【摘要】：國(guó)家豁免是現(xiàn)代國(guó)際法上最重要、最復(fù)雜,也是最現(xiàn)實(shí)的問(wèn)題之一。當(dāng)國(guó)家在外國(guó)被控訴時(shí),它是否能成功地主張國(guó)家豁免而免于外國(guó)法院的管轄,關(guān)系到國(guó)家的重大利益,涉及國(guó)家主權(quán)平等這一根本性的國(guó)際法原則,對(duì)于法律實(shí)踐、政府機(jī)關(guān)和私人企業(yè)都有很深遠(yuǎn)的意義與影響。隨著各國(guó)對(duì)外貿(mào)易的日趨深化,它的重要現(xiàn)實(shí)意義將會(huì)更清晰地顯示出來(lái)。 本文以國(guó)家豁免為研究對(duì)象,從國(guó)際法基本理論的角度出發(fā),探討了國(guó)家豁免的概念、依據(jù)、理論和實(shí)踐,并對(duì)國(guó)家豁免范圍領(lǐng)域內(nèi)的典型問(wèn)題一主體及例外進(jìn)行了深入細(xì)致的論述,對(duì)我國(guó)管轄豁免的政策、實(shí)踐和發(fā)展作了分析與展望。本文分為五個(gè)部分,第一部分是對(duì)國(guó)家豁免的概述,重點(diǎn)研究了國(guó)家豁免的概念和理論依據(jù)。第二部分著重研究了國(guó)家豁免范圍的傳統(tǒng)理論和實(shí)踐。首先作者采取歷史研究和比較研究并重的方法,分析并評(píng)述了絕對(duì)豁免論和限制豁免產(chǎn)生的原因、背景并對(duì)它們予以評(píng)述。其次作者介紹了主要西方國(guó)家關(guān)于國(guó)家豁免的實(shí)踐,運(yùn)用比較的方法探討了主要西方國(guó)家關(guān)于國(guó)家豁免的實(shí)踐,分析的重點(diǎn)是主要西方國(guó)家法院判決、外交聲明和學(xué)者的意見(jiàn)。第三部分主要研究國(guó)家豁免的主體。國(guó)家是享有國(guó)家豁免的主體,但是在國(guó)家豁免的領(lǐng)域內(nèi),國(guó)家的概念有所延伸,國(guó)家范圍的大小成為倍受關(guān)注的核心問(wèn)題,因?yàn)閲?guó)家的實(shí)際行為往往通過(guò)政府部門(mén)、元首、君主或外交代表等的行為表現(xiàn)出來(lái),國(guó)家本身并不從事任何活動(dòng)。所以,研究國(guó)家豁免的主體問(wèn)題具有非�，F(xiàn)實(shí)的意義。作者通過(guò)比較研究英美等國(guó)的國(guó)家豁免法和審判實(shí)踐以及《聯(lián)合國(guó)國(guó)家及其財(cái)產(chǎn)管轄豁免公約》的規(guī)定,重點(diǎn)研究哪些個(gè)人和組織可以代表國(guó)家或經(jīng)由國(guó)家授權(quán)從事“公”行為從而可以主張管轄豁免。第四部分作者研究了國(guó)家豁免例外的幾個(gè)典型問(wèn)題。作者選擇了商業(yè)交易和人身傷害和財(cái)產(chǎn)損害這兩種國(guó)家豁免的主要例外作為重點(diǎn)研究對(duì)象。第五部分論述了我國(guó)在國(guó)家豁免問(wèn)題上的實(shí)踐、發(fā)展趨勢(shì)和對(duì)策。我國(guó)應(yīng)適用世界的發(fā)展趨勢(shì),采用限制豁免論,盡快制定我國(guó)的《國(guó)家豁免法》。 最后在結(jié)論部分總結(jié)了本文的主要內(nèi)容。國(guó)家豁免問(wèn)題仍然處在不斷發(fā)展的過(guò)程中,在這一問(wèn)題上,中國(guó)應(yīng)當(dāng)解決好原則性和靈活性的關(guān)系,即既要堅(jiān)持國(guó)家豁免這一國(guó)際法原則,推動(dòng)關(guān)于國(guó)家豁免的普遍性國(guó)際公約的發(fā)展,又要在實(shí)際的國(guó)際民商事活動(dòng)中采取靈活多樣的措施來(lái)協(xié)調(diào)這個(gè)問(wèn)題上同其它國(guó)家及其自然人或法人的利害沖突,從而做到既能在國(guó)際民商事交往中保護(hù)我國(guó)的主權(quán)利益,又能促進(jìn)我國(guó)對(duì)外民商事關(guān)系順利發(fā)展。
[Abstract]:State immunity is one of the most important, most complex and most realistic issues in modern international law. When a state is accused in a foreign country, whether it can successfully host a state exemption from the jurisdiction of a foreign court is related to the great interests of the state, the fundamental principle of international law involving the national sovereignty and equality, the practice of law, and the government. Both organs and private enterprises have far-reaching significance and influence. With the deepening of foreign trade, their important practical significance will be displayed more clearly.
This paper, taking the state immunity as the research object, discusses the concept, basis, theory and practice of state immunity from the perspective of the basic theories of international law, and makes an in-depth and detailed exposition of the typical subjects and exceptions in the domain of the scope of state immunity, and analyzes and prospects the policy, practice and development of China's jurisdictional immunity. The article is divided into five parts. The first part is an overview of state immunity, focusing on the concept and theoretical basis of state immunity. The second part focuses on the study of the traditional theory and practice of the scope of state immunity. First, the author adopts the method of historical research and comparative study to analyze and comment on the absolute immunity theory and restriction exemptions. Secondly, the author introduces the practice of state immunity in the main western countries and discusses the practice of state immunity in the main western countries by means of comparative methods. The emphasis of the analysis is on the court judgments, diplomatic statements and the opinions of scholars in the main western countries. The third part mainly studies the national immunity. The state is the subject of the exemption. But in the field of state immunity, the concept of the state has been extended, and the size of the state has become the core issue of concern, because the actual behavior of the state is often expressed through the acts of the government, the head of state, the monarch, or the diplomatic representative, and the state itself is not engaged in the task. Therefore, it is of great practical significance to study the subject of state immunity. By comparing the state immunity law and trial practice of the United States and the United Nations and the provisions of the Convention on immunity of the United Nations and its property jurisdiction, the author focuses on which individuals and organizations can represent the state or engage in "public" by state authorization. In the fourth part, the author studies several typical problems of the exception of state immunity. The author chooses the main exceptions of the two national exemptions as commercial transactions and personal injury and property damage. The fifth part discusses the practice, development trend and the trend of China's exemption from the state. China should apply the development trend of the world, adopt the theory of restrictive immunity, and formulate our national immunity law as soon as possible.
Finally, the main content of this article is summed up in the concluding part. The issue of state immunity is still in the process of continuous development. On this issue, China should solve the relationship of principle and flexibility, that is, we should adhere to the principle of international law and promote the development of universal international convention on state immunity, and it should also be true. In international civil and commercial activities, flexible and diverse measures are adopted to coordinate the conflicts with other countries and their natural or legal persons on this issue, so as to protect the sovereignty interests of our country in the international civil and commercial exchanges, and to promote the cis - profit development of our country's civil and commercial relations.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：復(fù)旦大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：D99

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本文編號(hào)：2129883