發(fā)展中國(guó)家實(shí)施農(nóng)業(yè)補(bǔ)貼的法律障礙及解除
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-08-16 09:30
【摘要】：農(nóng)業(yè)補(bǔ)貼在國(guó)際貿(mào)易發(fā)展中起著越來(lái)越重要的作用,而對(duì)于農(nóng)業(yè)補(bǔ)貼的法律規(guī)定較為全面的就是《烏拉圭回合農(nóng)業(yè)協(xié)定》(簡(jiǎn)稱(chēng)《農(nóng)業(yè)協(xié)定》),但是這一協(xié)定是以發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家繼續(xù)維持其巨額農(nóng)業(yè)補(bǔ)貼為前提形成的,因此,該規(guī)定使得在具體實(shí)踐中發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家與發(fā)展中國(guó)家法律地位不平等,發(fā)展中國(guó)家的利益無(wú)法保護(hù)。由于政治、歷史等原因,發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家與發(fā)展中國(guó)家的國(guó)內(nèi)農(nóng)業(yè)補(bǔ)貼法律發(fā)展不盡相同,發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家相對(duì)較為完善,而發(fā)展中國(guó)家則較為落后,對(duì)于農(nóng)業(yè)大國(guó)的我國(guó)來(lái)說(shuō)則也處于起步階段,還存在很多不足和需要改進(jìn)的地方,因此,分析發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家的農(nóng)業(yè)補(bǔ)貼法律規(guī)則的優(yōu)點(diǎn)以及發(fā)展中國(guó)家的缺陷,對(duì)以后發(fā)展中國(guó)家農(nóng)業(yè)補(bǔ)貼法律制度的建立以及在WTO農(nóng)業(yè)補(bǔ)貼法律體制下共同應(yīng)對(duì)發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家的壓制提供理論基礎(chǔ)和指導(dǎo)意見(jiàn),對(duì)我國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)補(bǔ)貼的發(fā)展也將有很深的意義和影響。 除引言和結(jié)論外,本文分為五部分。 第一部分,分析WTO框架下農(nóng)業(yè)補(bǔ)貼的含義,說(shuō)明研究農(nóng)業(yè)補(bǔ)貼的必要性,并闡述農(nóng)業(yè)補(bǔ)貼法律制度的產(chǎn)生過(guò)程。首先農(nóng)業(yè)補(bǔ)貼是政府或任何政府機(jī)構(gòu)在農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)、農(nóng)產(chǎn)品流通和農(nóng)業(yè)貿(mào)易活動(dòng)中所提供的并能夠?yàn)榻邮苷邘?lái)某種優(yōu)惠的財(cái)政資助以及其他形式的收入以及價(jià)格支持。然后提出研究農(nóng)業(yè)補(bǔ)貼的必要性,研究農(nóng)業(yè)補(bǔ)貼是關(guān)系到—國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)乃至政治的重要議題。最后總結(jié)出農(nóng)業(yè)補(bǔ)貼的發(fā)展歷程,從產(chǎn)生到目前的發(fā)展?fàn)顩r。 第二部分,借由發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家和發(fā)展中國(guó)家的農(nóng)業(yè)補(bǔ)貼政策以及多哈回合談判各國(guó)的主張來(lái)分析現(xiàn)今國(guó)際上農(nóng)業(yè)補(bǔ)貼的發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀,以及未來(lái)的發(fā)展趨勢(shì)。首先明確了WTO《農(nóng)業(yè)協(xié)議》對(duì)于農(nóng)業(yè)補(bǔ)貼的相關(guān)具體規(guī)定；其次,分別闡述了主要發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家和發(fā)展中國(guó)家的農(nóng)業(yè)補(bǔ)貼法律現(xiàn)狀,發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家以美國(guó)、日本和歐盟為主,闡述其國(guó)內(nèi)完備的農(nóng)業(yè)補(bǔ)貼法律體系以及在農(nóng)業(yè)補(bǔ)貼談判中的各自立場(chǎng),發(fā)展中國(guó)家主要以巴西、印度和中國(guó)為例,闡述發(fā)展中國(guó)家在相較于發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家之下的不足和落后之處；最后,闡述了農(nóng)業(yè)補(bǔ)貼的未來(lái)發(fā)展趨勢(shì),包括多哈回合談判中關(guān)于農(nóng)業(yè)補(bǔ)貼的爭(zhēng)議以及對(duì)于該爭(zhēng)議產(chǎn)生的影響,并對(duì)農(nóng)業(yè)補(bǔ)貼在未來(lái)的發(fā)展趨勢(shì)進(jìn)行大膽預(yù)測(cè)。 第三部分,對(duì)于發(fā)展中國(guó)家在農(nóng)業(yè)談判中的不公平對(duì)待,提出發(fā)展中國(guó)家在此問(wèn)題中的困境所在,以及造成這一困境的原因,是本文的主要內(nèi)容。發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家和發(fā)展中國(guó)家對(duì)于農(nóng)業(yè)補(bǔ)貼存在著很大的爭(zhēng)議,其原因是多方面的,這部分主要分析了發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家和發(fā)展中國(guó)家分歧的原因所在,及提出發(fā)展中國(guó)家在農(nóng)業(yè)談判中的困境所在。 