本文選題：貨物原產(chǎn)地規(guī)則 + WTO原產(chǎn)地規(guī)則協(xié)定��； 參考：《華東政法大學(xué)》2012年博士論文

【摘要】：論文分為五章，第一章是對貨物原產(chǎn)地規(guī)則的概述，論述了貨物原產(chǎn)地規(guī)則的基本理論，包括貨物原產(chǎn)地規(guī)則的概念、分類、主要內(nèi)容等。原產(chǎn)地規(guī)則是指任何國家或地區(qū)為確定貨物原產(chǎn)地而實施的普遍適用的法律、法規(guī)和行政裁決。目前，世界上大部分國家將貨物原產(chǎn)地標(biāo)準(zhǔn)分為兩大類，即完全獲得標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和實質(zhì)性改變標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。完全獲得標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是指用以判斷貨物完全在某一國家內(nèi)生產(chǎn)或制造的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。符合完全獲得標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的貨物又稱完全原產(chǎn)貨物，不包含任何從第三國進口或來源不明的原材料和零部件。由于此類貨物只涉及一個國家，技術(shù)上容易判斷和界定，世界各國分歧較小。實質(zhì)性改變標(biāo)準(zhǔn)通常包括稅則分類改變標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、從價百分比標(biāo)準(zhǔn)及制造或加工工序標(biāo)準(zhǔn)三種具體標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。原產(chǎn)地規(guī)則最主要的分類方式是根據(jù)是否與優(yōu)惠待遇直接關(guān)聯(lián)而分為優(yōu)惠性原產(chǎn)地規(guī)則和非優(yōu)惠性原產(chǎn)地規(guī)則。 第二章是關(guān)于WTO《原產(chǎn)地規(guī)則協(xié)定》的論述。長期以來，原產(chǎn)地規(guī)則缺乏多邊紀(jì)律約束，各國各行其是，原產(chǎn)地規(guī)則從一種中性的海關(guān)技術(shù)措施演變?yōu)閷嵤┵Q(mào)易保護主義政策的工具。烏拉圭回合將原產(chǎn)地規(guī)則納入到談判內(nèi)容，并最終通過了《原產(chǎn)地規(guī)則協(xié)定》，擴大了多邊貿(mào)易體制的約束范圍。本章對《原產(chǎn)地規(guī)則協(xié)定》的宗旨與原則、定義與適用范圍、實施原產(chǎn)地規(guī)則的紀(jì)律、爭端程序安排、原產(chǎn)地規(guī)則的協(xié)調(diào)等問題進行了論述。《原產(chǎn)地規(guī)則協(xié)定》僅適用于那些非優(yōu)惠性商業(yè)政策領(lǐng)域，將那些用于契約性或自主性的優(yōu)惠性原產(chǎn)地規(guī)則排除在外。優(yōu)惠性原產(chǎn)地規(guī)則僅制定某些紀(jì)律。原產(chǎn)地規(guī)則國際協(xié)調(diào)的談判從1995年7月開始，原計劃應(yīng)該在3年之內(nèi)完成，但由于各國對于與非優(yōu)惠性原產(chǎn)地規(guī)則相關(guān)的諸多貿(mào)易政策立場差異大，對制訂貨物特定原產(chǎn)地規(guī)則的尺度有不同的主張，到2011年12月，協(xié)調(diào)工作仍未完成。 第三章是關(guān)于普惠制貨物原產(chǎn)地規(guī)則的論述。本章介紹了歐盟、美國、加拿大、日本等國的普惠制原產(chǎn)地規(guī)則。普惠制原產(chǎn)地規(guī)則是各給惠國關(guān)于受惠國出口產(chǎn)品享受普惠制待遇必備的條件的規(guī)定，是普惠制的重要組成部分和核心。為了確保普惠制關(guān)稅優(yōu)惠待遇僅給予在發(fā)展中國家生產(chǎn)、收獲和制造，并從發(fā)展中國家出運的產(chǎn)品，各給惠國都制定了相應(yīng)的原產(chǎn)地規(guī)則，用以衡量受惠國的出口產(chǎn)品是否可以取得普惠制的原產(chǎn)地資格。在當(dāng)前的國際實踐中，一般是由各給惠國根據(jù)本國的立法程序，分別制定各自的普惠制原產(chǎn)地規(guī)則，給惠國擁有相當(dāng)大的自由裁量權(quán)和決定權(quán)。如許多國家規(guī)定了給惠國成分，但涉及敏感產(chǎn)品時，卻排除其適用，如日本對皮革產(chǎn)品、紡織品、鞋帽類產(chǎn)品就不適用給惠國成分規(guī)則。嚴(yán)格地說，國際上現(xiàn)行的普惠制原產(chǎn)地規(guī)則實際上就是各給惠國各種不同的普惠制原產(chǎn)地規(guī)則的簡單湊合，受惠國毫無發(fā)言權(quán)，受惠國為了獲得關(guān)稅優(yōu)惠，只能是被動地接受這些普惠制原產(chǎn)地規(guī)則，給惠國為保護國內(nèi)相關(guān)產(chǎn)業(yè)，利用原產(chǎn)地規(guī)則設(shè)置種種條件和限制，使普惠制的實際利用率大大降低。許多發(fā)展中國家，特別是最不發(fā)達國家，在國際貿(mào)易中越來越被邊緣化。 第四章論述了區(qū)域貿(mào)易安排中的貨物原產(chǎn)地規(guī)則。WTO多哈回合談判陷入僵局，區(qū)域經(jīng)濟一體化加速發(fā)展，在區(qū)域貿(mào)易協(xié)定中，原產(chǎn)地規(guī)則占據(jù)了核心的位置。其原因在于，原產(chǎn)地規(guī)則可以確保在本區(qū)域內(nèi)發(fā)生“實質(zhì)性改變”的產(chǎn)品（而不是通過某個成員國簡單地轉(zhuǎn)運到區(qū)域內(nèi)的產(chǎn)品）得到優(yōu)先市場準(zhǔn)入資格。如果沒有原產(chǎn)地規(guī)則，則來自第三方國家的產(chǎn)品可以隨意進入?yún)^(qū)域內(nèi)，從而使區(qū)域經(jīng)濟一體化的意義大打折扣。本章主要論述NAFTA和泛歐的優(yōu)惠原產(chǎn)地規(guī)則，這兩種原產(chǎn)地規(guī)則都對于其它區(qū)域協(xié)議的原產(chǎn)地規(guī)則產(chǎn)生了巨大的影響。泛歐的產(chǎn)品特定規(guī)則有章號和品目號兩個層次。另外，還用“ex”符號來標(biāo)記特定產(chǎn)品。而NAFTA產(chǎn)品特定規(guī)則有品目號、子目號和項目號三個層次。泛歐原產(chǎn)地規(guī)則對于農(nóng)產(chǎn)品的產(chǎn)品特定規(guī)則相對嚴(yán)格一些。而NAFTA規(guī)則對于紡織品、服裝和機動車產(chǎn)品有更多的限制性要求。NAFTA規(guī)則基本上是遵循稅號改變原則，一般不采用制造或加工工序來決定原產(chǎn)資格。 第五章分析了中國貨物原產(chǎn)地規(guī)則，并對中國原產(chǎn)地規(guī)則的完善提出了一些建議。中國原產(chǎn)地規(guī)則立法起步晚，立法水平不高。中國應(yīng)結(jié)合本國的產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略、產(chǎn)品在本國市場及對外貿(mào)易中的地位、產(chǎn)品的市場潛力、產(chǎn)品的競爭程度等，在制定原產(chǎn)地規(guī)則時，，充分利用制造或加工工序標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，完善貨物原產(chǎn)地規(guī)則，以達到調(diào)整產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)，促進產(chǎn)業(yè)升級的目標(biāo)。
[Abstract]:The first chapter is divided into five chapters. The first chapter is an overview of the rules of origin of goods, the basic theory of the rules of origin of goods, including the concept, classification and main contents of the rules of origin of goods. The rules of origin refer to the universal applicable laws, regulations and administrative adjudication of any country or region for the determination of the origin of goods. Most countries in the world divide the standard of origin of goods into two categories: complete standard and substantive change standard. The complete acquisition standard refers to the standard used to judge the complete production or manufacture of the goods in a certain country. The goods in conformity with the complete standard are also known as complete original goods, and do not include any import from a third country. Raw materials and parts of unknown origin. Because such goods are only involved in one country, it is technically easy to judge and define, the differences between countries in the world are small. The standard of substantive change usually includes the classification of tax rules, the standard of the price percentage and the standard of three kinds of manufacturing or processing procedure. The most important classification of rules of origin. It is divided into preferential rules of origin and non preferential rules of origin based on whether they are directly related to preferential treatment.
