本文選題：法官知法原則 + 國(guó)際商事仲裁�。� 參考：《華東政法大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文

【摘要】：法官知法原則是民法法系國(guó)家民事訴訟制度的基本原則，雖然不同國(guó)家對(duì)此原則的具體理解與適用不完全相同，但各國(guó)法律均認(rèn)同此原則解決的核心問題是在法官與當(dāng)事人之間分配了法律適用的責(zé)任，法官有義務(wù)掌握適用本國(guó)法律并且有權(quán)力查明適用外國(guó)法律，當(dāng)事人僅可在一定程度內(nèi)對(duì)法律適用進(jìn)行干涉，在民事訴訟程序中，此原則既涉及國(guó)內(nèi)法的適用，亦涉及外國(guó)法查明制度。 然而，國(guó)際商事仲裁具有超國(guó)家性，國(guó)際商事仲裁庭沒有國(guó)籍，“國(guó)內(nèi)法”與“外國(guó)法”這一概念在國(guó)際商事仲裁中之中根本不存在，仲裁庭所在地國(guó)家法律不可當(dāng)然成為準(zhǔn)據(jù)法，因此仲裁庭在查明準(zhǔn)據(jù)法過程中并不能當(dāng)然適用仲裁庭所在地國(guó)家法律中的外國(guó)法查明制度，仲裁庭應(yīng)當(dāng)適用獨(dú)立程序規(guī)則查明并適用準(zhǔn)據(jù)法。比照法官知法原則在民事訴訟制度之中存在的意義，若國(guó)家立法將法官知法原則適用于仲裁庭查明并適用準(zhǔn)據(jù)法的程序規(guī)則之中，亦可保證法律公平正確適用、促進(jìn)法律發(fā)展。 仲裁權(quán)本質(zhì)上是混合性司法權(quán)，其具有契約性與自治性特點(diǎn)，若仲裁庭被賦予了強(qiáng)制適用法官知法原則的義務(wù)，意味著無論當(dāng)事人雙方的仲裁協(xié)議如何約定，，仲裁庭均須獨(dú)立查明并適用準(zhǔn)據(jù)法，這與仲裁權(quán)的契約性以及自治性特點(diǎn)相沖突。另外，仲裁庭強(qiáng)制適用法官知法原則將在實(shí)踐中給仲裁程序帶來多方面的消極影響，例如仲裁員任職資格的寬松性導(dǎo)致強(qiáng)制仲裁庭在任何一個(gè)案件中均獨(dú)立查明適用準(zhǔn)據(jù)法在客觀上具有難度，必將極大增加仲裁成本。在此情形下，權(quán)衡正確適用法律、公平適用法律以及促進(jìn)法律發(fā)展這三方面積極意義與其消極影響，強(qiáng)制適用法官知法原則之積極意義并不足以抵消其消極影響，因此，強(qiáng)制適用法官知法原則于國(guó)際商事仲裁之中并不合適。 退一步而言，若國(guó)家立法僅賦予仲裁庭獨(dú)立查明并適用準(zhǔn)據(jù)法的權(quán)力，即法官知法原則僅可作為仲裁庭權(quán)力，適用于仲裁程序之中，仲裁庭可根據(jù)案件具體情況，自由決定是否在案件中獨(dú)立查明并適用準(zhǔn)據(jù)法，是否要獨(dú)立于當(dāng)事人提交的法律觀點(diǎn)之外提出新的法律觀點(diǎn)，這就在很大程度上消除了強(qiáng)制適用法官知法原則給仲裁程序帶來的消極影響，在此情形下，適用法律、公平適用法律以及促進(jìn)法律發(fā)展已構(gòu)成足夠理由，支持國(guó)家立法，將此原則作為仲裁庭權(quán)力，適用于仲裁程序之中。 仲裁庭有權(quán)力在仲裁程序中適用法官知法原則，意味著仲裁員有權(quán)查明并適用準(zhǔn)據(jù)法，在獨(dú)立于當(dāng)事人提交的法律觀點(diǎn)范圍之外，提出新的法律觀點(diǎn)并適用于裁決之中。這從另一方面而言，增加了仲裁裁決被當(dāng)事人提出異議的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。仲裁庭需要遵守正當(dāng)程序原則，包括保持仲裁庭的中立性、保證當(dāng)事人的聽審權(quán)，以保證仲裁裁決的終局性。
[Abstract]:The principle that judges know the law is the basic principle of civil action system in civil law countries, although different countries do not have the same concrete understanding and application of this principle. However, the core issue addressed by this principle, which is recognized in the law of all States, is the allocation of responsibility for the application of the law between the judges and the parties, the obligation of the judge to have control of the applicable domestic law and the power to identify the applicable foreign law, The parties may only interfere with the application of the law to a certain extent. In civil proceedings, this principle involves both the application of domestic law and the system of ascertaining foreign law. However, international commercial arbitration is supranational, the international commercial arbitration tribunal has no nationality, and the concepts of "domestic law" and "foreign law" do not exist in international commercial arbitration. The national law of the seat of the arbitral tribunal may not, of course, become the applicable law, so that the arbitral tribunal cannot, in ascertaining the applicable law, apply ex officio the foreign law identification system in the national law of the seat of the arbitral tribunal, The arbitral tribunal shall apply the rules of independent procedure to identify and apply applicable law. Comparing with the significance of the principle of judge knowing law in the civil litigation system, if the national legislation applies the principle of judge knowing law to the procedural rules of the arbitration tribunal to identify