第四部分,對(duì)于前一部分提出的發(fā)展中國(guó)家困境提出解決的方法,是本文的亮點(diǎn)所在,對(duì)于發(fā)展中國(guó)家今后的發(fā)展提出本人的一些建議和設(shè)想。發(fā)展中國(guó)家可以通過(guò)加強(qiáng)自身立法完善、以及對(duì)農(nóng)產(chǎn)品的直接補(bǔ)貼規(guī)定、且可以通過(guò)聯(lián)合發(fā)展中國(guó)家集團(tuán)力量共同應(yīng)對(duì),還可以通過(guò)提高發(fā)展中國(guó)家的反補(bǔ)貼應(yīng)訴能力,提高各種力量,共同爭(zhēng)取發(fā)展中國(guó)家在談判中的利益。 最后一部分,針對(duì)國(guó)際上發(fā)展中國(guó)家以及發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家的經(jīng)驗(yàn),對(duì)我國(guó)目前的農(nóng)業(yè)補(bǔ)貼制度提出問(wèn)題并解決問(wèn)題。我國(guó)既是發(fā)展中國(guó)家又是農(nóng)業(yè)大國(guó),在農(nóng)業(yè)補(bǔ)貼方面的發(fā)展具有典型代表意義,而我國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)補(bǔ)貼的發(fā)展存在很多不足,原因有很多方面,本部分分析了我國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)補(bǔ)貼的缺陷,并相對(duì)應(yīng)的提出解決建議。 發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家“利”字當(dāng)先,盡管在國(guó)際壓力之下做出讓步,但也是為了進(jìn)一步撬開(kāi)發(fā)展中國(guó)家的市場(chǎng),《農(nóng)業(yè)協(xié)定》的規(guī)定也對(duì)發(fā)展中國(guó)家很不公平,發(fā)展中國(guó)家農(nóng)業(yè)補(bǔ)貼的利益被忽略和踐踏,無(wú)人保護(hù),因此,應(yīng)該聯(lián)合起來(lái)共同為改變這些不公平的協(xié)議做出努力,要求發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家取消對(duì)農(nóng)產(chǎn)品的補(bǔ)貼和對(duì)發(fā)展中國(guó)家的傾銷(xiāo),農(nóng)業(yè)補(bǔ)貼是多哈回合談判中分歧最大的領(lǐng)域,因此,解決好這一問(wèn)題,是關(guān)系著談判能否成功的關(guān)鍵因素,對(duì)WTO農(nóng)業(yè)補(bǔ)貼規(guī)則的研究就顯得尤為重要。 我國(guó)加入世貿(mào)組織后,也應(yīng)時(shí)刻與國(guó)際接軌,關(guān)于農(nóng)業(yè)補(bǔ)貼問(wèn)題也存在著諸多的不足和缺陷,本文對(duì)我國(guó)存在的問(wèn)題提出幾點(diǎn)建議,為我國(guó)逐步符合WTO《農(nóng)業(yè)協(xié)議》規(guī)則和建立完善的農(nóng)業(yè)補(bǔ)貼法律制度做出貢獻(xiàn)。
[Abstract]:Agricultural subsidies play an increasingly important role in the development of international trade, and the more comprehensive legal provisions for agricultural subsidies are the "Uruguay Round Agriculture Agreement" (referred to as the "Agriculture Agreement"), but this agreement is formed on the premise that the developed countries continue to maintain their huge agricultural subsidies, therefore, the provisions make it concrete and practical. In practice, the legal status of developed and developing countries is unequal, and the interests of developing countries can not be protected. Due to political and historical reasons, the domestic agricultural subsidy laws of developed and developing countries are not the same, the developed countries are relatively perfect, while the developing countries are relatively backward, for China, a large agricultural country. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze the advantages and disadvantages of the agricultural subsidy laws and regulations of developed countries and the defects of developing countries, and to provide for the establishment of the legal system of agricultural subsidy in developing countries in the future and to jointly cope with the oppression of developed countries under the WTO legal system of agricultural subsidy. The theoretical basis and guidance will also have profound significance and impact on the development of China's agricultural subsidies.
