本文選題：貨物原產(chǎn)地規(guī)則 + WTO原產(chǎn)地規(guī)則協(xié)定��； 參考：《華東政法大學(xué)》2012年博士論文

【摘要】：論文分為五章，第一章是對(duì)貨物原產(chǎn)地規(guī)則的概述，論述了貨物原產(chǎn)地規(guī)則的基本理論，包括貨物原產(chǎn)地規(guī)則的概念、分類、主要內(nèi)容等。原產(chǎn)地規(guī)則是指任何國(guó)家或地區(qū)為確定貨物原產(chǎn)地而實(shí)施的普遍適用的法律、法規(guī)和行政裁決。目前，世界上大部分國(guó)家將貨物原產(chǎn)地標(biāo)準(zhǔn)分為兩大類，即完全獲得標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和實(shí)質(zhì)性改變標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。完全獲得標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是指用以判斷貨物完全在某一國(guó)家內(nèi)生產(chǎn)或制造的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。符合完全獲得標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的貨物又稱完全原產(chǎn)貨物，不包含任何從第三國(guó)進(jìn)口或來源不明的原材料和零部件。由于此類貨物只涉及一個(gè)國(guó)家，技術(shù)上容易判斷和界定，世界各國(guó)分歧較小。實(shí)質(zhì)性改變標(biāo)準(zhǔn)通常包括稅則分類改變標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、從價(jià)百分比標(biāo)準(zhǔn)及制造或加工工序標(biāo)準(zhǔn)三種具體標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。原產(chǎn)地規(guī)則最主要的分類方式是根據(jù)是否與優(yōu)惠待遇直接關(guān)聯(lián)而分為優(yōu)惠性原產(chǎn)地規(guī)則和非優(yōu)惠性原產(chǎn)地規(guī)則。 第二章是關(guān)于WTO《原產(chǎn)地規(guī)則協(xié)定》的論述。長(zhǎng)期以來，原產(chǎn)地規(guī)則缺乏多邊紀(jì)律約束，各國(guó)各行其是，原產(chǎn)地規(guī)則從一種中性的海關(guān)技術(shù)措施演變?yōu)閷?shí)施貿(mào)易保護(hù)主義政策的工具。烏拉圭回合將原產(chǎn)地規(guī)則納入到談判內(nèi)容，并最終通過了《原產(chǎn)地規(guī)則協(xié)定》，擴(kuò)大了多邊貿(mào)易體制的約束范圍。本章對(duì)《原產(chǎn)地規(guī)則協(xié)定》的宗旨與原則、定義與適用范圍、實(shí)施原產(chǎn)地規(guī)則的紀(jì)律、爭(zhēng)端程序安排、原產(chǎn)地規(guī)則的協(xié)調(diào)等問題進(jìn)行了論述�！对a(chǎn)地規(guī)則協(xié)定》僅適用于那些非優(yōu)惠性商業(yè)政策領(lǐng)域，將那些用于契約性或自主性的優(yōu)惠性原產(chǎn)地規(guī)則排除在外。優(yōu)惠性原產(chǎn)地規(guī)則僅制定某些紀(jì)律。原產(chǎn)地規(guī)則國(guó)際協(xié)調(diào)的談判從1995年7月開始，原計(jì)劃應(yīng)該在3年之內(nèi)完成，但由于各國(guó)對(duì)于與非優(yōu)惠性原產(chǎn)地規(guī)則相關(guān)的諸多貿(mào)易政策立場(chǎng)差異大，對(duì)制訂貨物特定原產(chǎn)地規(guī)則的尺度有不同的主張，到2011年12月，協(xié)調(diào)工作仍未完成。 第三章是關(guān)于普惠制貨物原產(chǎn)地規(guī)則的論述。本章介紹了歐盟、美國(guó)、加拿大、日本等國(guó)的普惠制原產(chǎn)地規(guī)則。普惠制原產(chǎn)地規(guī)則是各給惠國(guó)關(guān)于受惠國(guó)出口產(chǎn)品享受普惠制待遇必備的條件的規(guī)定，是普惠制的重要組成部分和核心。為了確保普惠制關(guān)稅優(yōu)惠待遇僅給予在發(fā)展中國(guó)家生產(chǎn)、收獲和制造，并從發(fā)展中國(guó)家出運(yùn)的產(chǎn)品，各給惠國(guó)都制定了相應(yīng)的原產(chǎn)地規(guī)則，用以衡量受惠國(guó)的出口產(chǎn)品是否可以取得普惠制的原產(chǎn)地資格。在當(dāng)前的國(guó)際實(shí)踐中，一般是由各給惠國(guó)根據(jù)本國(guó)的立法程序，分別制定各自的普惠制原產(chǎn)地規(guī)則，給惠國(guó)擁有相當(dāng)大的自由裁量權(quán)和決定權(quán)。如許多國(guó)家規(guī)定了給惠國(guó)成分，但涉及敏感產(chǎn)品時(shí)，卻排除其適用，如日本對(duì)皮革產(chǎn)品、紡織品、鞋帽類產(chǎn)品就不適用給惠國(guó)成分規(guī)則。嚴(yán)格地說，國(guó)際上現(xiàn)行的普惠制原產(chǎn)地規(guī)則實(shí)際上就是各給惠國(guó)各種不同的普惠制原產(chǎn)地規(guī)則的簡(jiǎn)單湊合，受惠國(guó)毫無(wú)發(fā)言權(quán)，受惠國(guó)為了獲得關(guān)稅優(yōu)惠，只能是被動(dòng)地接受這些普惠制原產(chǎn)地規(guī)則，給惠國(guó)為保護(hù)國(guó)內(nèi)相關(guān)產(chǎn)業(yè)，利用原產(chǎn)地規(guī)則設(shè)置種種條件和限制，使普惠制的實(shí)際利用率大大降低。許多發(fā)展中國(guó)家，特別是最不發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家，在國(guó)際貿(mào)易中越來越被邊緣化。 第四章論述了區(qū)域貿(mào)易安排中的貨物原產(chǎn)地規(guī)則。