and apply the applicable law, it can also guarantee the fair and correct application of the law and promote the development of the law. The arbitration right is essentially a mixed judicial power, which has the characteristics of contract and autonomy. If the arbitral tribunal is given the obligation to enforce the principle of knowing the law of the judge, it means that no matter how the parties agree on the arbitration agreement, Arbitral tribunals must independently identify and apply applicable law, which conflicts with the contractual and autonomous character of the right of arbitration. In addition, the arbitral tribunal's mandatory application of the principle of the judge's knowledge of law will have many negative effects on the arbitration proceedings in practice. For example, the leniency of arbitrators' qualifications makes it difficult for the arbitral tribunal to find out the applicable law independently in any case, which will increase the arbitration cost greatly. In this case, the balance between the positive significance of the correct application of the law, the fair application of the law and the promotion of the development of the law, and its negative effects, the positive significance of the compulsory application of the principle of the judge knowing the law is not enough to offset its negative impact. It is not appropriate to enforce the principle of judge's knowing law in international commercial arbitration. If, in retrospect, national legislation only gives the arbitral tribunal the power to independently identify and apply applicable law, that is, the principle of the judge's knowledge of the law may be applied only as the power of the arbitral tribunal in the arbitral proceedings, and the arbitral tribunal may, depending on the circumstances of the case, Free to decide whether to independently identify and apply the applicable law in a case, and whether to present a new legal opinion independently of the point of view submitted by the parties, This, to a large extent, eliminates the negative impact on arbitration proceedings of the mandatory application of the principle that judges know the law, in which case the application of the law, the equitable application of the law and the promotion of the development of the law constitute sufficient grounds to support national legislation, This principle shall apply to the arbitral proceedings as the power of the arbitral tribunal. The power of the arbitral tribunal to apply the principle of justiciability in the arbitral proceedings means that the arbitrator has the power to identify and apply applicable law, to present new points of law and to apply them to the award, independent of the point of view submitted by the parties. This, on the other hand, increases the risk that the arbitral award will be challenged by the parties. The arbitral tribunal is required to abide by the principle of due process, including maintaining the neutrality of the arbitral tribunal and the right of the parties to be heard, in order to ensure the finality of the arbitral award.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華東政法大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：D997.4

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前2條

1 徐鵬;;外國(guó)法查明:規(guī)則借鑒中的思考——以德國(guó)外國(guó)法查明制度為參照[J];比較法研究;2007年02期

2 李旺;涉外案件所適用的外國(guó)法的查明方法初探[J];政法論壇;2003年01期

本文編號(hào)：2108361