發(fā)展中國家實施農(nóng)業(yè)補(bǔ)貼的法律障礙及解除
發(fā)布時間：2018-08-16 09:30
【摘要】：農(nóng)業(yè)補(bǔ)貼在國際貿(mào)易發(fā)展中起著越來越重要的作用,而對于農(nóng)業(yè)補(bǔ)貼的法律規(guī)定較為全面的就是《烏拉圭回合農(nóng)業(yè)協(xié)定》(簡稱《農(nóng)業(yè)協(xié)定》),但是這一協(xié)定是以發(fā)達(dá)國家繼續(xù)維持其巨額農(nóng)業(yè)補(bǔ)貼為前提形成的,因此,該規(guī)定使得在具體實踐中發(fā)達(dá)國家與發(fā)展中國家法律地位不平等,發(fā)展中國家的利益無法保護(hù)。由于政治、歷史等原因,發(fā)達(dá)國家與發(fā)展中國家的國內(nèi)農(nóng)業(yè)補(bǔ)貼法律發(fā)展不盡相同,發(fā)達(dá)國家相對較為完善,而發(fā)展中國家則較為落后,對于農(nóng)業(yè)大國的我國來說則也處于起步階段,還存在很多不足和需要改進(jìn)的地方,因此,分析發(fā)達(dá)國家的農(nóng)業(yè)補(bǔ)貼法律規(guī)則的優(yōu)點以及發(fā)展中國家的缺陷,對以后發(fā)展中國家農(nóng)業(yè)補(bǔ)貼法律制度的建立以及在WTO農(nóng)業(yè)補(bǔ)貼法律體制下共同應(yīng)對發(fā)達(dá)國家的壓制提供理論基礎(chǔ)和指導(dǎo)意見,對我國農(nóng)業(yè)補(bǔ)貼的發(fā)展也將有很深的意義和影響。 除引言和結(jié)論外,本文分為五部分。 第一部分,分析WTO框架下農(nóng)業(yè)補(bǔ)貼的含義,說明研究農(nóng)業(yè)補(bǔ)貼的必要性,并闡述農(nóng)業(yè)補(bǔ)貼法律制度的產(chǎn)生過程。首先農(nóng)業(yè)補(bǔ)貼是政府或任何政府機(jī)構(gòu)在農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)、農(nóng)產(chǎn)品流通和農(nóng)業(yè)貿(mào)易活動中所提供的并能夠為接受者帶來某種優(yōu)惠的財政資助以及其他形式的收入以及價格支持。然后提出研究農(nóng)業(yè)補(bǔ)貼的必要性,研究農(nóng)業(yè)補(bǔ)貼是關(guān)系到—國經(jīng)濟(jì)乃至政治的重要議題。最后總結(jié)出農(nóng)業(yè)補(bǔ)貼的發(fā)展歷程,從產(chǎn)生到目前的發(fā)展?fàn)顩r。 第二部分,借由發(fā)達(dá)國家和發(fā)展中國家的農(nóng)業(yè)補(bǔ)貼政策以及多哈回合談判各國的主張來分析現(xiàn)今國際上農(nóng)業(yè)補(bǔ)貼的發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀,以及未來的發(fā)展趨勢。首先明確了WTO《農(nóng)業(yè)協(xié)議》對于農(nóng)業(yè)補(bǔ)貼的相關(guān)具體規(guī)定；其次,分別闡述了主要發(fā)達(dá)國家和發(fā)展中國家的農(nóng)業(yè)補(bǔ)貼法律現(xiàn)狀,發(fā)達(dá)國家以美國、日本和歐盟為主,闡述其國內(nèi)完備的農(nóng)業(yè)補(bǔ)貼法律體系以及在農(nóng)業(yè)補(bǔ)貼談判中的各自立場,發(fā)展中國家主要以巴西、印度和中國為例,闡述發(fā)展中國家在相較于發(fā)達(dá)國家之下的不足和落后之處；最后,闡述了農(nóng)業(yè)補(bǔ)貼的未來發(fā)展趨勢,包括多哈回合談判中關(guān)于農(nóng)業(yè)補(bǔ)貼的爭議以及對于該爭議產(chǎn)生的影響,并對農(nóng)業(yè)補(bǔ)貼在未來的發(fā)展趨勢進(jìn)行大膽預(yù)測。 第三部分,對于發(fā)展中國家在農(nóng)業(yè)談判中的不公平對待,提出發(fā)展中國家在此問題中的困境所在,以及造成這一困境的原因,是本文的主要內(nèi)容。發(fā)達(dá)國家和發(fā)展中國家對于農(nóng)業(yè)補(bǔ)貼存在著很大的爭議,其原因是多方面的,這部分主要分析了發(fā)達(dá)國家和發(fā)展中國家分歧的原因所在,及提出發(fā)展中國家在農(nóng)業(yè)談判中的困境所在。 第四部分,對于前一部分提出的發(fā)展中國家困境提出解決的方法,是本文的亮點所在,對于發(fā)展中國家今后的發(fā)展提出本人的一些建議和設(shè)想。發(fā)展中國家可以通過加強(qiáng)自身立法完善、以及對農(nóng)產(chǎn)品的直接補(bǔ)貼規(guī)定、且可以通過聯(lián)合發(fā)展中國家集團(tuán)力量共同應(yīng)對,還可以通過提高發(fā)展中國家的反補(bǔ)貼應(yīng)訴能力,提高各種力量,共同爭取發(fā)展中國家在談判中的利益。 最后一部分,針對國際上發(fā)展中國家以及發(fā)達(dá)國家的經(jīng)驗,對我國目前的農(nóng)業(yè)補(bǔ)貼制度提出問題并解決問題。我國既是發(fā)展中國家又是農(nóng)業(yè)大國,在農(nóng)業(yè)補(bǔ)貼方面的發(fā)展具有典型代表意義,而我國農(nóng)業(yè)補(bǔ)貼的發(fā)展存在很多不足,原因有很多方面,本部分分析了我國農(nóng)業(yè)補(bǔ)貼的缺陷,并相對應(yīng)的提出解決建議。 