本文選題：法律選擇 + 意思自治�。� 參考：《廣東財經(jīng)大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：法律選擇中的當(dāng)事人意思自治原則從確立到發(fā)展至今,其業(yè)已成為國際私法層面最為重要和最具普遍意義的法律適用原則之一。從歷史角度考察,該原則發(fā)軔于實體法上的私法自治,并成為了國際私法中意思自治原則最重要的表現(xiàn)形式。但該原則作為自由與限制的統(tǒng)一體,在適用范圍日益擴(kuò)大的同時,對其限制問題的研究也絕不能付之闕如。對于法律選擇中意思自治予以限制,可以防止因?qū)ζ錇E用造成的“實質(zhì)正義”的缺失,同時也體現(xiàn)了自由的相對性。另外,這種限制也滿足了維護(hù)國家或社會公共利益的需要,并有利于實現(xiàn)法律資源合理配置的目的。在對法律選擇中意思自治限制的分類上,文章主要將其分為內(nèi)部限制和外部限制兩大類。內(nèi)部限制,主要是指在滿足意思自治成立條件時所要求的特定構(gòu)成要件而產(chǎn)生的限制。這種限制主要包括了對法律選擇主體的限制、范圍的限制以及法律選擇時間和方式的限制。本文認(rèn)為,法律選擇中傳統(tǒng)的善意選擇與實質(zhì)性聯(lián)系的要求已不應(yīng)構(gòu)成對當(dāng)事人意思自治的主要障礙。所謂外部限制,主要是指普遍意義上的沖突規(guī)范適用制度對當(dāng)事人意思自治構(gòu)成的限制。其主要包括國際私法中的識別制度構(gòu)成的限制,以及公認(rèn)的公共秩序保留和“直接適用的法”構(gòu)成的限制。另外,文章還根據(jù)意思自治限制的最新發(fā)展趨勢,詳細(xì)論述了有關(guān)弱者保護(hù)對意思自治的限制,以及外國法查明制度在我國實際運(yùn)用中對于當(dāng)事人意思自治結(jié)果之限制。最后,在前述研究的基礎(chǔ)上針對我國的相關(guān)立法和司法實踐,認(rèn)為我國對于當(dāng)事人選法時間節(jié)點規(guī)定的略顯靠后,這不利于訴訟效率的提高和當(dāng)事人權(quán)益的保障。并且,我國在對選法方式的規(guī)定上也顯的過于保守。因此,應(yīng)將當(dāng)事人選法的時間節(jié)點提前至一審開庭之前。而在選法方式上,立法也應(yīng)承認(rèn)默示的選法方式,并對其判斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)加以細(xì)化。另外,針對公共秩序保留和外國法查明制度的問題,既有立法規(guī)定的不細(xì)致和不完備的客觀原因,亦有法官怠于查明外國法的“歸鄉(xiāng)情結(jié)”和濫用自由裁量權(quán)的主觀原因。最后,對于“直接適用的法”的規(guī)定,也存在不夠細(xì)致和完善的缺憾。對以上問題的解決,應(yīng)當(dāng)優(yōu)化與細(xì)化立法,將權(quán)力裝入制度之籠。以防止因立法的漏洞和自由裁量權(quán)的濫用造成對法律選擇中當(dāng)事人意思自治效果的不當(dāng)減損。
[Abstract]:From the establishment to the development of the principle of party autonomy in the choice of law, it has become one of the most important and universal principles of legal application in private international law. From the historical point of view, the principle originated from the autonomy of private law in substantive law, and has become the most important manifestation of the principle of autonomy of will in private international law. However, as the unity of freedom and restriction, the study on the restriction of the principle can not be done without its application scope being expanded day by day. To restrict the autonomy of will in the choice of law can prevent the absence of "substantial justice" caused by its abuse, and at the same time embody the relativity of freedom. In addition, this restriction meets the needs of safeguarding the public interests of the state or society, and is conducive to the rational allocation of legal resources. In the classification of autonomy of will in the choice of law, the article divides it into two categories: internal restriction and external restriction. Internal restriction, mainly refers to the specific constituent elements required to meet the conditions for the establishment of autonomy of will. This kind of restriction mainly includes the limitation of the subject of choice of law, the limitation of scope and the limitation of time and mode of choice of law. This paper holds that the requirement of the traditional bona fide choice and substantial connection in the choice of law should not be the main obstacle to the autonomy of the parties. The so-called external restriction mainly refers to the limitation that the conflict norm application system constitutes to the autonomy of the party's will. It mainly includes the limitation of the identification system in private international law, as well as the recognized reservation of public order and the limitation of "directly applicable law". In addition, according to the latest development trend of the autonomy of will, this paper discusses in detail the limitation of the protection of the weak on the autonomy of the will and the restriction of the result of the autonomy of the party concerned in the practical application of the foreign law ascertainment system in our country. Finally, on the basis of the above research, the author thinks that the time node of the parties' choice of law in our country is slightly behind the time node, which is not conducive to the improvement of the efficiency of litigation and the protection of the rights and interests of the parties in the light of the relevant legislation and judicial practice of our country. Moreover, our country is too conservative in the regulation of the way of election. Therefore, the time node of the parties to select the law should be brought forward to the first trial session. In the way of selecting the law, the legislation should also recognize the implied way of selecting the law and refine its judgment standard. In addition, in view of the problems of public order reservation and foreign law ascertainment system, there are not only the imprecise and incomplete objective reasons stipulated by legislation, but also the subjective reasons why judges are lazy to find out the "homecoming complex" of foreign law and abuse of discretion. Finally, the provisions of the "directly applicable Law" also have the defects of detail and perfection. To solve the above problems, we should optimize and refine the legislation and put the power into the cage of the system. In order to prevent the legislative loopholes and the abuse of discretion caused by the choice of law party autonomy effect of improper impairment.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：廣東財經(jīng)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：D997

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本文編號：2029513