【摘要】：隨著全球一體化的不斷發(fā)展，各國的政治經(jīng)濟利益關(guān)聯(lián)越來越錯綜復(fù)雜，國際社會逐漸出現(xiàn)“牽一發(fā)而動全身”的趨勢，目前國際法條款對“人道主義干涉”的某些問題已達成一致，但仍然存在很多分歧，這一切亟需國際法作出回應(yīng)。 “人道主義干涉”對國家主權(quán)的行使有一定的制約作用，在一定程度上為避免他國人民免遭超出限度的專政和持續(xù)的虐待起到積極作用。當一國人權(quán)狀況惡化到國民基本的權(quán)利如生存權(quán)、自由權(quán)和身體權(quán)都難以保障的時候，確實有將人權(quán)保護納入國際法管轄范圍的需要，在這種程度上，“人道主義干涉”有一定的必要。 “人道主義干涉”存在爭議，從人權(quán)與主權(quán)關(guān)系來看，主要是對人權(quán)與主權(quán)辯證關(guān)系的理解與爭論，人權(quán)大于主權(quán)，還是主權(quán)大于人權(quán)，不同性質(zhì)的國家之間存在著不同看法。目前，“人道主義干涉”理論已經(jīng)成為西方一些國家侵略他國的合法依據(jù)，同時由于現(xiàn)行國際法規(guī)范不夠完善，約束力不夠，“人道主義干涉”呈一定程度的泛濫�！叭说乐髁x干涉”的研究是國際社會的輿論導(dǎo)向，是國際和平安定的理論基礎(chǔ)，不斷完善“人道主義干涉”，會更加合理有效維護世界和平與發(fā)展。 文章主要從以下五個方面對“人道主義干涉”進行研究： 第一部分主要對“人道主義干涉”進行概念分析。主要從“人道主義干涉”的內(nèi)涵入手，通過對其分類引申出相關(guān)特征和研究意義，并介紹“人道主義干涉”的淵源和國際實踐過程，從而對“人道主義干涉”有個準確的定位。 第二部分主要介紹人權(quán)與主權(quán)的關(guān)系。人權(quán)與主權(quán)是辯證統(tǒng)一的關(guān)系，主權(quán)是享有人權(quán)的基礎(chǔ)與保障，人權(quán)限制主權(quán)的行使。著重分析和突出在當前形勢下人權(quán)與主權(quán)關(guān)系的平衡點，同時引申出“保護的責任”的相關(guān)理論。 第三部分主要分析“人道主義干涉”存在的必要性。從道德、限制國家主權(quán)行使、人權(quán)的保護以及輿論基礎(chǔ)等方面，“人道主義干涉”有存在的意義。 第四部分主要分析“人道主義干涉”存在的理論以及制度上的缺陷。從單方、未授權(quán)“人道主義干涉”的理論缺陷和聯(lián)合國集體干涉的制度缺陷兩方面指出“人道主義干涉”的相關(guān)不足，同時指出“人道主義干涉”與國際習慣的不同。 第五部分主要對“人道主義干涉”的完善和發(fā)展提出相關(guān)建議�！叭说乐髁x干涉”要有一個明確的界限，突破了這種界限才能實行相關(guān)的干涉行為。同時，在國際法上也要對“人道主義干涉”以及人權(quán)與主權(quán)的關(guān)系有個統(tǒng)一的認識。聯(lián)合國也應(yīng)當不斷完善相關(guān)調(diào)查與決策程序，建立和發(fā)展相關(guān)的監(jiān)督體系，從而使“人道主義干涉”重新走上正軌。
[Abstract]:With the continuous development of global integration, the political and economic interests of various countries are becoming more and more intricate. International law has now agreed on some of the issues of "humanitarian intervention," but there are still many differences that require a response from international law. "Humanitarian intervention" has a certain restriction on the exercise of state sovereignty, and to a certain extent, it plays a positive role in avoiding the people of other countries from exceeding the limits of dictatorship and continuing abuse. When the human rights situation of a country deteriorates to the extent that the basic rights of its citizens such as the right to life, liberty and body are difficult to guarantee, there is a real need to include the protection of human rights within the jurisdiction of international law. To this extent, Humanitarian intervention is necessary. From the perspective of the relationship between human rights and sovereignty, there are disputes about the dialectical relationship between human rights and sovereignty. Human rights are greater than sovereignty or sovereignty is greater than human rights. Different countries have different views. At present, the theory of "humanitarian intervention" has become the legal basis for some western countries to invade other countries. At the same time, due to the imperfect and binding force of the existing international law, "humanitarian intervention" is in a certain extent overrun. The study of "humanitarian intervention" is the guidance of the public opinion of the international community and the theoretical basis of international peace and stability, and the continuous improvement of "humanitarian intervention" will be more reasonable and effective in safeguarding world peace and development. This paper mainly studies the humanitarian intervention from the following five aspects: the first part mainly analyzes the concept of "humanitarian intervention". Starting with the connotation of "humanitarian intervention", this paper introduces the origin and international practice process of "humanitarian intervention" by classifying it with relevant characteristics and research significance, and thus has an accurate orientation of "humanitarian intervention". The second part mainly introduces the relationship between human rights and sovereignty. The relationship between human rights and sovereignty is dialectical unity, sovereignty is the basis and guarantee of enjoying human rights, and human rights restrict the exercise of sovereignty. The balance of the relationship between human rights and sovereignty in the current situation is analyzed and emphasized, and the relevant theory of "responsibility to protect" is derived. The third part mainly analyzes the necessity of the existence of "humanitarian intervention". From the aspects of morality, restriction of the exercise of state sovereignty, protection of human rights and basis of public opinion, "humanitarian intervention" has the meaning of existence. The fourth part mainly analyzes the theoretical and institutional defects of humanitarian intervention. This paper points out the deficiency of "humanitarian intervention" from two aspects: unilateral, unauthorized "humanitarian intervention" and the system defect of United Nations collective intervention. At the same time, it points out the difference between "humanitarian intervention" and international custom. The fifth part puts forward some suggestions on the perfection and development of humanitarian intervention. "Humanitarian intervention" must have a clear boundary, break through this limit to carry out the relevant intervention. At the same time, there should be a unified understanding of humanitarian intervention and the relationship between human rights and sovereignty in international law. The United Nations should also continuously improve the relevant investigation and decision-making procedures and establish and develop the relevant monitoring system so as to put "humanitarian intervention" back on track.
【學位授予單位】：中國海洋大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：D998.2

【引證文獻】

相關(guān)博士學位論文 前5條

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3 江海平;國際習慣法理論問題研究[D];廈門大學;2006年

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5 王云芳;走向有效的多邊主義[D];中國政法大學;2007年

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本文編號：2193818