我國適用《2006年海事勞工公約》研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-07-25 06:24
【摘要】：本文通過對《2006年海事勞工公約》(MLC 2006)國內外相關文獻的研究,結合我國的國情,對MCL 2006在我國適用遇到的現實困境進行分析并提出解決之道,為我國盡快地批準和更好地適用該公約提供參考借鑒。本文除引言和結論外,包括6部分。各部分主要內容如下：第1章從宏觀的層面概述了MCL 2006的制定背景,準確把握以往涉及船員勞動保障公約的局限,對比新公約的突出特點及改革創(chuàng)新之處,并結合目前公約締約國的批準情況,用比較的方法研究各公約批準國目前的批約和履約狀況,在此基礎上,重點闡述我國批準《2006年海事勞工公約》的必要性和可行性。第2章從國際公約國內適用的基本理論展開,研究我國適用MLC 2006的難點之一。自國際法誕生以來,國家在理論和實踐上有“服從國際法”的傾向,國際條約也可根據其自身的制度設計對非締約國產生強制約束力。此外,本章還分析了國際公約在國內適用的前提,討論國際公約在國內適用的方式,國際公約在我國的法律地位。針對國際公約在我國適用的現實情況,提出我國適用MLC 2006應當整合現有的立法和司法實踐,采取混合模式履行公約。第3章研究海事管理機構和其他部門履約職劃分問題,即我國適用MLC 2006的難點之二。針對海事管理機構和出入境檢驗檢疫部門分別按照國際公約和國內法規(guī),對船員健康及體檢證書問題進行管理,造成船員兩次健康檢查的現狀,認為應統(tǒng)一《海船船員健康證書》和《國際旅行健康檢查證明書》船員體檢項目,互認國際旅行衛(wèi)生保健中心和船員職業(yè)健康鑒定體檢機構,真正實現船員一次體檢、兩本證書；此外,基于政府職能劃分的“最優(yōu)結構”的理論以及行政法上“權責一致”原則,提出整合船員勞動監(jiān)察的實施主體,授予海事管理機構完整的監(jiān)察權限,人社部門負責歸口指導。最終實現減少職責交叉、提高工作效率,更好地服務船員、服務海運業(yè)。第4章解決適用公約的難點三,即協(xié)調船員就業(yè)法律關系。全面分析船員勞務派遣、勞動關系與勞務關系,船員與船員管理公司、船員與船舶所有人之間的關系,船員對外勞務派遣關系及面臨的問題,并從厘清船員勞務外派法律關系、完善船員勞動關系集體協(xié)商立法等方面提出完善船員勞動關系立法的對策方案。在此基礎上,分析船員招募與安置機構現狀,并提出了完善船員招募與安置機構監(jiān)督管理的措施。第5章解決適用公約的難點四,即完善船員社會保障制度。通過調查發(fā)現我國沒有單獨為船員制定社會保障的法律法規(guī),缺乏針對船員特殊性而設立的法律制度,導致船員社會保障在社會保險、社會福利、社會救助等主要方面存在諸多問題。本文強調應按照有利于船員權益維護的原則來解決,并從加強船員社會保障立法、充分發(fā)揮工會組織維權作用、落實為自由船員繳納社會保險單位、完善船員岸上福利設施、健全船員社會救濟制度及途徑等方面,落實完善船員的社會保障。第6章解決適用公約的難點五,即建立船員勞動爭議解決機制。立足于我國復雜的船員就業(yè)法律關系,分析船員勞動爭議處理機制存在的現實問題,結合MLC2006對船員勞動爭議解決的要求,提出設立專門的勞動爭議審判庭等完善我國船員勞動爭議處理機制的對策。
[Abstract]:In this paper, through the study of the relevant documents at home and abroad of the <2006 Maritime Labour Convention (MLC 2006) and the national conditions of our country, this paper analyzes and puts forward the solution to the practical predicament of the application of MCL 2006 in our country, and provides reference for our country to approve and better apply the Convention as soon as possible. Besides the introduction and conclusion, this article includes 6 parts. The main contents of each part are as follows: the first chapter outlines the setting of the MCL 2006 from the macro level, accurately grasps the limitations of the previous convention involving the labor security of the crew, contrasts the outstanding features and innovation of the new convention, and studies the ratification of the ratifications of the various conventions in comparison with the ratification of the Contracting States of the present Convention. On the basis of the situation of contract and performance, the necessity and feasibility of the approval of China's Maritime Labour Convention for <2006 is emphasized. The second chapter is one of the difficulties in the study of China's application of MLC 2006 from the basic theories of international conventions. Since the birth of international law, the state has a tendency to "obey international law" in theory and practice. In addition, this chapter also analyzes the premise of the application of international conventions in China, and discusses the applicable ways of international conventions in China, the legal status of international conventions in our country, and the application of international conventions in our country, and puts forward the application of MLC 2006 in China. We should integrate the existing legislative and judicial practice and adopt a mixed mode to perform the Convention. The third chapter studies the classification of the performance of the maritime administration and other departments, that is, two of the difficulties in the application of MLC 2006 in our country. The health and physical examination of the crew in accordance with the international conventions and domestic laws and regulations of the maritime administration and the entry and exit inspection and quarantine departments, respectively. The management of the certificate issues resulted in the status of the two health inspection of the crew. It considered that the health certificate of seafarers and the health inspection certificate of the international travel health inspection certificate should be unified and the international travel health care center and the seafarer's occupational health identification physical examination institutions should be recognized, and the seaman's physical examination and two certificates were realized. The theory of "optimal structure" of the division of government functions and the principle of "power and responsibility agreement" in administrative law, put forward to integrate the main body of the crew's labor supervision, grant the complete supervisory authority of the maritime administrative organization, and the human society department is responsible for the guidance. Finally, it can reduce the crossing of the duties, improve the work efficiency, and serve the crew better and serve the sea. The fourth chapter is to solve the difficulties in the application of the Convention, namely, to coordinate the legal relationship between the crew and the crew. It is a comprehensive analysis of the crew's labor dispatch, the labor relations and labor relations, the crew and the crew management company, the relationship between the crew and the ship owners, the relationship between the crew and the crew, and the legal relations between the crew and the crew. On the basis of this, the present situation of the crew recruitment and resettlement institutions is analyzed and the measures to improve the supervision and management of the crew recruitment and resettlement institutions are put forward on this basis. The fifth chapter is to solve the difficulties in the application of the Convention, which is to improve the social security system of the crew. After the investigation, we found that there are no laws and regulations for the crew to make social security alone, and lack of legal system for the particularity of the crew. There are many problems in social security, social welfare and social assistance. This article emphasizes that the principle of protecting the rights and interests of the crew should be solved, and this article emphasizes that the principle of protecting the rights and interests of the crew should be solved. From strengthening the social security legislation of the crew, giving full play to the rights of the union organization, implementing the social insurance units for the free crew, perfecting the seafarer's shore welfare facilities, perfecting the social relief system and ways of the crew, the social security of the crew is perfected. The sixth chapter solves the difficulty of the application of the Convention, namely, to establish the dispute solution of the crew's labor dispute. Based on the complicated legal relations of the crew employment in our country, this paper analyzes the practical problems in the handling mechanism of the crew's labor dispute, and puts forward the Countermeasures of establishing a special labor dispute trial court to improve the handling mechanism of the labor dispute of our crew, combining with the requirements of the MLC2006 for the settlement of the labor dispute of the crew.
