【摘要】：20世紀80年代以后，非政府間國際組織隨著經(jīng)濟全球化的不斷深入發(fā)展而在國際社會上異軍突起，它們以驚人的速度在數(shù)量上、規(guī)模上以及影響力上急速發(fā)展。非政府間國際組織出現(xiàn)在國際舞臺后就給國際社會生活的方方面面帶來影響，比如它們在跨國性的人權(quán)保護問題、環(huán)境保護問題、疾病防控問題、勞工問題、婦女人口的教育問題、扶貧救濟問題及軍控、體育方面的相關(guān)問題都發(fā)揮了積極作用。但對于非政府間國際組織的法律地位，國際法學界并沒有形成統(tǒng)一的意見，國際社會沒有形成普遍性的國際公約對其法律地位進行規(guī)定。因而，對非政府間國際組織的法律地位進行研究就顯得十分必要，這對于它們更積極地參與國際事務、在國際社會發(fā)揮重要作用具有十分重要的意義。本文將結(jié)合非政府間國際組織在國際社會的理論與實踐兩個方面來探討非政府間國際組織的法律地位，全文分為四個部分。 第一部分是非政府間國際組織概述，從概念、產(chǎn)生的背景、特征三方面來進行論述。首先，就概念而言，無論是法律學者還是相關(guān)公約、國際法律文件都沒有形成統(tǒng)一意見，本文主要是從聯(lián)合國體系內(nèi)和聯(lián)合國體系外兩方面的相關(guān)公約以及文件來對非政府間國際組織的概念進行論述，然后論述自己的觀點。其次，就非政府間國際組織產(chǎn)生的背景來看，涉及到西方“市民社會”知識話語體系的思想散播、全球性問題的出現(xiàn)、填補國際體制“民主赤字”的企求及通訊技術(shù)革命的興起四個方面。第三，非政府間國際組織具有其自身的特征，包括獨立性、公益性、組織性、非營利性及合法性。 第二部分論述了國際上關(guān)于非政府間國際組織法律地位的三種紛爭，包括認為其不具有國際法主體資格的否定說、認為有限具有國際法主體資格的有限肯定說以及功能性身份說。否定說認為只有國家有完全的法律人格，非政府間國際組織無論怎樣發(fā)展都不能成為國際法的主體；有限肯定說認為一些非政府間國際組織在一定限度與條件下是具有國際法主體資格的；功能性身份說從非政府間國際組織對國際法的制定與國際法的實施的實際作用方面對它們的法律地位來進行實證的分析。 第三部分研究非政府間國際組織的法律地位在國際社會的體現(xiàn)，是本文的重點，分為四個方面。首先，從相關(guān)國際公約入手，，論述非政府間國際組織法律地位在國際公約中的體現(xiàn)；其次，通過非政府間國際組織參與國際司法實踐的大量實例來分析它們作為當事方與非當事方參與國際司法和準司法機構(gòu)；再次，分析非政府間國際組織和政府間國際組織之間的合作狀況；最后，分析其在國際會議中的參與情況。 第四部分預測了非政府間國際組織法律地位的發(fā)展趨勢。通過政府間國際組織形成其當下法律地位的啟示，認為國際法主體是發(fā)展的，非政府間國際組織獲得其法律地位是肯定的；通過其法律地位的國際立法嘗試的相關(guān)經(jīng)驗的總結(jié)，認為制定普遍性國際公約來確定其法律地位是值得期待的；通過分析最后認為伴隨著國際社會的發(fā)展，非政府間國際組織獲得的法律地位必然是享有國際法主體資格。
[Abstract]:After 1980s, with the deepening development of the economic globalization, the non-governmental international organizations have developed rapidly in the international community. They have developed rapidly in quantity, scale and influence at an astonishing speed. The non-governmental international organizations have brought influence on all aspects of the international community after the emergence of the international organization. For example, they have played an active role in the issues of transnational human rights protection, environmental protection, disease prevention and control, labor problems, the education of women's population, poverty relief and military control, and sports related issues. However, the legal status of non-governmental international organizations has not formed a unified meaning in the international law community. See, the international community has not formed a universal international convention to stipulate its legal status. Therefore, it is very necessary to study the legal status of non-governmental international organizations, which is of great significance for them to participate more actively in international affairs and play an important role in the international community. This article will be combined with non-governmental organizations. In the two aspects of the theory and practice of the international community, the international organizations discuss the legal status of the non-governmental international organizations. The full text is divided into four parts.
The first part is an overview of intergovernmental international organizations, which are discussed from three aspects: concept, background and characteristics. First, there are no unified opinions on the international legal documents, whether they are legal scholars or relevant conventions, and this article is mainly from the two related conventions within the United Nations system and the United Nations system, as well as the relevant conventions. The paper discusses the concepts of non-governmental international organizations and then discusses their views. Secondly, it involves the spread of the knowledge discourse system of the "civil society" in the west, the emergence of the global problems, the demand for the "democratic deficit" of the Intergovernmental system and the technological revolution of communication on the background of the non-governmental international organizations. Four aspects of the rise of life. Third, intergovernmental international organizations have their own characteristics, including independence, public welfare, organization, non-profit and legitimacy.
The second part discusses three disputes about the legal status of non-governmental international organizations, including the negative theory that it does not have the subject qualification of international law, the limited affirmative theory and the functional identity that are limited with the subject qualification of international law. No matter how the organization develops, it can not be the main body of international law; it is limited to say that some non-governmental international organizations are subject to international law under certain limits and conditions; functional identity is the law of the non governmental international organizations on the practical role of international law and the implementation of international law. An empirical analysis of the status of the law.
The third part studies the embodiment of the legal status of non-governmental international organizations in the international community. It is the focus of this article and is divided into four aspects. First, from the relevant international conventions, it discusses the embodiment of the legal status of non-governmental international organizations in the international conventions; secondly, a large number of non governmental international organizations participate in international judicial practice. Examples are given to analyze their participation as parties and non parties involved in international judicial and quasi judicial institutions, and again, to analyze the cooperation between non-governmental international organizations and intergovernmental international organizations; and finally, to analyze their participation in international conferences.
The fourth part predicts the development trend of the legal status of intergovernmental international organizations. Through the revelation of the present legal status of intergovernmental international organizations, it is believed that the subject of international law is developed and the non intergovernmental international organizations are affirmed by the legal status of the intergovernmental international organizations; and the relevant experience of the international legislative attempt by its legal position is summed up, It is believed that it is worthwhile to establish a universal international convention to determine its legal status. Through the analysis, the legal status obtained by the non-governmental international organizations is bound to be the subject of international law as a result of the development of the international community.
【學位授予單位】：西南政法大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：D993.9

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