本文選題：國(guó)家管轄豁免 + 絕對(duì)豁免��； 參考：《首都經(jīng)濟(jì)貿(mào)易大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：國(guó)家及其財(cái)產(chǎn)享有管轄豁免是當(dāng)今國(guó)際法學(xué)界一個(gè)重要而又復(fù)雜的理論與實(shí)踐問(wèn)題。之所以重要是因?yàn)樵搯?wèn)題關(guān)乎國(guó)家利益，之所以復(fù)雜是因?yàn)閲?guó)家管轄豁免存在絕對(duì)豁免原則和相對(duì)豁免原則的對(duì)立，以及如何認(rèn)定相對(duì)豁免，仍然迷霧重重。國(guó)家管轄豁免牽涉到一個(gè)國(guó)家的主權(quán)問(wèn)題，對(duì)于國(guó)家發(fā)展對(duì)外經(jīng)濟(jì)影響重大。隨著國(guó)際經(jīng)濟(jì)貿(mào)易的發(fā)展，國(guó)家豁免問(wèn)題的重要意義日益凸顯。 本文主要研究國(guó)家及其財(cái)產(chǎn)管轄豁免中“商業(yè)交易”行為的認(rèn)定問(wèn)題。文章第一部分論述了國(guó)家及其財(cái)產(chǎn)管轄豁免存在的兩種原則，即絕對(duì)豁免原則和限制豁免原則。無(wú)論從國(guó)際社會(huì)立法，還是從各國(guó)國(guó)內(nèi)立法與實(shí)踐來(lái)看，限制豁免已經(jīng)成為當(dāng)今國(guó)家及其財(cái)產(chǎn)管轄豁免的主流。何謂限制豁免，在哪些方面進(jìn)行限制，國(guó)際立法和國(guó)內(nèi)立法還是有區(qū)別的，但只有商業(yè)例外得到了普遍認(rèn)可。商業(yè)例外指的是對(duì)于國(guó)家的商業(yè)交易行為不應(yīng)當(dāng)給予國(guó)家管轄豁免，但判定商業(yè)交易行為的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)需要具體分析。 文章第二部分結(jié)合理論與實(shí)踐，采用比較分析方法、案例分析方法等方法具體分析了商業(yè)例外的范圍和認(rèn)定標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。對(duì)于商業(yè)例外的范圍，應(yīng)該采取定義法與列舉法相結(jié)合，對(duì)于商業(yè)例外的認(rèn)定標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，應(yīng)以行為的性質(zhì)為主要判斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，并輔之以考慮目的。 文章第三部分根據(jù)我國(guó)的立法現(xiàn)狀、司法實(shí)踐，深入分析了我國(guó)對(duì)國(guó)家管轄豁免問(wèn)題的立場(chǎng)：一方面在立法中出現(xiàn)了限制豁免的趨勢(shì)，另一方面在實(shí)踐中仍采取絕對(duì)豁免。同時(shí)，結(jié)合當(dāng)前國(guó)際形勢(shì)，分析了我國(guó)由于國(guó)家管轄豁免立法缺失所面臨的挑戰(zhàn)，提出了向限制豁免轉(zhuǎn)變是發(fā)展的必然趨勢(shì)。 文章第四部分根據(jù)當(dāng)前我國(guó)在國(guó)家管轄豁免問(wèn)題上存在的不足與困境，，提出轉(zhuǎn)變立場(chǎng)、完善相關(guān)立法以及設(shè)置專門機(jī)構(gòu)勢(shì)在必行。并根據(jù)我國(guó)國(guó)情，提出切實(shí)可行的立法建議。認(rèn)為在國(guó)家豁免立法中商業(yè)例外制度應(yīng)包括商業(yè)行為定義、商業(yè)行為的判斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、商業(yè)例外條款三方面內(nèi)容。
[Abstract]:The jurisdictional immunity of states and their property is an important and complicated theoretical and practical problem in international legal circles. The reason why it is important is that the issue is of national interest and complex because the principle of absolute immunity and the principle of relative immunity are opposed to each other, and how to determine relative immunity is still hazy. The immunity from national jurisdiction is related to the sovereignty of a country and has a great impact on the development of foreign economy. With the development of international economy and trade, the importance of state immunity becomes more and more important. This paper mainly studies the identification of "commercial transaction" in the jurisdictional immunity of the state and its property. The first part discusses two principles of the existence of jurisdictional immunity of the state and its property, namely absolute immunity and restricted immunity. Not only from the international legislation, but also from the domestic legislation and practice, restricted immunity has become the mainstream of the jurisdictional immunity of the state and its property. There are differences between international legislation and domestic legislation, but only commercial exceptions are generally accepted. Commercial exception refers to the fact that the immunity from jurisdiction should not be granted to the commercial transactions of the state, but the criteria for judging the commercial transactions need to be analyzed concretely. In the second part, combining theory and practice, the author analyzes the scope and standard of commercial exception by comparative analysis method and case analysis method. For the scope of commercial exception, the definition method and enumeration method should be adopted, and the determination standard of commercial exception should take the nature of the act as the main criterion, and be supplemented by the consideration of the purpose. In the third part, according to the current situation of our country's legislation and judicial practice, we deeply analyze our country's position on the issue of immunity from national jurisdiction: on the one hand, there is a trend of restricting immunity in legislation, on the other hand, we still adopt absolute immunity in practice. At the same time, according to the current international situation, this paper analyzes the challenges that our country faces due to the lack of legislation on national jurisdictional immunity, and points out that the transition to restricted immunity is an inevitable trend of development. In the fourth part, according to the shortcomings and difficulties existing in the issue of national immunity from jurisdiction in China, it is imperative to change our position, perfect the relevant legislation and set up specialized agencies. And according to the situation of our country, put forward the feasible legislative suggestion. The author holds that the system of commercial exception in the legislation of state immunity should include three aspects: the definition of commercial conduct, the judgment standard of commercial conduct, and the commercial exception clause.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：首都經(jīng)濟(jì)貿(mào)易大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：D992

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