發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-06-13 08:58

  本文選題：非傳統(tǒng)安全 + 海外公民��； 參考：《遼寧大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文

【摘要】：當(dāng)今世界的國家利益正在進(jìn)行著微妙的調(diào)整和變化，海外利益不斷地延伸。在此大背景下，，走出國門的人數(shù)越來越多，但他們在國外面臨的形勢卻不容樂觀。僅以2012年為例，一名法國女記者開羅直播報(bào)道時(shí)遇襲、阿富汗連發(fā)襲警事件導(dǎo)致9人遇害、中國福建一家人在南非遇害，而這只是其中的一小部分事件。以疾病蔓延、環(huán)境惡化、全球變暖等為標(biāo)志，非傳統(tǒng)安全問題成為日益突出的新威脅。如何保護(hù)海外公民的生命權(quán)是各國必須思考的問題，同時(shí)也是踐行人權(quán)保護(hù)的重點(diǎn)問題。非傳統(tǒng)安全威脅下保護(hù)海外公民生命權(quán)是非常必要的，在這方面，各國的具體做法雖有不同，但主流都是加強(qiáng)對海外公民生命權(quán)的保護(hù)。當(dāng)前，在取得一定進(jìn)展的同時(shí)，也存在諸多的問題。海外利益作為國家利益的一部分，受多重因素的影響，它具有范圍的動態(tài)性、形式的多樣性、威脅來源的廣泛性等特點(diǎn)，對其保護(hù)日益復(fù)雜化。保護(hù)本國國民在海外的生命權(quán)已成為國家海外利益的重要組成部分，但對海外公民生命權(quán)的保護(hù)也面臨著發(fā)展的阻力。 本文梳理了現(xiàn)有的國際公約、國際條約中關(guān)于生命權(quán)保護(hù)的內(nèi)容，結(jié)合非傳統(tǒng)安全威脅的復(fù)雜多變性來闡述海外公民生命權(quán)的保護(hù)問題。文章分為四部分：第一部分首先分析了非傳統(tǒng)安全的涵義及其與傳統(tǒng)安全的不同，概括出了非傳統(tǒng)安全的特點(diǎn)，接著論述了生命權(quán)在人權(quán)中的重要地位，從而引出海外公民生命權(quán)在非傳統(tǒng)安全威脅下受到的影響。第二部分主要分析了當(dāng)前國際法對對公民生命權(quán)的規(guī)定，并主要以日本、美國及歐盟為例國籍國保護(hù)海外公民的措施進(jìn)行分析。第三部分闡述了國際社會在保護(hù)海外公民生命權(quán)方面的傳統(tǒng)做法，筆者介紹了三種主要的保護(hù)方式即外交保護(hù)、領(lǐng)事保護(hù)、軍事保護(hù)。這些方式方法在保護(hù)海外公民權(quán)益上發(fā)揮了重要的作用，但在非傳統(tǒng)威脅下的今天，這些方式方法的保護(hù)效力顯然不足。第四部分從國內(nèi)和國際兩個(gè)方面論述了中國海外公民生命權(quán)保護(hù)的現(xiàn)狀及完善的建議，這是本文非常重要的一部分，筆者認(rèn)為中國在國內(nèi)需要設(shè)立僑民法并使其與國際人權(quán)法接軌，從而更好地應(yīng)對海外突發(fā)事件，及時(shí)有效地保護(hù)海外公民的生命權(quán)。
[Abstract]:The national interests of today's world are undergoing subtle adjustments and changes, and overseas interests continue to extend. Against this background, more and more people go abroad, but the situation they face abroad is not optimistic. In 2012, for example, a French woman reporter was attacked during a live report in Cairo in which nine people were killed in a series of attacks on police in Afghanistan, and a family in Fujian Province, China, was killed in South Africa. This is only a small part of the incident. With disease spreading, environmental deterioration, global warming as the symbol, non-traditional security issues have become increasingly prominent new threats. How to protect the right to life of overseas citizens is not only a problem that all countries must think about, but also a key issue in the practice of human rights protection. It is very necessary to protect the right to life of overseas citizens under the threat of non-traditional security. In this respect, the specific practices of different countries are different, but the mainstream is to strengthen the protection of the right to life of overseas citizens. At present, while making certain progress, there are also many problems. As a part of national interests, overseas interests are affected by many factors, which have the characteristics of dynamic scope, diversity of forms and wide range of threat sources. The protection of the right to life of nationals abroad has become an important part of the interests of the country overseas, but the protection of the right to life of overseas citizens is also facing the resistance of development. This paper combs the existing international conventions and international treaties on the protection of the right to life, combined with the complex variability of non-traditional security threats to expound the protection of the right to life of overseas citizens. The article is divided into four parts: the first part analyzes the meaning of non-traditional security and its difference from traditional security, summarizes the characteristics of non-traditional security, and then discusses the importance of the right to life in human rights. This leads to the influence of the right to life of overseas citizens under the threat of non-traditional security. The second part mainly analyzes the provisions of the current international law on the right to life of citizens, and mainly takes Japan, the United States and the European Union as examples to analyze the measures taken by countries of nationality to protect overseas citizens. The third part describes the international community in the protection of the right to life of overseas citizens in the traditional practice, the author introduced three main forms of protection, namely diplomatic protection, consular protection, military protection. These ways and methods play an important role in protecting the rights and interests of overseas citizens, but under the non-traditional threat today, the protection effectiveness of these ways and methods is obviously insufficient. The fourth part discusses the status quo and suggestions of the protection of the right to life of Chinese overseas citizens from both domestic and international aspects, which is a very important part of this paper. The author thinks that China needs to set up the diaspora law in China and bring it into line with the international human rights law, so as to better deal with overseas emergencies and protect the right to life of overseas citizens in a timely and effective manner.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：遼寧大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：D998.2

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本文編號：2013457