WTO多哈回合談判陷入僵局，區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)一體化加速發(fā)展，在區(qū)域貿(mào)易協(xié)定中，原產(chǎn)地規(guī)則占據(jù)了核心的位置。其原因在于，原產(chǎn)地規(guī)則可以確保在本區(qū)域內(nèi)發(fā)生“實(shí)質(zhì)性改變”的產(chǎn)品（而不是通過某個(gè)成員國(guó)簡(jiǎn)單地轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)到區(qū)域內(nèi)的產(chǎn)品）得到優(yōu)先市場(chǎng)準(zhǔn)入資格。如果沒有原產(chǎn)地規(guī)則，則來自第三方國(guó)家的產(chǎn)品可以隨意進(jìn)入?yún)^(qū)域內(nèi)，從而使區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)一體化的意義大打折扣。本章主要論述NAFTA和泛歐的優(yōu)惠原產(chǎn)地規(guī)則，這兩種原產(chǎn)地規(guī)則都對(duì)于其它區(qū)域協(xié)議的原產(chǎn)地規(guī)則產(chǎn)生了巨大的影響。泛歐的產(chǎn)品特定規(guī)則有章號(hào)和品目號(hào)兩個(gè)層次。另外，還用“ex”符號(hào)來標(biāo)記特定產(chǎn)品。而NAFTA產(chǎn)品特定規(guī)則有品目號(hào)、子目號(hào)和項(xiàng)目號(hào)三個(gè)層次。泛歐原產(chǎn)地規(guī)則對(duì)于農(nóng)產(chǎn)品的產(chǎn)品特定規(guī)則相對(duì)嚴(yán)格一些。而NAFTA規(guī)則對(duì)于紡織品、服裝和機(jī)動(dòng)車產(chǎn)品有更多的限制性要求。NAFTA規(guī)則基本上是遵循稅號(hào)改變?cè)瓌t，一般不采用制造或加工工序來決定原產(chǎn)資格。 第五章分析了中國(guó)貨物原產(chǎn)地規(guī)則，并對(duì)中國(guó)原產(chǎn)地規(guī)則的完善提出了一些建議。中國(guó)原產(chǎn)地規(guī)則立法起步晚，立法水平不高。中國(guó)應(yīng)結(jié)合本國(guó)的產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略、產(chǎn)品在本國(guó)市場(chǎng)及對(duì)外貿(mào)易中的地位、產(chǎn)品的市場(chǎng)潛力、產(chǎn)品的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)程度等，在制定原產(chǎn)地規(guī)則時(shí)，，充分利用制造或加工工序標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，完善貨物原產(chǎn)地規(guī)則，以達(dá)到調(diào)整產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)，促進(jìn)產(chǎn)業(yè)升級(jí)的目標(biāo)。
[Abstract]:The first chapter is divided into five chapters. The first chapter is an overview of the rules of origin of goods, the basic theory of the rules of origin of goods, including the concept, classification and main contents of the rules of origin of goods. The rules of origin refer to the universal applicable laws, regulations and administrative adjudication of any country or region for the determination of the origin of goods. Most countries in the world divide the standard of origin of goods into two categories: complete standard and substantive change standard. The complete acquisition standard refers to the standard used to judge the complete production or manufacture of the goods in a certain country. The goods in conformity with the complete standard are also known as complete original goods, and do not include any import from a third country. Raw materials and parts of unknown origin. Because such goods are only involved in one country, it is technically easy to judge and define, the differences between countries in the world are small. The standard of substantive change usually includes the classification of tax rules, the standard of the price percentage and the standard of three kinds of manufacturing or processing procedure. The most important classification of rules of origin. It is divided into preferential rules of origin and non preferential rules of origin based on whether they are directly related to preferential treatment.