The second chapter is the discussion about the WTO< rules of origin agreement. For a long time, rules of origin lack multilateral discipline, each country has its own way, the rules of origin have evolved from a neutral customs technical measure into a tool for implementing trade protectionism. The Uruguay round has incorporated the rules of origin into the negotiations and finally passed it. The agreement on rules of origin has expanded the limits of the multilateral trading system. This chapter discusses the purposes and principles of the agreement on rules of origin, the definition and scope of application, the discipline of the implementation of rules of origin, the arrangement of disputes procedures, and the coordination of rules of origin. The agreement on rules of origin only applies to those non preferential businesses. The policy area excludes the preferential rules of origin for contractual or autonomy. Preferential rules of origin only formulate certain disciplines. The negotiations on international coordination of rules of origin start in July 1995 and the original plan should be completed within 3 years, but due to many trade related to non preferential rules of origin. Policy positions differ widely, and there are different opinions on the scale of specific rules of origin of goods. By December 2011, the coordination work has not yet been completed.
The third chapter is about the rules of origin of the GSP goods. This chapter introduces the rules of origin of the GSP in the EU, the United States, Canada and Japan. The rules of origin of the GSP are the necessary conditions for the benefit countries to enjoy the benefits of the GSP for the export products of the beneficiary countries, and are the important components and core of the GSP. To ensure that the preferential treatment of GP is only given to the developing countries to produce, harvest and manufacture, and to produce products shipped from developing countries, and the corresponding rules of origin are formulated by all the beneficiaries in order to measure whether the export products of the beneficiary countries can obtain the GSP. According to their own legislative procedures, Wyo formulated their respective rules of origin of origin of GSP respectively, giving a considerable discretion and decision to benefit countries. Many countries have stipulated the components of the state of benefit, but when it comes to sensitive products, they are excluded from their application, such as Japanese for leather products, textiles and shoes and hats. Strictly speaking, the current rules of origin of the general rule of origin in the world are in fact the simple improvise of the different rules of origin of various GSP, the beneficiary countries have no right to speak. In order to obtain preferential tariff concessions, the beneficiary can only passively accept the rules of the GSP original production place, and give the beneficiary to protect the domestic related industries and use it. The rules of origin set various conditions and restrictions to reduce the actual utilization of the GSP. Many developing countries, especially the least developed countries, are becoming more and more marginalized in international trade.
The fourth chapter deals with the deadlock in the Doha round of rules of origin of goods in regional trade arrangements and the accelerated development of regional economic integration. In the regional trade agreements, rules of origin occupy the core position. The reason is that rules of origin can ensure "substantial changes" in the region. If there is no rule of origin, the products from third countries can enter the region at will, so that the significance of regional economic integration can be discounted. This chapter mainly deals with the two kinds of preferential rules of origin of NAFTA and Pan European. Rules of origin have a great influence on the rules of origin of other regional agreements. The specific rules of Pan European products are two levels of chapter and item number. In addition, the "ex" symbol is used to mark specific products. The specific rules of NAFTA products include three levels of item number, suborder number and item number. Product specific rules are relatively strict, and the NAFTA rules have more restrictive requirements for textiles, clothing and motor vehicles. The.NAFTA rules are basically the principle of changing the tax number, and generally do not use the manufacturing or processing procedures to determine the qualification of the original production.
The fifth chapter analyzes the rules of origin of Chinese goods, and puts forward some suggestions on the perfection of rules of origin of China. The legislation of Chinese rules of origin is late and the level of legislation is not high. China should combine its own industrial development strategy, the position of the product in the domestic market and foreign trade, the market potential of the product, the competition degree of the product, etc. In the formulation of rules of origin, making full use of the standards of manufacturing or processing procedures and improving the rules of origin of goods in order to achieve the goal of adjusting the industrial structure and promoting the upgrading of the industry.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華東政法大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：D996.1

