本文選題：藥品強制許可 + 藥品專利保護�。� 參考：《蘇州大學》2012年碩士論文

【摘要】：為消除藥品專利對WTO各成員尤其是發(fā)展中的成員在應對公共健康危機時所產生的嚴重阻礙，TRIPS理事會于2001年6月首度在公共健康框架下討論知識產權議題。盡管TRIPS協(xié)定議定書目前尚未生效，但解決發(fā)展中國家與最不發(fā)達國家公共健康問題在事實上和法律上已無障礙。不過，到目前為止，卻鮮有國家實際予以適用，其深層次的原因早已超出知識產權或相關法律的范疇，更多的是有關國家的政治、經濟、文化等多方面的因素。解決藥品可及性這個問題的關鍵就在于如何有效的降低藥品的價格和增加藥品的供給。雖然解決公共健康危機有多種途徑，如強制許可、平行進口、差別定價等，，但我們可以看到在現(xiàn)實中這些途徑都未能有效的解決發(fā)展中國家和最不發(fā)達國家藥品可及性問題。涉及到我國的公共健康與藥品可及性的問題，需要注意的是我國制藥企業(yè)雖然具有較強的仿制能力，在應對公共健康危機時具有較強的應變能力，但創(chuàng)新能力依然不足，這極大地制約了我國藥品可及性的長遠發(fā)展，同時還制約了我國依照TRIPS議定書的規(guī)定向國外出口強制許可藥品的能力。因此，我國制藥企業(yè)要及早的走上自主創(chuàng)新的道路。
[Abstract]:In order to eliminate the serious hindrance caused by pharmaceutical patents to WTO members, especially developing members, to deal with the public health crisis, trips Council discussed intellectual property issues for the first time under the framework of public health in June 2001. Although the trips Protocol has not yet entered into force, it is de facto and de jure accessible to address the public health problems of developing and least developed countries. However, up to now, few countries have actually applied it, and its deep reasons have already gone beyond the scope of intellectual property or related laws, and more are the political, economic, cultural and other factors of the countries concerned. The key to solve the problem of drug availability lies in how to reduce the price of drugs and increase the supply of drugs. Although there are many ways to solve the public health crisis, such as compulsory licensing, parallel import, differential pricing and so on, we can see that these approaches can not effectively solve the problem of drug accessibility in developing and least developed countries. Concerning the problems of public health and drug accessibility in our country, we should pay attention to the fact that although pharmaceutical enterprises in our country have strong imitation ability and strong ability to respond to public health crisis, their innovation ability is still insufficient. This greatly restricts the long-term development of drug accessibility in China, and also restricts our ability to export compulsory licensed drugs to foreign countries in accordance with trips Protocol. Therefore, Chinese pharmaceutical enterprises should take the road of independent innovation as soon as possible.
【學位授予單位】：蘇州大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：D996.1

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