【摘要】：水下文化遺產(chǎn)是古代人類智慧的結(jié)晶,是過(guò)去對(duì)現(xiàn)代的贈(zèng)禮,具有重要的歷史和考古價(jià)值。近年來(lái),隨著科技的不斷發(fā)展,人類對(duì)海洋資源開發(fā)利用越來(lái)越深入的同時(shí),水下文化遺產(chǎn)也遭受了各種威脅和破壞。如商業(yè)性開發(fā)和各種“無(wú)意中影響水下文化遺產(chǎn)的活動(dòng)”等,這引起了國(guó)際社會(huì)的普遍關(guān)注。為了更有效的保護(hù)世界水下文化遺產(chǎn),有關(guān)國(guó)家和國(guó)際組織在現(xiàn)有國(guó)際法的基礎(chǔ)上,積極推動(dòng)制定新公約,《保護(hù)水下文化遺產(chǎn)公約》便是在這種背景下產(chǎn)生的。2001年11月2日聯(lián)合國(guó)教科文組織(UNESCO)第31屆全體大會(huì)上正式通過(guò)了迄今為止第一份專門保護(hù)水下文化遺產(chǎn)的國(guó)際公約——《保護(hù)水下文化遺產(chǎn)公約》。公約的通過(guò)為國(guó)際社會(huì)保護(hù)水下文化遺產(chǎn)提供了法律依據(jù),有助于遏制日益猖獗的水下文化遺產(chǎn)走私。 中國(guó)作為世界上主要的水下文化遺產(chǎn)國(guó),一向關(guān)注對(duì)其的保護(hù),已于1989年10月20日正式頒布了《中華人民共和國(guó)水下文物保護(hù)管理?xiàng)l例》。但由于長(zhǎng)期沒(méi)有修訂,該《條例》已經(jīng)不能適應(yīng)實(shí)踐發(fā)展的需要,亟需參照相關(guān)國(guó)際公約予以完善。本文在寫作過(guò)程中列舉了不少的規(guī)范性法律證實(shí)所論述的觀點(diǎn)并舉例說(shuō)明,采用了例證研究方法；對(duì)水下文化遺產(chǎn)保護(hù)存在的問(wèn)題和提出解決建議時(shí)采用了分析與綜合的方法。文章共分引言、正文和結(jié)論三部分,正文部分由五章組成。第一章對(duì)了水下文化遺產(chǎn)做了一般性的分析,主要揭示其概念、一般特征及保護(hù)水下文化遺產(chǎn)的必要性；第二章從國(guó)際層面闡述了水下文化遺產(chǎn)保護(hù)的相關(guān)立法實(shí)踐,主要分析了1982年《聯(lián)合國(guó)海洋法公約》、1989年《國(guó)際救助公約》和2001年《保護(hù)水下文化遺產(chǎn)公約》；第三章介紹了水下文化遺產(chǎn)保護(hù)的爭(zhēng)議焦點(diǎn),主要從所有權(quán)爭(zhēng)議、管轄權(quán)爭(zhēng)議分析水下文化遺產(chǎn)的權(quán)屬及管轄；第四章從國(guó)際社會(huì)層面簡(jiǎn)單介紹如何完善水下文化遺產(chǎn)保護(hù),主要從完善水下文化遺產(chǎn)相關(guān)爭(zhēng)議的解決和2001年《公約》角度予以說(shuō)明；第五章結(jié)合我國(guó)水下文物現(xiàn)狀及相關(guān)立法淺談了如何完善立法、加強(qiáng)國(guó)際合作,保護(hù)我國(guó)水下文化遺產(chǎn)。
[Abstract]:Underwater cultural heritage is the crystallization of ancient human wisdom, is the gift of the past to modern, has important historical and archaeological value. In recent years, with the continuous development of science and technology, the exploitation and utilization of marine resources are becoming more and more in-depth. At the same time, underwater cultural heritage has been threatened and destroyed. For example, commercial exploitation and various activities that unintentionally affect underwater cultural heritage have aroused the widespread concern of the international community. In order to protect the underwater cultural heritage of the world more effectively, the States and international organizations concerned build on existing international law, It is against this background that the Convention for the Protection of the underwater Cultural Heritage has emerged. On November 2, 2001, the 31st (UNESCO) Plenary Conference of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) formally adopted the first special protection to date. International Convention for the Protection of underwater Cultural Heritage-Convention for the Protection of underwater Cultural Heritage. The adoption of the Convention provides a legal basis for the international community to protect underwater cultural heritage and helps to curb the increasingly rampant smuggling of underwater cultural heritage. As the main underwater cultural heritage country in the world, China has always paid attention to the protection of underwater cultural relics, and has officially promulgated the regulations of the people's Republic of China on the Protection of underwater Cultural relics on October 20, 1989. However, due to the lack of revision for a long time, the regulations can no longer meet the needs of the development of practice and need to be perfected with reference to relevant international conventions. In the course of writing, this paper enumerates many standardised points of view and illustrates by examples, adopts the method of illustrative research, and analyzes and synthesizes the problems existing in the protection of underwater cultural heritage and puts forward some suggestions for solving them. The article is divided into three parts: introduction, text and conclusion. The text is composed of five chapters. The first chapter makes a general analysis of underwater cultural heritage, mainly reveals its concept, general characteristics and the necessity of protecting underwater cultural heritage. Chapter two expounds the relevant legislative practice of underwater cultural heritage protection from the international level. This paper mainly analyzes the 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, the 1989 Convention on International Rescue and the 2001 Convention on the Protection of underwater Cultural Heritage. Chapter four briefly introduces how to perfect the protection of underwater cultural heritage from the aspect of international society. From the angle of perfecting the dispute settlement of underwater cultural heritage and the 2001 Convention, the fifth chapter briefly discusses how to perfect the legislation and strengthen the international cooperation by combining the present situation and related legislation of underwater cultural relics in our country. To protect our underwater cultural heritage.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：安徽財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：D993.5

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