本文選題：核事故 + 核電產(chǎn)業(yè)��； 參考：《南京工業(yè)大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文

【摘要】：2011年3月日本福島第一核電站事故爆發(fā)后，核能在各國(guó)的前景截然不同。德國(guó)、瑞士、比利時(shí)等核電發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家陸續(xù)宣布放棄核電，而英國(guó)、俄羅斯、印尼等國(guó)還是力挺核能。目前，我國(guó)在建核反應(yīng)堆的數(shù)量約占全球在建總數(shù)的40％，發(fā)展核電是未來(lái)中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)可持續(xù)發(fā)展的命脈。盡管政府在2011年3月份宣布會(huì)暫停審批新的核電項(xiàng)目，但國(guó)家發(fā)改委在目前公布的《產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整指導(dǎo)目錄》中依然保留了“鼓勵(lì)核電站建設(shè)”的字樣，相關(guān)官員也表示說(shuō)原定于2015年實(shí)現(xiàn)4000萬(wàn)千瓦裝機(jī)的計(jì)劃目標(biāo)不會(huì)改變。所以，對(duì)于我國(guó)來(lái)說(shuō)，核能的利用前景依然廣闊，但核電利用的安全性必須重新被重視，完善核事故應(yīng)急機(jī)制顯得尤為必要。 幾十年來(lái)，我國(guó)正在形成一套相對(duì)完整的核設(shè)施安全管理的法律、法規(guī)、條例、辦法、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)體系，但不管是在核電產(chǎn)業(yè)的高速發(fā)展時(shí)期，還是如今的謹(jǐn)慎發(fā)展時(shí)期，都要高度重視核電廠的安全建設(shè)和安全管理。我國(guó)核電事業(yè)必須認(rèn)真對(duì)待兩個(gè)問題：①怎樣更好地防范核事故，②核電廠一旦發(fā)生事故，如何及時(shí)有效地應(yīng)對(duì)。然而，我國(guó)的核事故應(yīng)急機(jī)制仍然存在一些不足，這對(duì)核電產(chǎn)業(yè)的發(fā)展十分不利。因此，只有將我國(guó)現(xiàn)行的核事故應(yīng)急機(jī)制不斷完善，做好充分準(zhǔn)備工作，才能杜絕事故的發(fā)生或減輕事故的影響，這也是本文選題的緣由。 本文的研究?jī)?nèi)容除了導(dǎo)言和結(jié)語(yǔ)外，一共分為四個(gè)章節(jié)： 第一章：核事故應(yīng)急機(jī)制的概述。該章節(jié)首先介紹了什么是核事故及核事故的劃分等級(jí)。其次，對(duì)核事故應(yīng)急機(jī)制的組成部分和功能予以闡述，明確本文研究的概念性范疇；同時(shí)，通過(guò)三大核事故（美國(guó)的三哩島核事故、前蘇聯(lián)的切爾諾貝利核事故、日本的福島第一核電站事故）分析它們?cè)诤耸鹿蕬?yīng)急機(jī)制方面存在的問題。最后，指出完善我國(guó)核事故應(yīng)急機(jī)制的緊迫性。 第二章：國(guó)內(nèi)外有關(guān)核事故應(yīng)急機(jī)制的法律規(guī)定。分別對(duì)我國(guó)的和國(guó)外幾個(gè)核電發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家中有關(guān)核事故應(yīng)急的現(xiàn)有規(guī)定進(jìn)行介紹。對(duì)我國(guó)的法律規(guī)制情況是從法律的效力等級(jí)上一一闡述，對(duì)國(guó)外的情況則分析了應(yīng)當(dāng)獲得的啟示。 第三章：我國(guó)核事故應(yīng)急機(jī)制的不足之處。指出我國(guó)現(xiàn)行的核事故應(yīng)急機(jī)制存在四個(gè)方面的不足之處：其一，許可審批規(guī)定不全面；其二，，未切實(shí)落實(shí)公眾信息溝通；其三，核應(yīng)急能力不足；其四，未規(guī)范核損害賠償問題。 第四章：完善我國(guó)核事故應(yīng)急機(jī)制的建議。針對(duì)第三章中提出的我國(guó)現(xiàn)有核事故應(yīng)急機(jī)制的不足之處，提出完善性建議：第一，細(xì)化審批許可項(xiàng)目；第二，切實(shí)落實(shí)公眾信息溝通；第三，加大核應(yīng)急監(jiān)管力度；第四，完善核應(yīng)急管理工作；第五，明確核損害賠償責(zé)任問題。
[Abstract]:After the Fukushima Daiichi accident in Japan in March 2011, the outlook for nuclear power in various countries was very different. Developed countries such as Germany, Switzerland and Belgium have successively abandoned nuclear power, while Britain, Russia, Indonesia and other countries still support nuclear power. At present, the number of nuclear reactors under construction in China accounts for about 40% of the total number of nuclear reactors under construction in the world. The development of nuclear power is the lifeblood of China's economic sustainable development in the future. Although the government announced in March 2011 that it would suspend approval of new nuclear power projects, the National Development and Reform Commission retained the words "encourage the construction of nuclear power plants" in the "guidelines for Industrial restructuring", currently published by the National Development and Reform Commission. Officials also said the planned target of 4000 kilowatts of capacity by 2015 would not change. Therefore, for our country, the prospect of nuclear energy utilization is still broad, but the safety of nuclear power utilization must be re-valued, so it is necessary to perfect the emergency mechanism of nuclear accident. Over the past few decades, China has been