本文選題：萊弗拉爾 + 影響法律選擇考慮��； 參考：《武漢大學(xué)》2011年博士論文

【摘要】：萊弗拉爾(Leflar)的影響法律選擇考慮說(Choice-Influencing Considerations)是美國(guó)沖突法中最主要的理論之一,至今仍在司法實(shí)踐中發(fā)揮著重要的作用。本文擬從五部分來系統(tǒng)研究這一理論,全文除導(dǎo)論外共分五章,并在最后附有結(jié)語對(duì)全文進(jìn)行總結(jié)和展望。 導(dǎo)論部分對(duì)選題的背景和意義、國(guó)內(nèi)外此問題的研究現(xiàn)狀、文章采用的研究方法進(jìn)行了簡(jiǎn)要說明。 第一章是對(duì)本文研究人物的介紹。第一節(jié)考察了萊弗拉爾教授的生平,簡(jiǎn)要介紹了他長(zhǎng)達(dá)半個(gè)多世紀(jì)的法律生涯。第二節(jié)簡(jiǎn)單介紹了萊弗拉爾教授在沖突法、法學(xué)教育以及法官培訓(xùn)方面的成就,為下文客觀評(píng)價(jià)萊弗拉爾的理論打下基礎(chǔ)。 第二章詳細(xì)考察了萊弗拉爾影響法律選擇考慮說建構(gòu)的基礎(chǔ),該部分從法哲學(xué)、美國(guó)傳統(tǒng)沖突法理論的批判以及對(duì)美國(guó)沖突法新理論的繼承三個(gè)角度論述了萊弗拉爾理論產(chǎn)生的基礎(chǔ)。第一節(jié)主要從法哲學(xué)的角度入手,萊弗拉爾相關(guān)沖突法理論受法律現(xiàn)實(shí)主義思想影響頗深。本節(jié)通過對(duì)美國(guó)現(xiàn)實(shí)主義法學(xué)產(chǎn)生的背景、根源以及內(nèi)容主張等幾方面對(duì)這一法理流派進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)的介紹,為更好理解萊弗拉爾的法律選擇考慮說和其他思想奠定了基礎(chǔ)。第二節(jié)則以美國(guó)沖突法的發(fā)展為線索,說明了20世紀(jì)初美國(guó)對(duì)傳統(tǒng)沖突法理論批判運(yùn)動(dòng)的成因。以及主要沖突法學(xué)者對(duì)比爾理論和《沖突法重述》(第一次)的批判,萊弗拉爾吸收了批判者理論的觀點(diǎn),并借鑒政策分析方法建構(gòu)了自己的理論。第三節(jié)考察了法律選擇考慮說的思想淵源。萊弗拉爾是以政策分析方法為基礎(chǔ)建構(gòu)法律選擇考慮說的,在此之前已經(jīng)有多位沖突法學(xué)者在著作中采用了這種方法,其中最為重要的為奇塔姆、里斯和英特瑪。本節(jié)第一部分分別對(duì)他們的政策分析方法進(jìn)行了論述。萊弗拉爾批判的繼承了他們對(duì)于政策的提煉,并將其進(jìn)行精煉和協(xié)調(diào)。同時(shí)吸收了柯里利益分析說的部分觀點(diǎn),將它們納入自己的理論體系之中,但萊弗拉爾對(duì)柯里理論的吸收是選擇性的,他并不同意柯里對(duì)真實(shí)沖突的解決方法,同時(shí)在對(duì)虛假?zèng)_突問題上也和柯里的意見相左,本節(jié)的第二部分對(duì)此進(jìn)行了闡述。 第三章闡述了萊弗拉爾法律選擇考慮說的具體內(nèi)容。該學(xué)說是建立在萊弗拉爾對(duì)沖突法基本問題的認(rèn)識(shí)之上的,他認(rèn)為鑒別影響法律選擇的因素是沖突法的最關(guān)鍵問題。在吸收前人研究的基礎(chǔ)之上,萊弗拉爾總結(jié)出他認(rèn)為影響法律選擇的五點(diǎn)關(guān)鍵要素,包括結(jié)果的可預(yù)見性、維持州際和國(guó)際秩序、簡(jiǎn)化司法任務(wù)、增進(jìn)法院地利益和適用較好的法律。本章第一節(jié)探求了五點(diǎn)考慮的具體含義,并強(qiáng)調(diào)按照萊弗拉爾的觀點(diǎn),這五點(diǎn)考慮要素并沒有強(qiáng)弱之分,同時(shí)也沒有次序排列的問題。萊弗拉爾認(rèn)為五點(diǎn)考慮要素適用十分方便,同時(shí)合理運(yùn)用能夠幫助法官判斷法律選擇結(jié)果是否合理,本章第二節(jié)對(duì)萊弗拉爾具體運(yùn)用這一方法分析的一系列案例進(jìn)行了簡(jiǎn)要的介紹,關(guān)注該學(xué)說如何適用的問題。 第四章針對(duì)萊弗拉爾法律選擇學(xué)說的部分爭(zhēng)議進(jìn)行了討論。對(duì)萊弗拉爾理論的爭(zhēng)議主要集中在對(duì)該學(xué)說方法論的爭(zhēng)論和如何看待他理論體系中最后一點(diǎn)考慮要素,即適用較好的法律。本章第一節(jié)討論有關(guān)方法論方面的問題。在國(guó)際私法的歷史中,所有的學(xué)說都圍繞著單邊主義方法、多邊主義方法和實(shí)體法方法這三種方法,通過對(duì)五點(diǎn)考慮分別進(jìn)行方法論的分析得出法律選擇考慮說兼有單邊主義方法和實(shí)體法方法,而單邊主義方法在該學(xué)說中占據(jù)了更為重要的地位。第二節(jié)則討論了有關(guān)適用較好的法律的爭(zhēng)論,主要從理論根源、存在空間和適用限制方面進(jìn)行了探討,認(rèn)為這一點(diǎn)并非萊弗拉爾學(xué)說的全部精髓所在,只不過由于其突出的反映了人們對(duì)實(shí)質(zhì)正義的要求而被推向了前臺(tái),無論是萊弗拉爾本人還是司法實(shí)踐都對(duì)適用該考慮提出了適當(dāng)?shù)南拗坪椭笇?dǎo)原則。第三節(jié)討論了部分學(xué)者對(duì)于影響法律選擇考慮說的改進(jìn)建議,認(rèn)為這種做法實(shí)際違背了萊弗拉爾理論的初衷,但其對(duì)目前存在于影響法律選擇考慮說中的某些問題的批判還是頗值得借鑒。 第五章討論了萊弗拉爾法律選擇考慮說的影響,本章主要從實(shí)踐方面進(jìn)行考察,對(duì)五個(gè)采用法律選擇考慮說的州的具體案件進(jìn)行了評(píng)析,分析法官在審判時(shí)如何適用影響法律選擇方法,以此評(píng)析影響法律選擇考慮說在實(shí)踐中的運(yùn)行情況。 結(jié)語對(duì)萊弗拉爾的理論進(jìn)行了適當(dāng)?shù)目偨Y(jié),并通過本文的研究指出了萊弗拉爾研究給中國(guó)國(guó)際私法帶來的部分啟示。
[Abstract]:The influence of Leif Lal (Leflar) on the choice of law (Choice-Influencing Considerations) is one of the most important theories in the American conflict law and still plays an important role in the judicial practice. This paper is intended to systematically study this theory from the five part. The full text is divided into five chapters except the introduction, and the final conclusion is given to the full text. Summary and prospect.
In the introduction part, the background and significance of the topic selection, the current research situation at home and abroad, and the research methods adopted in this article are briefly described.
The first chapter of this paper is to study the characters in this paper. The first section reviews professor Leif Lal's biography, he briefly introduced the legal career of more than half a century. The second section introduces professor Leif Lal in the conflict of laws, legal education and training of judges achievements, lay the foundation for the following objective evaluation of Leif Lal's theory.
