本文選題：海權 + 東海��； 參考：《西南政法大學》2011年碩士論文

【摘要】：中日兩國的東海爭端由來已久,并且在近年來有進一步激化的趨勢。在以往的研究過程中,學者們較為注重對具體爭議的探討,并且有針對性地提出了很多切實可行的解決方案。相比較而言,本文意在從海權的角度分析兩國的具體爭議,認為這些不斷發(fā)生的摩擦背后蘊含的是國家對于海權利益的激烈爭奪,如不緩和海權爭端,就難以從根本上解決具體的海洋爭議。并以此為切入點采用歷史歸納法、利益價值剖析法、綜合比較分析法等研究方法,試圖從表面的爭端中抽象出兩國最終追逐的利益訴求。 文章的第一部分重點介紹海權論創(chuàng)始者馬漢的海權觀,并對后馬漢時期海權思想的發(fā)展進程進行了追述,在此基礎上進一步介紹了我國關于海權研究的一些特點,并在參考國內外學者對于海權內涵的論述后,試提出海權擁有以海洋權利為基礎,以海洋力量為手段,以海洋利益為指向,以海洋權力為目的的綜合性權利內涵。 文章的第二部分以第一部分總結的海權組成要素為基礎進行展開論述,試圖從四方面入手解析中日東海表面爭端背后的本質問題。首先,中日東海的具體爭端是海權觀念的不同造成的,中國的海權思維以“和諧”為前提,其所認識和實施的海權行為具有緊縮性,對外的目的限于取得一些“優(yōu)勢影響力”;而日本以“競爭”為目的,其海權觀念具有擴張性,旨在謀取“大國海洋霸權”。其次,關于釣魚島主權歸屬爭端,認為現有證據對于中國對其擁有主權較為有利;關于東海劃界問題的爭議,認為應適用“公平原則”兼顧“相關情況”,考慮劃定單一界限。并在此基礎上指明上述爭端的實質是兩國在海權影響領域、海權經濟上爭奪的現實反映,因為這兩方面的利益關系到兩國海權的生存和發(fā)展,因而在短期內不僅不會得到解決,還會因事態(tài)的發(fā)展出現新的反復。再次,春曉油氣田的開采糾紛是中日雙方在經濟海權方面爭奪的集中展現,其本質是對包括油氣資源在內,諸如生物、礦產、淡水等多種資源的開發(fā)利用權的爭奪,反映了海權內涵的重點由地理大發(fā)現時期的“開疆擴土”向經濟全球化時代下“爭權奪利”過渡的趨勢。最后,近期的中日撞船事件影射出雙方在保障海權順利實現的海洋力量上的差異,文章著重從海上軍事力量、科研力量、執(zhí)法力量等海洋力量的主要組成方面進行了論述。 文章的第三部分分析了中日海權之爭給我國海權建設帶來的啟示。雖然我國在與日的爭端中“入情入理”,然而卻不能“得勢得利”,從根本上是因為我國的海權實力不夠強大。因此,從本國國內的角度,我們要充分認識東海具體爭端的實質是海權之爭,并樹立海洋強國的觀念,且要從完善相關海洋立法、提升科技創(chuàng)新能力、鞏固海防力量、強化海洋執(zhí)法等多方面采取措施全面加強自身的海權實力,進一步完善海權的外部競爭力。 文章第四部分探討了在解決中日海權之爭過程中我國對外應采取的策略。從處理與爭端方日本的關系的角度,我們在思想上要加強與其的海權溝通和交流,在實踐中要堅持“主權屬我,擱置爭議,共同開發(fā)”的原則,目的是創(chuàng)建和平友好、合作共贏的海權氛圍。從對待國際社會的外部影響的角度,我們在避免將海權之爭過分國際化,防止大國干擾因素進一步介入的前提下,要充分借鑒國際解決涉及海權之具體權益爭端的合理方案,以期中日海權之爭得以順利的解決。
[Abstract]:China and Japan have a long history of the East China Sea dispute, and in recent years there has been a trend of further intensification. In the past research, scholars have paid more attention to the discussion of specific disputes and put forward a number of practical solutions. In comparison, the article is intended to analyze the specific disputes between the two countries from the perspective of the sea power. It is believed that there is a fierce competition between the state and the interests of the sea. If it does not ease the sea power dispute, it is difficult to solve the specific maritime disputes fundamentally. Like the pursuit of the two countries' ultimate pursuit of interest.
