regulation of genetically modified organisms, especially GM foods. The degree of marketization of genetically modified biological products in Europe and the United States is higher than that in other countries and regions, and the relevant legal system is also relatively perfect. Regulatory regulations and the establishment of regulatory institutions have important reference value for the construction of regulatory system of genetically modified organisms in China. However, there are great differences between European and American regulatory systems, especially in the commercial application of genetically modified organisms (GMOs), especially in the trade of GMOs. This has led to a huge dispute between the United States and Europe within the WT0 rules. Finally, the dispute is referred to the WT0 panel for adjudication. With the panel's final ruling, the GMO case in the US and Europe has had a major impact on global commercial applications of GMOs: science and technology will play a vital role in this process. A large number of genetically modified foods will enter the market of developing countries. The countries all over the world begin to improve their own labeling system of genetically modified organisms (GMOs). The large-scale commercial application of GMOs will be inevitable. On the other hand, although the research and development of transgenic technology started late in China, the rate of development was relatively fast, and the commercial planting area of transgenic organisms also ranked the forefront in the world. However, there are still some problems in our country, such as vague division of the functions of regulatory bodies, imperfect laws and regulations, conflict of legal provisions and the absence of the role of the government. At present, food safety problems emerge in endlessly in our country. In order to positively respond to the commercialization of genetically modified organisms, China needs to adopt development strategies and preferential policies related to science and technology, carry out extensive popular science education, and improve laws and regulations. In order to promote the simultaneous development of economy, society and environment, we should perfect the marking system and strengthen the self-construction of the regulatory bodies to construct a regulatory system of genetically modified organisms in accordance with the national conditions of our country.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：鄭州大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：Q789;D996

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