發(fā)達(dá)國家“利”字當(dāng)先,盡管在國際壓力之下做出讓步,但也是為了進(jìn)一步撬開發(fā)展中國家的市場,《農(nóng)業(yè)協(xié)定》的規(guī)定也對發(fā)展中國家很不公平,發(fā)展中國家農(nóng)業(yè)補(bǔ)貼的利益被忽略和踐踏,無人保護(hù),因此,應(yīng)該聯(lián)合起來共同為改變這些不公平的協(xié)議做出努力,要求發(fā)達(dá)國家取消對農(nóng)產(chǎn)品的補(bǔ)貼和對發(fā)展中國家的傾銷,農(nóng)業(yè)補(bǔ)貼是多哈回合談判中分歧最大的領(lǐng)域,因此,解決好這一問題,是關(guān)系著談判能否成功的關(guān)鍵因素,對WTO農(nóng)業(yè)補(bǔ)貼規(guī)則的研究就顯得尤為重要。 我國加入世貿(mào)組織后,也應(yīng)時刻與國際接軌,關(guān)于農(nóng)業(yè)補(bǔ)貼問題也存在著諸多的不足和缺陷,本文對我國存在的問題提出幾點建議,為我國逐步符合WTO《農(nóng)業(yè)協(xié)議》規(guī)則和建立完善的農(nóng)業(yè)補(bǔ)貼法律制度做出貢獻(xiàn)。
[Abstract]:Agricultural subsidies play an increasingly important role in the development of international trade, and the more comprehensive legal provisions for agricultural subsidies are the "Uruguay Round Agriculture Agreement" (referred to as the "Agriculture Agreement"), but this agreement is formed on the premise that the developed countries continue to maintain their huge agricultural subsidies, therefore, the provisions make it concrete and practical. In practice, the legal status of developed and developing countries is unequal, and the interests of developing countries can not be protected. Due to political and historical reasons, the domestic agricultural subsidy laws of developed and developing countries are not the same, the developed countries are relatively perfect, while the developing countries are relatively backward, for China, a large agricultural country. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze the advantages and disadvantages of the agricultural subsidy laws and regulations of developed countries and the defects of developing countries, and to provide for the establishment of the legal system of agricultural subsidy in developing countries in the future and to jointly cope with the oppression of developed countries under the WTO legal system of agricultural subsidy. The theoretical basis and guidance will also have profound significance and impact on the development of China's agricultural subsidies.
In addition to the introduction and conclusion, this paper is divided into five parts.
The first part analyzes the meaning of agricultural subsidy under the WTO framework, explains the necessity of studying agricultural subsidy, and expounds the process of the legal system of agricultural subsidy. Secondly, the necessity of studying agricultural subsidy is put forward. The study of agricultural subsidy is an important issue related to the economy and even politics of a country. Finally, the development process of agricultural subsidy is summarized, from its emergence to the present situation of development.
