本文選題：專屬經(jīng)濟區(qū) + 剩余權(quán)利�。� 參考：《中南民族大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文

【摘要】：《聯(lián)合國海洋法公約》是一部海洋大憲章，，規(guī)范人類在海洋中的活動，建立新的海洋秩序。作為第三次聯(lián)合國海洋法會議的重要成果，其中專屬經(jīng)濟區(qū)制度是公約新創(chuàng)設(shè)的重要制度之一。 海洋法中的剩余權(quán)利是指在《聯(lián)合國海洋法公約》中沒有明文規(guī)定或規(guī)定模糊的權(quán)利。該公約中存在大量剩余權(quán)利，作為一攬子公約，這是各國相互博弈的結(jié)果，特別體現(xiàn)在專屬經(jīng)濟區(qū)中。因為這一制度的建立是發(fā)展中國家同發(fā)達國家經(jīng)過斗爭爭取而來，該制度實現(xiàn)海洋資源在海洋國和沿海國之間的合理分配。但發(fā)展中國家期望通過設(shè)立專屬經(jīng)濟區(qū)來獲得更多海洋利益的初衷在面對發(fā)達國家強大海洋實力時未能實現(xiàn)。這就導(dǎo)致許多權(quán)利不可能清晰的界定甚至無法涉及，剩余權(quán)利也因此產(chǎn)生。 公約對專屬經(jīng)濟區(qū)制度做出規(guī)定，沿海國和其他國家各有其權(quán)利和義務(wù)。但由于公約對這些權(quán)利沒有細化，易使各國因為對條文理解不同而引發(fā)爭議。本文旨在從共同合理利用海洋資源的角度出發(fā)，在公約的制度框架內(nèi)，探討專屬經(jīng)濟區(qū)中存在的剩余權(quán)利問題以及由此引發(fā)的爭議，從而為解決在實踐中引發(fā)的沖突提出建議。 本文共分為四個部分。 第一部分介紹海洋法中剩余權(quán)利的概念，明確海洋法中的剩余權(quán)利是指《聯(lián)合國海洋法公約》中的剩余權(quán)利，通過介紹公約中規(guī)定的基本制度來引出其中的剩余權(quán)利。 第二部分介紹專屬經(jīng)濟區(qū)中剩余權(quán)利的具體表現(xiàn)。首先對專屬經(jīng)濟區(qū)制度進行闡述，然后指出專屬經(jīng)濟區(qū)中的剩余權(quán)利主要包括專屬經(jīng)濟區(qū)內(nèi)與軍事利用有關(guān)的剩余權(quán)利、與海洋生物資源相關(guān)的剩余權(quán)利和與海洋環(huán)境保護相關(guān)的剩余權(quán)利。 第三部分是在公約已做出相關(guān)規(guī)定的基礎(chǔ)上對專屬經(jīng)濟區(qū)中剩余權(quán)利的利用在實踐中所產(chǎn)生的爭議進行分析。 第四部分是提出解決實踐中爭議之原則和方法。其中原則包括堅持軍事利用事先同意原則；充分尊重各國主權(quán)原則；堅持國際合作原則等。解決方法涉及實行防空識別區(qū)制度、有限通過制度、加強國際合作等內(nèi)容。 海洋是全人類的共同資源，需要世界各國的尊重、珍惜和合理利用。為減少各國在實踐中的摩擦，構(gòu)建和諧的國際關(guān)系，有效利用海洋資源，應(yīng)當用積極的態(tài)度面對剩余權(quán)利問題，同時也應(yīng)積極的尋求解決爭議之道，只有如此才是對待和利用海洋資源的最佳方式。
[Abstract]:The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) is a marine Magna Carta that regulates human activities in the oceans and establishes a new marine order. As an important achievement of the third United Nations Conference on the Law of the Sea, the system of exclusive economic zone is one of the important systems newly created by the Convention. The residual rights in the law of the sea refer to the rights which are not expressly stipulated or specified in the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea. There are a large number of residual rights in the convention, which is the result of the game between countries, especially in the exclusive economic zone. Because the establishment of this system is a result of the struggle between the developing countries and the developed countries, the system realizes the rational distribution of marine resources between the maritime and coastal States. But the original intention of developing countries to create exclusive economic zones to gain more marine benefits has failed to materialize in the face of the strong marine power of developed countries. As a result, many rights can not be clearly defined or even cannot be involved, and the remaining rights arise. The Convention provides for the exclusive economic zone system, coastal States and other countries have their own rights and obligations. However, because the Covenant does not detail these rights, it is easy for countries to dispute because of their different understandings of the articles. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the residual rights in the exclusive economic zone and the disputes arising therefrom from the point of view of common and reasonable utilization of marine resources, within the framework of the convention system, so as to put forward some suggestions for resolving the conflicts caused in practice. This paper is divided into four parts. The first part introduces the concept of residual rights in the law of the sea. It is clear that the residual rights in the law of the sea refer to the residual rights in the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea. The second part introduces the specific performance of the residual rights in the exclusive economic zone. First of all, the system of exclusive economic zone is elaborated, and then it is pointed out that the residual rights in exclusive economic zone mainly include the residual rights in exclusive economic zone related to military utilization, Residual rights relating to marine living resources and residual rights relating to the protection of the marine environment. The third part analyzes the disputes arising from the use of residual rights in the exclusive economic zone on the basis of the relevant provisions of the convention. The fourth part is to put forward the principles and methods of resolving disputes in practice. The principles include upholding the principle of prior consent for military use, fully respecting the principle of sovereignty of all countries, and adhering to the principle of international cooperation. The solution involves the implementation of the air defense identification zone system, the limited adoption of the system and the strengthening of international cooperation. The ocean is the common resource of all mankind. It needs the respect, treasure and rational utilization of all countries in the world. In order to reduce the frictions in practice, build harmonious international relations and make effective use of marine resources, we should face the issue of residual rights with a positive attitude and actively seek solutions to disputes. Only in this way is the best way to treat and utilize marine resources.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中南民族大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：D993.5

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