發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-08-19 17:49

【摘要】：國(guó)家在專屬經(jīng)濟(jì)區(qū)的行政執(zhí)法權(quán)是行政執(zhí)法權(quán)的一部分,是國(guó)家管轄權(quán)在海洋上的延伸。黨的十八大提出建設(shè)海洋強(qiáng)國(guó)的戰(zhàn)略目標(biāo),目標(biāo)之一就是加強(qiáng)專屬經(jīng)濟(jì)區(qū)行政執(zhí)法,對(duì)外國(guó)船舶在我國(guó)專屬經(jīng)濟(jì)區(qū)非法捕魚、非法測(cè)量、走私販運(yùn)、污染環(huán)境等違法行為進(jìn)行有效規(guī)制,確保我國(guó)海上安全和維護(hù)我國(guó)海洋權(quán)益。面對(duì)釣魚島問(wèn)題、南海問(wèn)題不斷升溫的國(guó)際局勢(shì),加強(qiáng)我國(guó)專屬經(jīng)濟(jì)區(qū)行政執(zhí)法是最為緊迫也是最為現(xiàn)實(shí)的問(wèn)題。 全文共分為四部分：第一部分界定國(guó)家在專屬經(jīng)濟(jì)區(qū)對(duì)外國(guó)船舶行政執(zhí)法的區(qū)域、主體和對(duì)象。專屬經(jīng)濟(jì)區(qū)是區(qū)別于領(lǐng)海和公海的以資源為導(dǎo)向的特定區(qū)域,國(guó)家在專屬經(jīng)濟(jì)區(qū)行政執(zhí)法的主體是法定的行政主體,其性質(zhì)具有公權(quán)力屬性。國(guó)家在專屬經(jīng)濟(jì)區(qū)行政執(zhí)法權(quán)的對(duì)象是外國(guó)民用船舶,軍艦和政府公務(wù)船舶因享有豁免權(quán)被排除在外。 第二部分指出國(guó)家在專屬經(jīng)濟(jì)區(qū)行政執(zhí)法的依據(jù),包括執(zhí)法的基本原則、法理依據(jù)和法律依據(jù)。國(guó)家在專屬經(jīng)濟(jì)區(qū)行政執(zhí)法除應(yīng)遵循基本行政法原則外,還要遵循公示公告原則、國(guó)家豁免原則、和平解決爭(zhēng)端原則和禁止權(quán)力濫用原則。國(guó)家在專屬經(jīng)濟(jì)區(qū)執(zhí)法的法理依據(jù)是管轄權(quán)理論,執(zhí)法的法律依據(jù)主要是國(guó)際法和國(guó)內(nèi)法的相關(guān)規(guī)定。 第三部分是我國(guó)在專屬經(jīng)濟(jì)區(qū)行政執(zhí)法的立法和實(shí)踐。我國(guó)雖逐步建立各種海洋法律制度,但還沒(méi)有制定總攬全局的海洋基本法和海洋執(zhí)法法,不能適應(yīng)新時(shí)代海洋發(fā)展的要求�？v觀我國(guó)海上執(zhí)法實(shí)踐,我國(guó)專屬經(jīng)濟(jì)區(qū)行政執(zhí)法存在立法缺陷和制度缺陷。我國(guó)現(xiàn)有的海洋執(zhí)法模式是分散型的海洋執(zhí)法模式,存在權(quán)能交叉、重復(fù)建設(shè)、效率低下的弊端。 第四部分是完善我國(guó)在專屬經(jīng)濟(jì)區(qū)行政執(zhí)法的若干建議,其中制定統(tǒng)籌全局的海洋基本法和海洋執(zhí)法法是改革的關(guān)鍵,在此基礎(chǔ)上應(yīng)建立統(tǒng)一的海上執(zhí)法隊(duì)伍。要全方位提升國(guó)家和民族的海洋意識(shí),制定具體的海洋發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略,把爭(zhēng)議專屬經(jīng)濟(jì)區(qū)行政執(zhí)法納入海洋發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略中,實(shí)現(xiàn)國(guó)際法和國(guó)內(nèi)法的銜接。 我國(guó)未來(lái)專屬經(jīng)濟(jì)區(qū)行政執(zhí)法的發(fā)展,首先要健全海洋立法,找尋執(zhí)法的正當(dāng)性法律依據(jù)。其次是建立一支統(tǒng)一的、準(zhǔn)軍事化的海上執(zhí)法力量,加強(qiáng)對(duì)爭(zhēng)議專屬經(jīng)濟(jì)區(qū)的有效控制。
[Abstract]:The administrative law enforcement power of the state in the exclusive economic zone is a part of the administrative law enforcement power and the extension of the national jurisdiction in the sea. The 18th National Congress of the Party put forward the strategic goal of building a strong maritime power. One of the goals is to strengthen the administrative law enforcement of the exclusive economic zone, to illegally fish, illegally measure, and smuggle foreign vessels in China's exclusive economic zone. Pollution of the environment and other illegal acts to effectively regulate to ensure our maritime safety and protect our maritime rights and interests. In the face of the Diaoyu Island problem, the international situation of the South China Sea problem heats up constantly, it is the most urgent and realistic problem to strengthen the administrative law enforcement of our country's exclusive economic zone. The paper is divided into four parts: the first part defines the region, subject and object of the administrative enforcement of foreign ships by the state in the exclusive economic zone. The exclusive economic zone (EEZ) is a special resource-oriented region which is different from the territorial sea and the high seas. The administrative law enforcement subject of the state in the EEZ is the legal administrative subject, and its nature has the attribute of public power. The object of the administrative law enforcement power of the state in the exclusive economic zone is foreign civil ships, and warships and government official ships are excluded because of their immunity. The second part points out the basis of administrative law enforcement in the exclusive economic zone, including the basic principles, legal basis and legal basis. In addition to the basic administrative law principle, the state should abide by the principle of public announcement, the principle of state immunity, the principle of peaceful settlement of disputes and the principle of prohibiting abuse of power. The legal basis of state law enforcement in the exclusive economic zone is jurisdiction theory, and the legal basis of law enforcement is mainly the relevant provisions of international law and domestic law. The third part is the legislation and practice of administrative law enforcement in exclusive economic zone. Although China has gradually established various marine legal systems, it has not yet formulated the basic law of the sea and the law of enforcement of the sea, which takes the overall situation into account, and cannot meet the requirements of marine development in the new era. Throughout the practice of maritime law enforcement in our country, there are legislative defects and institutional defects in the enforcement of administrative law in our exclusive economic zone. The existing marine law enforcement model in China is a decentralized ocean law enforcement model, which has the disadvantages of cross-competence, repeated construction and low efficiency. The fourth part is some suggestions to perfect the administrative law enforcement in the exclusive economic zone. The key to the reform is to formulate the overall marine basic law and maritime law enforcement law. On this basis, a unified maritime law enforcement team should be established. It is necessary to enhance the national and national marine consciousness, formulate the specific marine development strategy, bring the administrative law enforcement of the disputed exclusive economic zone into the marine development strategy, and realize the connection between international law and domestic law. In the future development of China's exclusive economic zone, it is necessary to improve maritime legislation and find the legal basis of law enforcement. The second is to establish a unified, quasi-militarized maritime law enforcement force to strengthen effective control over the disputed exclusive economic zone.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：海南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：D996.19

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