In addition to the introduction and conclusion, this paper is divided into five parts.
The first part analyzes the meaning of agricultural subsidy under the WTO framework, explains the necessity of studying agricultural subsidy, and expounds the process of the legal system of agricultural subsidy. Secondly, the necessity of studying agricultural subsidy is put forward. The study of agricultural subsidy is an important issue related to the economy and even politics of a country. Finally, the development process of agricultural subsidy is summarized, from its emergence to the present situation of development.
The second part analyzes the current situation and future development trend of agricultural subsidy in the world by referring to the agricultural subsidy policies of developed and developing countries and the opinions of the countries in the Doha Round negotiations. The current situation of agricultural subsidy laws in both countries and developing countries is described. The developed countries, mainly the United States, Japan and the European Union, expound their own complete legal system of agricultural subsidy and their respective positions in the negotiations on agricultural subsidy. The developing countries, taking Brazil, India and China as examples, expound that the developing countries are under the developed countries. Finally, the paper expounds the future development trend of agricultural subsidies, including the disputes on agricultural subsidies in the Doha Round negotiations and their impact on the disputes, and makes bold predictions on the future development trend of agricultural subsidies.
The third part is about the unfair treatment of the developing countries in the agricultural negotiations, the predicament of the developing countries in this issue, and the reasons for this predicament, which is the main content of this paper. This paper analyzes the causes of the differences between developed and developing countries, and puts forward the difficulties of developing countries in agricultural negotiations.
In the fourth part, the author puts forward some suggestions and ideas for the future development of developing countries. Developing countries can improve their own legislation and direct subsidy provisions for agricultural products, and can be issued jointly. The group of developing countries can jointly cope with the situation, and can also enhance the countervailing capacity of developing countries, enhance various forces, and jointly strive for the interests of developing countries in the negotiations.
In the last part, according to the experience of developing countries and developed countries in the world, we put forward some problems and solve them. China is both a developing country and a big agricultural country. The development of agricultural subsidy in China has typical representative significance. However, there are many shortcomings in the development of agricultural subsidy in China. In many respects, this part analyzes the defects of China's agricultural subsidies, and puts forward corresponding solutions.
Despite concessions under international pressure, developed countries have made concessions to further exploit the markets of developing countries. The provisions of the Agricultural Agreement are also unfair to developing countries. The interests of agricultural subsidies in developing countries are neglected and trampled on, and no one protects them. Therefore, joint efforts should be made to change these problems. Unfair agreements require developed countries to cancel subsidies to agricultural products and dumping on developing countries. Agricultural subsidies are the most divisive areas in the Doha Round negotiations. Therefore, a good solution to this problem is a key factor to the success of the negotiations, and it is particularly important to study the rules of WTO agricultural subsidies.
