本文選題：信用證獨立性原則 + 信用證欺詐　； 參考：《天津財經(jīng)大學》2012年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著世界貿(mào)易格局的逐漸融合,跨地區(qū)的交易逐漸產(chǎn)生,那么如何在跨地區(qū)的貿(mào)易中進行結(jié)算就成為了商人們必須考慮的問題。從十八世紀末到十九世紀初,信用證制度逐漸成熟。信用證是一種在國際間流通的用來支付貨款的工具,它將合同雙方當事人之間的商業(yè)信用成功地轉(zhuǎn)換成為銀行信用,這樣就使得在國際貿(mào)易結(jié)算中,賣方的風險大大地降低。 信用證制度能夠得到良好的發(fā)展其根源就在于它所奉行的信用證獨立性原則。信用證獨立性原則是指在合同雙方當事人約定以信用證作為結(jié)算工具時,開證申請人在銀行開立信用證,當信用證開立之后它就獨立于貿(mào)易中的基礎合同,不再受到基礎合同的約束,買方不能援引基礎合同中的抗辯權來指示銀行拒絕付款的一種原則。信用證的獨立性原則有其獨特的價值,使得國際貿(mào)易能夠安全快捷的進行結(jié)算。但是,所有事物都應該一分為二來看待的,信用證的獨立性也不例外,而且其在國內(nèi)的實踐水平也相對較低。為了規(guī)范信用證制度的使用,也為了減少欺詐現(xiàn)象的出現(xiàn),商人們在運用的過程中創(chuàng)造了獨立性原則的例外情況,也就是信用證欺詐例外原則�！袄狻敝赣捎诔霈F(xiàn)了欺詐這種行為,從而在信用證交易中不再適用獨立性原則,即允許銀行在“單證相符、單單相符”的情形下不予承兌單據(jù)。雖然信用證的欺詐例外原則從法理上和操作上完全與獨立性相對立,但它卻對獨立性原則起到了鞭策的作用,它與獨立性原則的結(jié)合能夠更好的發(fā)揮信用證獨立性的作用。所以在運用欺詐來阻止獨立性原則的時候,要嚴格按照標準執(zhí)行,不能隨意濫用欺詐例外原則。 隨著我國貿(mào)易的不斷增加,近些年,我國也頻繁地出現(xiàn)各種信用證欺詐的案件,在我國的立法和司法實踐中還沒有專門的法律來規(guī)范,在實踐中也表現(xiàn)得較為混亂,這都需要我們努力的研究信用證的相關制度,使信用證制度在我國能夠更好的發(fā)揮其作用,來促進我國的貿(mào)易發(fā)展。
[Abstract]:With the gradual integration of the world trade pattern and the emergence of transregional transactions, how to settle the accounts in the cross-regional trade has become a problem that businessmen must consider. From the end of the eighteenth century to the beginning of the nineteenth century, the system of letters of credit gradually matured. A letter of credit is a tool used to pay for the goods in international circulation. It successfully converts the commercial credit between the parties to the contract into bank credit, thus making it possible in international trade settlement, The seller's risk is greatly reduced. The root of the good development of the L / C system lies in the principle of the independence of the L / C. The principle of the independence of a letter of credit means that when the parties to the contract agree to use the letter of credit as a settlement instrument, the applicant opens a letter of credit with the bank, and when the letter of credit is opened, it is independent of the basic contract in trade. No longer bound by the underlying contract, the buyer cannot invoke the defense in the underlying contract to instruct the bank to refuse to pay. The independence principle of letter of credit has its unique value, which makes international trade settle safely and quickly. However, all things should be divided into two, the independence of letter of credit is no exception, and its domestic practice level is relatively low. In order to standardize the use of letter of credit system and to reduce the appearance of fraud, businessmen have created an exception to the principle of independence in the process of application, that is, the exception principle of letter of credit fraud. "exception" means that the principle of independence is no longer applicable in letter of credit transactions as a result of fraud, that is, banks are allowed not to accept documents in the case of "conformity of documents, only conformity". Although the principle of fraud exception of letter of credit is completely opposite to independence in legal theory and operation, it plays a driving role to the principle of independence, and the combination of the principle of independence and the principle of independence can play a better role in the independence of letter of credit. Therefore, when using fraud to prevent independence principle, we should strictly abide by the standard and should not abuse the fraud exception principle at will. With the increasing trade in our country, in recent years, there have been frequent cases of various letter of credit fraud in our country. In our country's legislation and judicial practice, there is no special law to standardize, in practice also show more confusion, which requires us to work hard to study the letter of credit system, so that the letter of credit system in our country can play a better role. To promote China's trade development.
【學位授予單位】：天津財經(jīng)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：D996.2

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