本文選題：跨國代孕合同 + 法律適用　； 參考：《寧波大學》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：在當代全球化的背景下,人員跨境流動日益方便和頻繁,具有跨國因素的代孕合同中法律沖突的現(xiàn)象是不容回避的,這就使得國際私法中必定會涉及跨國代孕合同的法律適用問題。本文以比較法的視野就此問題進行研究并分為具有內(nèi)在邏輯聯(lián)系的四個部分:第一部分對跨國代孕合同進行界定并闡述了跨國代孕合同法律適用沖突的具體表現(xiàn)方面。對于代孕的解釋一般均圍繞委托父母與代理孕母進行,其中委托父母與代理孕母簽訂的合同即是代孕合同,即委托父母與代理孕母以合同的方式約定由代理孕母通過人工輔助生殖技術懷孕生子并放棄所生子女的親權,將所生子女交付給委托父母。對于一國而言,如果在一個代孕合同中代理孕母居住地、意向父母居住地或代孕實施地中至少有一個涉及其他國家,即為跨國代孕合同。由于各國相關立法的差異性,跨國代孕合同的法律沖突問題最為集中和經(jīng)常的發(fā)生在當事人的締約能力和合同的效力這兩個方面。第二部分論證了跨國代孕合同的法律適用方法。在合同法律適用問題解決的方法論上,存在著將合同作為一個整體對待還是區(qū)分不同的合同和合同的不同方面分別對待的整體論和分割論的爭論,也存在著是主要考量主觀因素還是客觀因素的主觀論和客觀論的交鋒。代孕合同的特殊性和復雜性使其顯著區(qū)別于其他合同,也由于該合同涉及當事人的締約能力、實質有效性等不同方面的問題,因此,在考慮其法律適用方法的時候,分割方法更加合理和科學;而將當事人的意思自治決定法律適用的主觀方法和通過對與合同有關的客觀因素進行最密切聯(lián)系分析來決定法律適用的客觀方法相結合也最為妥當。第三部分討論了跨國代孕合同法律適用原則。由于跨國代孕合同在具有合同一般特征的同時又有很強烈的人身屬性,故在法律適用原則的選擇上,合同領域最為普遍采用的當事人意思自治原則、最密切聯(lián)系原則,以及人身關系方面普遍采用的屬人法原則,都是應該被考慮到的。具體而言,應以分割方法為基礎,對于代孕合同當事人的締約能力、代孕合同的形式要件,應采用屬人法的原則來確定準據(jù)法,而除當事人締約能力以外的代孕合同的實質要件,則采用當事人意思自治原則和最密切聯(lián)系原則相結合來確定準據(jù)法。第四部分對我國跨國代孕合同法律適用的立法提出了具體的建議。我國在現(xiàn)行合同法律適用的立法中運用了分割的方法而將一般合同和特殊合同分別進行規(guī)定,但是并沒有涉及代孕合同的法律適用問題,故立法空白應該予以填補。我國在進行代孕合同的法律適用立法時應繼續(xù)沿用分割方法而將其作為一類特殊合同而對其不同方面進行單獨和分別的規(guī)定,并綜合考慮代孕合同的人身性與財產(chǎn)性而兼采屬人法、當事人意思自治、最密切聯(lián)系等多種法律適用原則。同時,立法還應該將代孕合同準據(jù)法的適用限定在除了當事人締約能力和形式有效性問題之外的合同本體問題的范圍之內(nèi),并強調以公共秩序保留等國際私法制度排除在這一領域中外國準據(jù)法適用的重要性。
[Abstract]:Under the background of contemporary globalization, the cross-border movement of people is becoming more and more convenient and frequent, and the phenomenon of the conflict of laws in the contract of surrogate with transnational factors is not unavoidable. This makes the international private law inevitably involve the legal application of transnational surrogate contracts. In the four part of logical connection: the first part defines the transnational surrogate contract and expounds the specific manifestations of the conflict of the legal application of the transnational surrogate contract. The interpretation of the surrogate is generally centered around the principal parents and the surrogate mother, in which the contract between the principal and the surrogate mother is a surrogate contract, that is, the principal parent. In a contract, the surrogate mother is appointed by the surrogate mother to give birth to a child through artificial reproductive technology and give up the parental rights of the child, and deliver the born child to the entrusted parent. For a country, at least one of the parents' residence or the surrogate place is involved in a surrogate contract. Other countries, that is, transnational surrogate contract. Due to the difference of relevant legislation in various countries, the conflict of laws of transnational surrogate contracts is the most concentrated and often occurred in the two aspects of the parties' ability to contract and the validity of the contract. The second part demonstrates the law application method of the transnational surrogate contract. In a methodological way, there is a debate on the theory of holism and the theory of segmentation in different aspects of the contract as a whole or the different aspects of the contract and contract. There are also the confrontation between subjective and objective factors, which are mainly subjective factors or objective factors. Unlike other contracts, because the contract involves different aspects of the parties' contracting ability and substantial validity, the method is more reasonable and scientific when considering the applicable law of the law, and the autonomy of the party's autonomy determines the main view method of the law and the objective factors related to the contract. The third part discusses the principle of the application of the law of the transnational surrogate contract. Since the transnational surrogate contract has a strong personal attribute while having the general characteristics of the contract, the contract field is the most popular in the choice of the application of the principle of law. The principle of party autonomy, the most close contact principle and the principle of personal law, which are generally adopted in personal relations, should be taken into consideration. In particular, it should be based on the method of division, the contracting parties' contracting ability, the form requirements of the surrogate contract and the principle of personal law should be adopted to determine the applicable law. In addition to the essential elements of a surrogate contract other than the party's contracting ability, the applicable law is determined by the combination of the principle of party autonomy and the most close contact principle. The fourth part puts forward specific suggestions on the legislation applicable to the contract of transnational surrogate contract in our country. However, the legal application of the contract of surrogate should be filled with the provisions of the general contract and the special contract, but it does not involve the application of the law on the contract of surrogate. In addition, the legislation should also limit the application of the applicable law of surrogate contract to the noumenon problem of contract in addition to the parties' ability to contract and the form of the form of validity. In addition, the importance of the application of foreign applicable law in this field is emphasized in the field of private international law, such as reservation of public order.
【學位授予單位】：寧波大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：D997

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本文編號：2038733