【學位授予單位】：大連海事大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：D998.2
本文編號：2142919
[Abstract]:In this paper, through the study of the relevant documents at home and abroad of the <2006 Maritime Labour Convention (MLC 2006) and the national conditions of our country, this paper analyzes and puts forward the solution to the practical predicament of the application of MCL 2006 in our country, and provides reference for our country to approve and better apply the Convention as soon as possible. Besides the introduction and conclusion, this article includes 6 parts. The main contents of each part are as follows: the first chapter outlines the setting of the MCL 2006 from the macro level, accurately grasps the limitations of the previous convention involving the labor security of the crew, contrasts the outstanding features and innovation of the new convention, and studies the ratification of the ratifications of the various conventions in comparison with the ratification of the Contracting States of the present Convention. On the basis of the situation of contract and performance, the necessity and feasibility of the approval of China's Maritime Labour Convention for <2006 is emphasized. The second chapter is one of the difficulties in the study of China's application of MLC 2006 from the basic theories of international conventions. Since the birth of international law, the state has a tendency to "obey international law" in theory and practice. In addition, this chapter also analyzes the premise of the application of international conventions in China, and discusses the applicable ways of international conventions in China, the legal status of international conventions in our country, and the application of international conventions in our country, and puts forward the application of MLC 2006 in China. We should integrate the existing legislative and judicial practice and adopt a mixed mode to perform the Convention. The third chapter studies the classification of the performance of the maritime administration and other departments, that is, two of the difficulties in the application of MLC 2006 in our country. The health and physical examination of the crew in accordance with the international conventions and domestic laws and regulations of the maritime administration and the entry and exit inspection and quarantine departments, respectively. The management of the certificate issues resulted in the status of the two health inspection of the crew. It considered that the health certificate of seafarers and the health inspection certificate of the international travel health inspection certificate should be unified and the international travel health care center and the seafarer's occupational health identification physical examination institutions should be recognized, and the seaman's physical examination and two certificates were realized. The theory of "optimal structure" of the division of government functions and the principle of "power and responsibility agreement" in administrative law, put forward to integrate the main body of the crew's labor supervision, grant the complete supervisory authority of the maritime administrative organization, and the human society department is responsible for the guidance. Finally, it can reduce the crossing of the duties, improve the work efficiency, and serve the crew better and serve the sea. The fourth chapter is to solve the difficulties in the application of the Convention, namely, to coordinate the legal relationship between the crew and the crew. It is a comprehensive analysis of the crew's labor dispatch, the labor relations and labor relations, the crew and the crew management company, the relationship between the crew and the ship owners, the relationship between the crew and the crew, and the legal relations between the crew and the crew. On the basis of this, the present situation of the crew recruitment and resettlement institutions is analyzed and the measures to improve the supervision and management of the crew recruitment and resettlement institutions are put forward on this basis. The fifth chapter is to solve the difficulties in the application of the Convention, which is to improve the social security system of the crew. After the investigation, we found that there are no laws and regulations for the crew to make social security alone, and lack of legal system for the particularity of the crew. There are many problems in social security, social welfare and social assistance. This article emphasizes that the principle of protecting the rights and interests of the crew should be solved, and this article emphasizes that the principle of protecting the rights and interests of the crew should be solved. From strengthening the social security legislation of the crew, giving full play to the rights of the union organization, implementing the social insurance units for the free crew, perfecting the seafarer's shore welfare facilities, perfecting the social relief system and ways of the crew, the social security of the crew is perfected. The sixth chapter solves the difficulty of the application of the Convention, namely, to establish the dispute solution of the crew's labor dispute. Based on the complicated legal relations of the crew employment in our country, this paper analyzes the practical problems in the handling mechanism of the crew's labor dispute, and puts forward the Countermeasures of establishing a special labor dispute trial court to improve the handling mechanism of the labor dispute of our crew, combining with the requirements of the MLC2006 for the settlement of the labor dispute of the crew.
【學位授予單位】：大連海事大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：D998.2
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