本文選題：電子提單流通機(jī)制 + 登記�。� 參考：《西南政法大學(xué)》2011年碩士論文

【摘要】：傳統(tǒng)提單商業(yè)實(shí)踐和法律制度經(jīng)過了幾個(gè)世紀(jì)的運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn),有關(guān)提單的國際立法和國際慣例已經(jīng)形成了高度的統(tǒng)一性,《海牙-維斯比規(guī)則》得到了普遍接受就是很好的例證。功能的多樣性是提單最大的優(yōu)點(diǎn),尤其是提單的權(quán)利憑證功能不僅實(shí)現(xiàn)了提單所記載的運(yùn)輸中的貨物的流動(dòng)性,而且也使提單成為了跟單信用證和海事貿(mào)易融資中的質(zhì)押物。然而,由于現(xiàn)在通訊技術(shù)和航運(yùn)技術(shù)的飛速發(fā)展大大提高了船舶的航行速度、縮短了航運(yùn)的周期,同時(shí)集裝箱現(xiàn)代裝卸技術(shù)使船舶在港口停滯的時(shí)間大幅度縮短,但是提單的流轉(zhuǎn)周期卻沒有縮短,這導(dǎo)致了“貨到單未到”的情況時(shí)常發(fā)生。比貨物提前到達(dá)目的港是提單生存的條件之一,如今已面臨可能不再存在的威脅,傳統(tǒng)提單的生命力逐漸喪失。 為改變這一現(xiàn)狀,順應(yīng)電子商務(wù)全球化的發(fā)展,電子商務(wù)開始應(yīng)用于海上貨物運(yùn)輸領(lǐng)域,在EDI技術(shù)與傳統(tǒng)提單的成功結(jié)合下產(chǎn)生了電子提單。電子提單極大的節(jié)約了人力成本,并且加快提單的流轉(zhuǎn)速度,“貨到單未到”的狀況應(yīng)刃而解。20世紀(jì)末,Bolero電子提單流通機(jī)制的成功運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)使電子提單在海上貨物運(yùn)輸領(lǐng)域的運(yùn)用進(jìn)入快速發(fā)展的階段,電子提單取代傳統(tǒng)提單已經(jīng)是大勢所趨。 雖然電子提單與傳統(tǒng)提單相比有諸多優(yōu)點(diǎn),但是對于電子提單的實(shí)踐還沒有形成成熟的商業(yè)慣例,對于電子提單運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)的具體法律規(guī)范仍然處于空白狀態(tài),因此有必要對實(shí)現(xiàn)電子提單流通性的流通機(jī)制作深入探究。 全文共分四個(gè)部分,兩萬余字。 本文第一部分對電子提單的定義作簡單探討,接著運(yùn)用功能等同原則詳細(xì)分析了電子提單應(yīng)該具有的功能,并且通過對電子提單立法的介紹指出電子提單立法與實(shí)踐存在的差距,然后分別具體介紹了電子提單項(xiàng)目SeaDocs、CMI《電子提單規(guī)則》和Bolero電子提單流通機(jī)制的失敗或者成功的原因。 第二部分主要介紹電子提單流通機(jī)制的基本法律原理,重點(diǎn)闡述電子提單的“控制”概念及其在電子提單流通機(jī)制中的應(yīng)用,將控制概念貫穿于整個(gè)部分的論述,并且在控制概念的基礎(chǔ)上具體論證了登記機(jī)制這一電子提單交易與跟蹤機(jī)制的優(yōu)點(diǎn),以表明筆者傾向于采用登記機(jī)制的理由。 第三部分從幾個(gè)方面詳細(xì)剖析Bolero機(jī)制(提單電子登記組織)的架構(gòu)和法律原理,評價(jià)了該機(jī)制實(shí)現(xiàn)電子提單流通性的合理性和安全性,表明筆者對該機(jī)制的發(fā)展前景甚至是否能夠演變成為商業(yè)慣例持樂觀態(tài)度。 第四部分對電子提單流通機(jī)制提出立法建議,期望國際和國內(nèi)立法機(jī)構(gòu)能夠從Bolero機(jī)制中提取出電子提單實(shí)踐的成功經(jīng)驗(yàn),完善有關(guān)電子提單流通機(jī)制的法律規(guī)范,建議對電子提單流通機(jī)制中的核心內(nèi)容登記機(jī)制做出具體規(guī)定,包括登記方資格、對登記行為的要求以及登記的法律效力等內(nèi)容做出確定性法律規(guī)定,以適應(yīng)電子提單的未來發(fā)展趨勢。
[Abstract]:The commercial practice and the legal system of the traditional bill of lading have been operated in the centuries . The international legislation and international practice on the bill of lading have formed a high degree of unity . The diversity of the function is the greatest advantage of the bill of lading . However , because of the rapid development of the communication technology and the shipping technology , the time of the ship sailing is greatly shortened . However , because of the rapid development of the communication technology and the shipping technology , the time of the ship ' s arrival in the port is greatly shortened , which leads to the fact that the goods arrive at the port of destination is one of the conditions for the existence of the bill of lading , and the vitality of the traditional bill of lading is gradually lost .

With the development of the globalization of electronic commerce , electronic commerce has begun to be applied to the transport of goods by sea . The electronic bill of lading has greatly saved the labor cost and accelerated the circulation speed of the bill of lading . The successful operation of the electronic bill of lading made the electronic bill of lading made a rapid development stage in the field of carriage of goods by sea .

Although the electronic bill of lading has many advantages over the traditional bill of lading , there is no mature commercial practice for the practice of electronic bill of lading , and the specific legal norm for the operation of electronic bill of lading is still in a blank state , so it is necessary to make an in - depth inquiry into the circulation mechanism to realize the flow of electronic bill of lading .

The full text is divided into four parts , two thousand words .

The first part of this paper makes a brief discussion on the definition of electronic bill of lading , then analyzes the function of electronic bill of lading by means of functional equivalence principle , and points out the gap between the legislation and practice of electronic bill of lading through the introduction of the legislation of electronic bill of lading .

The second part mainly introduces the basic legal principles of the electronic bill of lading circulation mechanism , focuses on the concept of " control " of electronic bill of lading and its application in the electronic bill of lading flow mechanism , through the discussion of the control concept throughout the whole section , and concretely demonstrates the advantages of the electronic bill of lading transaction and tracking mechanism of the registration mechanism on the basis of the control concept , so as to show the reasons why the registration mechanism is inclined to adopt the registration mechanism .

The third part analyzes the structure and legal principles of Bolero mechanism ( bill of lading electronic registration organization ) in detail from several aspects , and evaluates the rationality and security of the mechanism to realize the liquidity of electronic bill of lading .

The fourth part puts forward legislative suggestions on the circulation mechanism of electronic bill of lading . It is expected that the international and domestic legislative bodies can extract the successful experience of electronic bill of lading practice from the Bolero mechanism , perfect the legal norm about the electronic bill of lading circulation mechanism , and make specific provisions on the core content registration mechanism in the electronic bill of lading flow mechanism , including the qualification of the registration party , the requirement of the registration behavior and the legal effect of the registration , so as to suit the future development trend of the electronic bill of lading .
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南政法大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：D996.19;F740.4

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