The second part analyzes the current situation and future development trend of agricultural subsidy in the world by referring to the agricultural subsidy policies of developed and developing countries and the opinions of the countries in the Doha Round negotiations. The current situation of agricultural subsidy laws in both countries and developing countries is described. The developed countries, mainly the United States, Japan and the European Union, expound their own complete legal system of agricultural subsidy and their respective positions in the negotiations on agricultural subsidy. The developing countries, taking Brazil, India and China as examples, expound that the developing countries are under the developed countries. Finally, the paper expounds the future development trend of agricultural subsidies, including the disputes on agricultural subsidies in the Doha Round negotiations and their impact on the disputes, and makes bold predictions on the future development trend of agricultural subsidies.
The third part is about the unfair treatment of the developing countries in the agricultural negotiations, the predicament of the developing countries in this issue, and the reasons for this predicament, which is the main content of this paper. This paper analyzes the causes of the differences between developed and developing countries, and puts forward the difficulties of developing countries in agricultural negotiations.
In the fourth part, the author puts forward some suggestions and ideas for the future development of developing countries. Developing countries can improve their own legislation and direct subsidy provisions for agricultural products, and can be issued jointly. The group of developing countries can jointly cope with the situation, and can also enhance the countervailing capacity of developing countries, enhance various forces, and jointly strive for the interests of developing countries in the negotiations.
In the last part, according to the experience of developing countries and developed countries in the world, we put forward some problems and solve them. China is both a developing country and a big agricultural country. The development of agricultural subsidy in China has typical representative significance. However, there are many shortcomings in the development of agricultural subsidy in China. In many respects, this part analyzes the defects of China's agricultural subsidies, and puts forward corresponding solutions.
Despite concessions under international pressure, developed countries have made concessions to further exploit the markets of developing countries. The provisions of the Agricultural Agreement are also unfair to developing countries. The interests of agricultural subsidies in developing countries are neglected and trampled on, and no one protects them. Therefore, joint efforts should be made to change these problems. Unfair agreements require developed countries to cancel subsidies to agricultural products and dumping on developing countries. Agricultural subsidies are the most divisive areas in the Doha Round negotiations. Therefore, a good solution to this problem is a key factor to the success of the negotiations, and it is particularly important to study the rules of WTO agricultural subsidies.
After China's accession to the WTO, it should always be in line with the international standards. There are also many shortcomings and defects in the issue of agricultural subsidies. This paper puts forward some suggestions on the existing problems in China, which will contribute to China's gradual compliance with the WTO Agricultural Agreement and the establishment of a sound legal system of agricultural subsidies.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北財經(jīng)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：D996.1;D912.4;F320
本文編號：2185582
[Abstract]:Agricultural subsidies play an increasingly important role in the development of international trade, and the more comprehensive legal provisions for agricultural subsidies are the "Uruguay Round Agriculture Agreement" (referred to as the "Agriculture Agreement"), but this agreement is formed on the premise that the developed countries continue to maintain their huge agricultural subsidies, therefore, the provisions make it concrete and practical. In practice, the legal status of developed and developing countries is unequal, and the interests of developing countries can not be protected. Due to political and historical reasons, the domestic agricultural subsidy laws of developed and developing countries are not the same, the developed countries are relatively perfect, while the developing countries are relatively backward, for China, a large agricultural country. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze the advantages and disadvantages of the agricultural subsidy laws and regulations of developed countries and the defects of developing countries, and to provide for the establishment of the legal system of agricultural subsidy in developing countries in the future and to jointly cope with the oppression of developed countries under the WTO legal system of agricultural subsidy. The theoretical basis and guidance will also have profound significance and impact on the development of China's agricultural subsidies.
In addition to the introduction and conclusion, this paper is divided into five parts.
The first part analyzes the meaning of agricultural subsidy under the WTO framework, explains the necessity of studying agricultural subsidy, and expounds the process of the legal system of agricultural subsidy. Secondly, the necessity of studying agricultural subsidy is put forward. The study of agricultural subsidy is an important issue related to the economy and even politics of a country. Finally, the development process of agricultural subsidy is summarized, from its emergence to the present situation of development.
The second part analyzes the current situation and future development trend of agricultural subsidy in the world by referring to the agricultural subsidy policies of developed and developing countries and the opinions of the countries in the Doha Round negotiations. The current situation of agricultural subsidy laws in both countries and developing countries is described. The developed countries, mainly the United States, Japan and the European Union, expound their own complete legal system of agricultural subsidy and their respective positions in the negotiations on agricultural subsidy. The developing countries, taking Brazil, India and China as examples, expound that the developing countries are under the developed countries. Finally, the paper expounds the future development trend of agricultural subsidies, including the disputes on agricultural subsidies in the Doha Round negotiations and their impact on the disputes, and makes bold predictions on the future development trend of agricultural subsidies.
The third part is about the unfair treatment of the developing countries in the agricultural negotiations, the predicament of the developing countries in this issue, and the reasons for this predicament, which is the main content of this paper. This paper analyzes the causes of the differences between developed and developing countries, and puts forward the difficulties of developing countries in agricultural negotiations.