After China's accession to the WTO, it should always be in line with the international standards. There are also many shortcomings and defects in the issue of agricultural subsidies. This paper puts forward some suggestions on the existing problems in China, which will contribute to China's gradual compliance with the WTO Agricultural Agreement and the establishment of a sound legal system of agricultural subsidies.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：D996.1;D912.4;F320
本文編號(hào)：2185582
[Abstract]:Agricultural subsidies play an increasingly important role in the development of international trade, and the more comprehensive legal provisions for agricultural subsidies are the "Uruguay Round Agriculture Agreement" (referred to as the "Agriculture Agreement"), but this agreement is formed on the premise that the developed countries continue to maintain their huge agricultural subsidies, therefore, the provisions make it concrete and practical. In practice, the legal status of developed and developing countries is unequal, and the interests of developing countries can not be protected. Due to political and historical reasons, the domestic agricultural subsidy laws of developed and developing countries are not the same, the developed countries are relatively perfect, while the developing countries are relatively backward, for China, a large agricultural country. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze the advantages and disadvantages of the agricultural subsidy laws and regulations of developed countries and the defects of developing countries, and to provide for the establishment of the legal system of agricultural subsidy in developing countries in the future and to jointly cope with the oppression of developed countries under the WTO legal system of agricultural subsidy. The theoretical basis and guidance will also have profound significance and impact on the development of China's agricultural subsidies.
In addition to the introduction and conclusion, this paper is divided into five parts.
The first part analyzes the meaning of agricultural subsidy under the WTO framework, explains the necessity of studying agricultural subsidy, and expounds the process of the legal system of agricultural subsidy. Secondly, the necessity of studying agricultural subsidy is put forward. The study of agricultural subsidy is an important issue related to the economy and even politics of a country. Finally, the development process of agricultural subsidy is summarized, from its emergence to the present situation of development.
The second part analyzes the current situation and future development trend of agricultural subsidy in the world by referring to the agricultural subsidy policies of developed and developing countries and the opinions of the countries in the Doha Round negotiations. The current situation of agricultural subsidy laws in both countries and developing countries is described. The developed countries, mainly the United States, Japan and the European Union, expound their own complete legal system of agricultural subsidy and their respective positions in the negotiations on agricultural subsidy. The developing countries, taking Brazil, India and China as examples, expound that the developing countries are under the developed countries. Finally, the paper expounds the future development trend of agricultural subsidies, including the disputes on agricultural subsidies in the Doha Round negotiations and their impact on the disputes, and makes bold predictions on the future development trend of agricultural subsidies.
The third part is about the unfair treatment of the developing countries in the agricultural negotiations, the predicament of the developing countries in this issue, and the reasons for this predicament, which is the main content of this paper. This paper analyzes the causes of the differences between developed and developing countries, and puts forward the difficulties of developing countries in agricultural negotiations.
In the fourth part, the author puts forward some suggestions and ideas for the future development of developing countries. Developing countries can improve their own legislation and direct subsidy provisions for agricultural products, and can be issued jointly. The group of developing countries can jointly cope with the situation, and can also enhance the countervailing capacity of developing countries, enhance various forces, and jointly strive for the interests of developing countries in the negotiations.
In the last part, according to the experience of developing countries and developed countries in the world, we put forward some problems and solve them. China is both a developing country and a big agricultural country. The development of agricultural subsidy in China has typical representative significance. However, there are many shortcomings in the development of agricultural subsidy in China. In many respects, this part analyzes the defects of China's agricultural subsidies, and puts forward corresponding solutions.
Despite concessions under international pressure, developed countries have made concessions to further exploit the markets of developing countries. The provisions of the Agricultural Agreement are also unfair to developing countries. The interests of agricultural subsidies in developing countries are neglected and trampled on, and no one protects them. Therefore, joint efforts should be made to change these problems. Unfair agreements require developed countries to cancel subsidies to agricultural products and dumping on developing countries. Agricultural subsidies are the most divisive areas in the Doha Round negotiations. Therefore, a good solution to this problem is a key factor to the success of the negotiations, and it is particularly important to study the rules of WTO agricultural subsidies.
After China's accession to the WTO, it should always be in line with the international standards. There are also many shortcomings and defects in the issue of agricultural subsidies. This paper puts forward some suggestions on the existing problems in China, which will contribute to China's gradual compliance with the WTO Agricultural Agreement and the establishment of a sound legal system of agricultural subsidies.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：D996.1;D912.4;F320
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