【參考文獻】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條

1 孟國碧;;普惠制原產(chǎn)地規(guī)則研究——以歐盟為中心[J];北京理工大學(xué)學(xué)報(社會科學(xué)版);2010年04期

2 萬光彩;劉莉;;“原產(chǎn)地”統(tǒng)計原則、“所有權(quán)”統(tǒng)計原則與中美貿(mào)易不平衡[J];財貿(mào)經(jīng)濟;2007年01期

3 趙晉平;方晉;;區(qū)域貿(mào)易安排中原產(chǎn)地規(guī)則的國際比較[J];對外經(jīng)貿(mào)實務(wù);2008年06期

4 李婧;;中國FTA實踐的原產(chǎn)地規(guī)則評析[J];福建論壇(人文社會科學(xué)版);2010年09期

5 韓龍;;IMF匯率監(jiān)督制度的新發(fā)展及其對策[J];法商研究;2008年02期

6 孟國碧;;優(yōu)惠性原產(chǎn)地規(guī)則中的累積規(guī)則研究[J];法學(xué)家;2008年03期

7 孟國碧;;優(yōu)惠性原產(chǎn)地規(guī)則的現(xiàn)實困境及其改革[J];法學(xué);2008年07期

8 趙維田;關(guān)貿(mào)總協(xié)定與原產(chǎn)地規(guī)則[J];國際貿(mào)易問題;1994年04期

9 劉光溪;區(qū)域集團與多邊貿(mào)易體制關(guān)系的核心——“互補性競爭”[J];國際貿(mào)易問題;1997年03期

10 喻春嬌,鄭寶銀;國際生產(chǎn)分割條件下的原產(chǎn)地規(guī)則:扭曲效應(yīng)及其改革與協(xié)調(diào)[J];國際貿(mào)易問題;2004年09期

相關(guān)博士學(xué)位論文 前1條

1 厲力;論原產(chǎn)地規(guī)則及其在區(qū)域貿(mào)易安排中的適用[D];華東政法大學(xué);2008年

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前4條

1 洪永洋;原產(chǎn)地規(guī)則在反傾銷反規(guī)避中的運用[D];蘇州大學(xué);2007年

2 李婧;中國FTA實踐的原產(chǎn)地規(guī)則評析[D];廈門大學(xué);2009年

3 胡蘆丹;歐盟原產(chǎn)地規(guī)則研究[D];湘潭大學(xué);2009年

4 劉艷;NAFTA紡織品和服裝原產(chǎn)地規(guī)則[D];中國政法大學(xué);2010年

本文編號：1989498