The second chapter is the discussion about the WTO< rules of origin agreement. For a long time, rules of origin lack multilateral discipline, each country has its own way, the rules of origin have evolved from a neutral customs technical measure into a tool for implementing trade protectionism. The Uruguay round has incorporated the rules of origin into the negotiations and finally passed it. The agreement on rules of origin has expanded the limits of the multilateral trading system. This chapter discusses the purposes and principles of the agreement on rules of origin, the definition and scope of application, the discipline of the implementation of rules of origin, the arrangement of disputes procedures, and the coordination of rules of origin. The agreement on rules of origin only applies to those non preferential businesses. The policy area excludes the preferential rules of origin for contractual or autonomy. Preferential rules of origin only formulate certain disciplines. The negotiations on international coordination of rules of origin start in July 1995 and the original plan should be completed within 3 years, but due to many trade related to non preferential rules of origin. Policy positions differ widely, and there are different opinions on the scale of specific rules of origin of goods. By December 2011, the coordination work has not yet been completed.
The third chapter is about the rules of origin of the GSP goods. This chapter introduces the rules of origin of the GSP in the EU, the United States, Canada and Japan. The rules of origin of the GSP are the necessary conditions for the benefit countries to enjoy the benefits of the GSP for the export products of the beneficiary countries, and are the important components and core of the GSP. To ensure that the preferential treatment of GP is only given to the developing countries to produce, harvest and manufacture, and to produce products shipped from developing countries, and the corresponding rules of origin are formulated by all the beneficiaries in order to measure whether the export products of the beneficiary countries can obtain the GSP. According to their own legislative procedures, Wyo formulated their respective rules of origin of origin of GSP respectively, giving a considerable discretion and decision to benefit countries. Many countries have stipulated the components of the state of benefit, but when it comes to sensitive products, they are excluded from their application, such as Japanese for leather products, textiles and shoes and hats. Strictly speaking, the current rules of origin of the general rule of origin in the world are in fact the simple improvise of the different rules of origin of various GSP, the beneficiary countries have no right to speak. In order to obtain preferential tariff concessions, the beneficiary can only passively accept the rules of the GSP original production place, and give the beneficiary to protect the domestic related industries and use it. The rules of origin set various conditions and restrictions to reduce the actual utilization of the GSP. Many developing countries, especially the least developed countries, are becoming more and more marginalized in international trade.
The fourth chapter deals with the deadlock in the Doha round of rules of origin of goods in regional trade arrangements and the accelerated development of regional economic integration. In the regional trade agreements, rules of origin occupy the core position. The reason is that rules of origin can ensure "substantial changes" in the region. If there is no rule of origin, the products from third countries can enter the region at will, so that the significance of regional economic integration can be discounted. This chapter mainly deals with the two kinds of preferential rules of origin of NAFTA and Pan European. Rules of origin have a great influence on the rules of origin of other regional agreements. The specific rules of Pan European products are two levels of chapter and item number. In addition, the "ex" symbol is used to mark specific products. The specific rules of NAFTA products include three levels of item number, suborder number and item number. Product specific rules are relatively strict, and the NAFTA rules have more restrictive requirements for textiles, clothing and motor vehicles. The.NAFTA rules are basically the principle of changing the tax number, and generally do not use the manufacturing or processing procedures to determine the qualification of the original production.
The fifth chapter analyzes the rules of origin of Chinese goods, and puts forward some suggestions on the perfection of rules of origin of China. The legislation of Chinese rules of origin is late and the level of legislation is not high. China should combine its own industrial development strategy, the position of the product in the domestic market and foreign trade, the market potential of the product, the competition degree of the product, etc. In the formulation of rules of origin, making full use of the standards of manufacturing or processing procedures and improving the rules of origin of goods in order to achieve the goal of adjusting the industrial structure and promoting the upgrading of the industry.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華東政法大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：D996.1

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本文編號(hào)：1989498