In the fourth part, the author puts forward some suggestions and ideas for the future development of developing countries. Developing countries can improve their own legislation and direct subsidy provisions for agricultural products, and can be issued jointly. The group of developing countries can jointly cope with the situation, and can also enhance the countervailing capacity of developing countries, enhance various forces, and jointly strive for the interests of developing countries in the negotiations.
In the last part, according to the experience of developing countries and developed countries in the world, we put forward some problems and solve them. China is both a developing country and a big agricultural country. The development of agricultural subsidy in China has typical representative significance. However, there are many shortcomings in the development of agricultural subsidy in China. In many respects, this part analyzes the defects of China's agricultural subsidies, and puts forward corresponding solutions.
Despite concessions under international pressure, developed countries have made concessions to further exploit the markets of developing countries. The provisions of the Agricultural Agreement are also unfair to developing countries. The interests of agricultural subsidies in developing countries are neglected and trampled on, and no one protects them. Therefore, joint efforts should be made to change these problems. Unfair agreements require developed countries to cancel subsidies to agricultural products and dumping on developing countries. Agricultural subsidies are the most divisive areas in the Doha Round negotiations. Therefore, a good solution to this problem is a key factor to the success of the negotiations, and it is particularly important to study the rules of WTO agricultural subsidies.
After China's accession to the WTO, it should always be in line with the international standards. There are also many shortcomings and defects in the issue of agricultural subsidies. This paper puts forward some suggestions on the existing problems in China, which will contribute to China's gradual compliance with the WTO Agricultural Agreement and the establishment of a sound legal system of agricultural subsidies.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北財經(jīng)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：D996.1;D912.4;F320
【參考文獻(xiàn)】
相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條
1 徐玉梅;王平達(dá);;關(guān)于農(nóng)產(chǎn)品出口補(bǔ)貼零承諾的法律制度[J];商業(yè)研究;2009年06期
2 曾文革;溫融;;中國農(nóng)業(yè)補(bǔ)貼反補(bǔ)貼法律制度的問題、挑戰(zhàn)與完善[J];重慶大學(xué)學(xué)報(社會科學(xué)版);2010年03期
3 樊蕾;;WTO條件下農(nóng)產(chǎn)品補(bǔ)貼法律問題研究[J];重慶工商大學(xué)學(xué)報(社會科學(xué)版);2010年05期
4 劉星翰;;淺析我國遭受的反補(bǔ)貼問題[J];對外經(jīng)貿(mào)實務(wù);2010年10期
5 許旭;;我國農(nóng)產(chǎn)品貿(mào)易的現(xiàn)狀與出路[J];消費導(dǎo)刊;2010年07期
6 李長健;;中國農(nóng)業(yè)補(bǔ)貼法律制度的具體設(shè)計——以生存權(quán)和發(fā)展權(quán)平等為中心[J];河北法學(xué);2009年09期
7 唐杰英;;出口補(bǔ)貼的有效性分析[J];世界經(jīng)濟(jì)研究;2010年11期
8 藍(lán)海濤;當(dāng)前我國農(nóng)業(yè)補(bǔ)貼熱點問題探析[J];宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)研究;2003年05期
9 吳薇;張智革;;出口補(bǔ)貼與反補(bǔ)貼對國民福利影響的經(jīng)濟(jì)分析[J];經(jīng)濟(jì)研究導(dǎo)刊;2011年01期
10 李長健;董芳芳;邵江婷;;我國農(nóng)業(yè)補(bǔ)貼法律制度探析[J];江蘇農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟(jì);2008年06期
相關(guān)博士學(xué)位論文 前3條
1 單一;WTO框架下補(bǔ)貼與反補(bǔ)貼法律制度研究[D];華東政法大學(xué);2007年
2 李曉玲;WTO框架下的農(nóng)業(yè)補(bǔ)貼紀(jì)律[D];華東政法大學(xué);2007年
3 劉亮亨;論發(fā)展中國家在WTO農(nóng)業(yè)補(bǔ)貼法律制度下之困境與對策[D];對外經(jīng)濟(jì)貿(mào)易大學(xué);2007年
相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前2條
1 李冬艷;WTO背景下中國農(nóng)產(chǎn)品補(bǔ)貼的經(jīng)濟(jì)效應(yīng)研究[D];吉林大學(xué);2009年
2 盧陽智;中國農(nóng)業(yè)補(bǔ)貼法律制度研究[D];重慶大學(xué);2009年
，本文編號：2185582
本文鏈接：http://sikaile.net/falvlunwen/guojifa/2185582.html
最近更新
教材專著