The first part of the article focuses on the sea right concept of Mahan, the founder of the theory of sea power, and recounts the development process of the thought of sea power in the post Mahan period. On this basis, it further introduces some of the characteristics of the study of sea rights in China, and after referring to the domestic and foreign scholars' discussion on the internal culvert of sea rights, the author tries to put forward that the sea right has the right to sea. On the basis of profits, we should take the ocean power as the means, take the marine interests as the direction, and take the marine power as the purpose.
The second part of the article is based on the essential elements of the sea power summarized in the first part, trying to analyze the essential problems behind the surface dispute between China and Japan from four aspects. First, the specific dispute of the East China Sea is caused by the difference of the concept of sea power. As a result, Japan's maritime rights are limited to obtain some "dominant influence", and Japan's sea power concept is expansionary for the purpose of "competition", and it aims to seek "great power ocean hegemony". Secondly, the sovereignty of Diaoyu Island belongs to the dispute over the sovereignty of the Diaoyu Island, and it is considered that the evidence is more favorable to China's sovereignty over it. The dispute on the demarcation of the East China Sea considers that the "principle of fairness" should be applied to the consideration of the "relevant circumstances" and that a single boundary should be considered. On the basis of this, the essence of the dispute is the realistic reflection of the competition between the two countries in the field of sea power and the economic struggle in the sea power, because these two interests relate to the survival and development of the sea rights of the two countries. In the short term, not only will it be solved, but the development of the oil and gas fields in Chunxiao is a concentrated display of the competition between China and Japan on economic sea power. The essence is to compete for the exploitation and utilization of various resources, such as oil and gas resources, such as biological, mineral, and fresh water, and reflect the maritime rights. The focus of the connotation is the trend of "expanding the territory of the territory" in the period of geographical discovery to the trend of "winning power and winning the power" in the era of economic globalization. Finally, the recent collision between China and Japan shows the differences between the two sides on the marine power to ensure the smooth realization of the sea power. The article focuses on the marine forces, scientific research forces, law enforcement power and so on. The main aspects of the composition are discussed.
The third part of the article analyzes the Enlightenment of the dispute between China and Japan on the construction of China's maritime rights. Although China is "reasonable" in the dispute with Japan, it can not "gain advantage", which is fundamentally because the power of China's sea power is not strong enough. Therefore, we should fully understand the specific disputes in the East China Sea from the domestic and domestic perspectives. The essence of this is the dispute of sea power and the concept of ocean power, and we should take measures to improve the power of sea power in all aspects, such as improving the relevant marine legislation, enhancing the ability of scientific and technological innovation, consolidating the sea defense force and strengthening the marine law enforcement, and further improving the external competitive power of the sea power.
The fourth part of the article discusses the strategies that we should adopt in the process of solving the dispute between China and Japan. From the perspective of dealing with the relations between the Japanese and the Japanese, we should strengthen the communication and exchange of its sea power in thought. In practice, we should adhere to the principle that "sovereignty belongs to me, put aside disputes and develop together". The aim is to create a friend of peace. In the view of the external influence of the international community, we should avoid the excessive internationalization of the dispute over the sea power and prevent further interference from the interference factors of the great powers. We should fully draw on the reasonable solution of the international dispute involving the specific rights and interests of the sea rights, with a view to the smooth settlement of the dispute between China and Japan.
【學位授予單位】：西南政法大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：D993.5

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