本文選題：網(wǎng)絡(luò)攻擊 + 使用武力��； 參考：《華東政法大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文

【摘要】：近年有目的地針對(duì)國(guó)家的網(wǎng)絡(luò)攻擊事件層出不窮，一個(gè)新的概念進(jìn)入人們視野—網(wǎng)絡(luò)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)。2011年7月14日，美國(guó)國(guó)防部在《網(wǎng)絡(luò)空間行動(dòng)戰(zhàn)略》中，將網(wǎng)絡(luò)空間列為與陸、海、空、天并列的“行動(dòng)領(lǐng)域”。更有新聞稱，美澳將發(fā)布聯(lián)合聲明，宣布《澳新美安全條約》適用于網(wǎng)絡(luò)空間。不僅如此，世界各國(guó)都開(kāi)始注重自身網(wǎng)絡(luò)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)攻防能力，制定一系列政策法令，組建專門(mén)的網(wǎng)軍和網(wǎng)絡(luò)指揮中心，筑造網(wǎng)絡(luò)防御工程，以備戰(zhàn)可能發(fā)生的網(wǎng)絡(luò)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)。在不遠(yuǎn)的將來(lái)，網(wǎng)絡(luò)空間也許成為國(guó)家的新疆場(chǎng)，網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù)也會(huì)作為武器投入軍事使用，網(wǎng)絡(luò)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)極可能成為戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的重要形式。與網(wǎng)絡(luò)發(fā)展的日新月異相比，網(wǎng)絡(luò)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)方面的法律研究還很有限，在一些重要的問(wèn)題上也缺乏普遍共識(shí)，因此，在前人研究的基礎(chǔ)上，本文希望對(duì)網(wǎng)絡(luò)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的開(kāi)戰(zhàn)、交戰(zhàn)規(guī)范方面做一個(gè)探索性的研究。 本文主體有五個(gè)部分，包括導(dǎo)言和正文四個(gè)章節(jié)。導(dǎo)言對(duì)網(wǎng)絡(luò)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的出現(xiàn)做了介紹。作為技術(shù)進(jìn)步帶來(lái)的戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)方式的革新，網(wǎng)絡(luò)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)不再是遮遮掩掩的輔助技術(shù)手段，這種戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)形式已經(jīng)在愛(ài)沙尼亞、格魯吉亞事件中表現(xiàn)出了驚人的破壞力，導(dǎo)言最后對(duì)文章研究的問(wèn)題進(jìn)行了設(shè)問(wèn)。第一章是對(duì)網(wǎng)絡(luò)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的概述。文章從網(wǎng)絡(luò)空間的實(shí)體構(gòu)成入手，提出網(wǎng)絡(luò)空間屬于國(guó)家主權(quán)的統(tǒng)轄領(lǐng)域的觀點(diǎn)。文章接下來(lái)對(duì)網(wǎng)絡(luò)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)給出了自己的定義，并概括出了網(wǎng)絡(luò)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的獨(dú)有特點(diǎn)，，同時(shí)將網(wǎng)絡(luò)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)與幾個(gè)近似概念作了辨析，第一章也對(duì)網(wǎng)絡(luò)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)采取的手段進(jìn)行了分類。第二章節(jié)探討的是傳統(tǒng)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)合法性問(wèn)題是否也適用于網(wǎng)絡(luò)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)。文章通過(guò)對(duì)《聯(lián)合國(guó)憲章》中禁止使用武力中武力的解讀，將網(wǎng)絡(luò)攻擊與使用武力、侵略行為做特征比對(duì)，并通過(guò)討論網(wǎng)絡(luò)攻擊是否構(gòu)成武裝攻擊進(jìn)而推出被攻擊國(guó)家能否援引自衛(wèi)權(quán)對(duì)網(wǎng)絡(luò)攻擊進(jìn)行自衛(wèi)。另外，該章研究了網(wǎng)絡(luò)攻擊中國(guó)家責(zé)任的歸責(zé)原則。第三章試圖解決的問(wèn)題是在網(wǎng)絡(luò)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)中能否適用某些人道法的基石規(guī)則，例如區(qū)分原則、比例相稱原則、中立規(guī)則等，并探討如何在原則不能完全兼容的情形下進(jìn)行發(fā)展適用。最后一個(gè)部分是基于嚴(yán)峻的網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全形勢(shì)和國(guó)際法律框架尚不健全提出的展望建議，希望能將現(xiàn)有的法律框架張進(jìn)行更新和發(fā)展，通過(guò)簽訂新的專門(mén)性條約，既有機(jī)構(gòu)承擔(dān)更多的有關(guān)工作，從而建立起完善的網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全保障機(jī)制，令網(wǎng)絡(luò)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)有法可循，有法可依。
[Abstract]:In recent years, there has been an endless stream of cyberattacks against the country, and a new concept has come into people's view-cyberwarfare. On July 14, 2011, the US Department of Defense listed cyberspace as "land and sea" in the "Cyberspace Action Strategy". An empty, heavenly juxtaposition of "fields of action". More news, the United States and Australia will issue a joint statement declaring the ANZZ United States Security Treaty applicable to cyberspace. Moreover, all countries in the world have begun to pay attention to their cyber war offensive and defensive capabilities, formulate a series of policies and decrees, set up a special cyber army and network command center, and build a network defense project in order to prepare for the possible cyber war. In the near future, cyberspace may become the national Xinjiang farm, and network technology will also be put into military use as a weapon. Cyber warfare is likely to become an important form of war. Compared with the rapid development of the network, the legal research on the network war is still very limited, and there is a lack of general consensus on some important issues. Therefore, on the basis of the previous studies, this paper hopes to go to war on the network war. Do an exploratory study of the rules of engagement. The main body of this paper has five parts, including the introduction and the body of four chapters. The introduction introduces the emergence of cyber warfare. As an innovation in the way of warfare brought about by technological progress, cyberwarfare is no longer a covert auxiliary technology, a form of warfare that has shown astonishing destructive power in the events in Estonia and Georgia. At the end of the introduction, the author puts forward some questions about the research of the article. The first chapter is an overview of cyber warfare. Starting with the entity constitution of cyberspace, this paper puts forward the viewpoint that cyberspace belongs to the dominion of national sovereignty. Then the paper gives its own definition and generalizes the unique characteristics of cyber warfare. At the same time, it distinguishes the network war from several approximate concepts. The first chapter also classifies the means used in the network war. The second chapter discusses whether the legitimacy of traditional warfare is also applicable to cyber warfare. Through the interpretation of the prohibition of the use of force in the Charter of the United Nations, the article compares the characteristics of cyber attacks with the use of force and acts of aggression. By discussing whether the cyber-attack constitutes an armed attack, the author discusses whether the attacked country can invoke the right of self-defence to defend itself against the cyber-attack. In addition, this chapter studies the principle of imputation of state responsibility in cyber attack. The third chapter tries to solve the problem of whether the cornerstone rules of humanitarian law can be applied in cyberwarfare, such as the principle of distinction, the principle of proportionality, the rule of neutrality, and how to develop and apply the principle when the principle is not fully compatible. The last part is based on the critical cybersecurity situation and the unsound international legal framework. It is hoped that the existing legal framework can be updated and developed through the signing of new specialized treaties. The existing institutions undertake more relevant work, thus establishing a perfect network security guarantee mechanism, so that there are laws to follow and laws to follow in cyber warfare.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華東政法大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：D99

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