The second chapter examines the foundation of lyflall's influence on the consideration of the choice of law. This part discusses the basis of Leif Lal's theory from the perspective of the legal philosophy, the criticism of the American traditional conflict theory and the succession of the new theory of the American conflict of laws. The first section is mainly from the perspective of legal philosophy and the related impact of lafrost. The theory of sudden law is deeply influenced by the thought of legal realism. This section gives a detailed introduction to this legal school through the background, root and content of the American Realism law, which lays the foundation for better understanding of Leif Lal's legal choice and other ideas. The second section is the American conflict. The development of the law is the clue, which explains the causes of the American critical movement of the traditional conflict of laws in the early twentieth Century, and the criticism of the main conflict jurisprudence and the restatement of the conflict law. The source of thought is to be taken into consideration. Lafrost is based on the policy analysis method, which has been adopted by a number of conflict jurisprudence. The most important part of this method is Cheetham, Rees and the first part of the section. He inherited their criticism of the policy, refined and coordinated, and absorbed some of the views of Currie's interest analysis and incorporated them into their theoretical system, but Leif Lal was selective in the absorption of Currie's theory, and he did not agree with Currie's solution to the real conflict. At the same time, it also disagrees with Corey on the issue of false conflict. The second part of this section elaborates on this.
The third chapter expounds the specific content of the legal choice of lafrost. This theory is based on the understanding of the basic problems of the conflict law. He believes that identifying the factors affecting the choice of law is the most critical issue of the law of conflict. On the basis of absorbing previous studies, Leif Lal concluded that he considered the influence of the law. The five key elements, including the predictability of the results, the maintenance of the interstate and international order, the simplification of the judicial task, the promotion of the interests of the court and the application of better laws. The first section of this chapter explores the specific meaning of the five points, and emphasizes that, in accordance with Leif Lal's point of view, the five points are not divided, nor are they in order. The second section of this chapter gives a brief introduction to a series of cases analyzed in this chapter and pays attention to the application of the theory on how the theory applies.
The fourth chapter discusses some of the controversies in the theory of the legal choice of La friar. The controversy about lailar's theory is mainly focused on the debate on the theory and the final consideration of how to consider his theoretical system. The first section of this chapter discusses the issues concerning methodology. In the history of law, all theories revolve around the three methods of unilateralism, the method of multilateralism and the method of substantive law. Through the analysis of the methodology of the five points, the legal choice is considered to have both unilateralist and substantive methods, and the unilateral principal method occupies a more important place in the theory. In the second section, the argument about the applicable law is discussed, mainly from the theoretical root, the existence of space and the limitation of application, which is not the essence of the theory of lafrost, but it is simply pushed to the front desk, whether it is lyf, because it highlights the demand for substantive justice. LAL himself and judicial practice have put forward appropriate restrictions and guiding principles for the application of this consideration. The third section discusses some scholars' suggestions for improving the consideration of the choice of legal choice, which is actually contrary to the original intention of Leif Lal's theory, but its current existence lies in some questions that affect the choice of law. The criticism of the question is still worthy of reference.
The fifth chapter discusses the influence of the legal choice of La friar. This chapter mainly reviews the practice and analyzes the specific cases of the five states which are taken into consideration by the legal choice, and analyzes how the judge applies the method of choice of law in the trial in order to evaluate the influence of the law selection in practice. Condition.
The conclusion sums up Leif Lal's theory and points out some revelations to China's private international law.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：武漢大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號(hào)】：D997

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