developing a relatively complete set of laws, regulations, methods and standards for the safety management of nuclear facilities. However, whether in the period of rapid development of the nuclear power industry or in the current period of prudent development, We should attach great importance to the safety construction and safety management of nuclear power plants. China's nuclear power industry must seriously take two questions: 1 how to better prevent the nuclear accident in the event of an accident in the nuclear power plant, how to deal with it in a timely and effective manner. However, there are still some deficiencies in China's nuclear accident emergency mechanism, which is unfavorable to the development of nuclear power industry. Therefore, only by perfecting the existing emergency mechanism of nuclear accident in our country and making adequate preparations can the accident be stopped or the influence of accident can be mitigated. This is also the reason for this article to choose this topic. In addition to the introduction and conclusion, the research content of this paper is divided into four chapters: the first chapter: an overview of the nuclear accident emergency mechanism. The chapter first introduces what is a nuclear accident and the classification of a nuclear accident. Secondly, the components and functions of the emergency mechanism for nuclear accidents are expounded, and the conceptual scope of this study is clarified. At the same time, through the three major nuclear accidents (the three Mile Island nuclear accident in the United States, the Chernobyl nuclear accident in the former Soviet Union), Japan's Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant accident) analysis of their nuclear accident emergency mechanism problems. Finally, the urgency of perfecting the emergency mechanism of nuclear accident in China is pointed out. Chapter II: the domestic and foreign legal provisions on the nuclear accident emergency mechanism. This paper introduces the existing regulations of nuclear accident emergency in our country and several developed countries. The legal regulation of our country is elaborated from the legal effect level, and the enlightenment to the foreign situation is analyzed. Chapter three: the deficiency of emergency mechanism of nuclear accident in China. It is pointed out that the current emergency mechanism of nuclear accident in China has four shortcomings: first, the approval and approval regulations are not comprehensive; second, the communication of public information is not implemented; thirdly, the nuclear emergency response capability is insufficient; and fourth, The issue of unregulated compensation for nuclear damage. Chapter four: the suggestion of perfecting the emergency mechanism of nuclear accident in China. In view of the shortcomings of the existing nuclear accident emergency mechanism in chapter III, the author puts forward some suggestions for perfection: first, to refine the approval and approval of the permit project; second, to effectively implement public information communication; third, to strengthen the nuclear emergency supervision and control; and fourth, to strengthen the supervision and control of nuclear emergency. Improve nuclear emergency management; fifthly, clarify the liability for nuclear damage.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：D999.2;D922.1

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