本文選題：氣候變化 + 國際投資協(xié)定　； 參考：《中南財經(jīng)政法大學》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：如今,氣候變化已然成為各國共同面臨的嚴峻挑戰(zhàn)之一,聯(lián)合國政府間氣候變化專門委員會第五次評估報告指出,氣候變暖已是不爭的事實,其可能對全球自然環(huán)境及經(jīng)濟社會發(fā)展造成深遠的乃至毀滅性的影響。因此,各國采取措施遏制或減緩氣候變暖、適應氣候變化,刻不容緩。國際投資協(xié)定在應對氣候變化帶來的挑戰(zhàn)方面發(fā)揮著重要作用。一方面,其可以通過鼓勵低碳經(jīng)濟投資實現(xiàn)溫室氣體排放量的減少,而另一方面,由于傳統(tǒng)國際投資協(xié)定側重于投資保護,因此并未對氣候變化等公共利益給予充分的關注。在氣候變化背景下,東道國采取減緩和適應氣候變化的措施很可能損害投資者的利益,而國際投資協(xié)定中的關鍵條款對氣候變化的忽視則很可能使得東道國在國際投資仲裁中敗訴并為此承擔責任。國際投資法正處于調整與更新的關鍵時期,融入了可持續(xù)發(fā)展理念的新一代國際投資協(xié)定正在逐步發(fā)展。在這一綜合背景下,考察現(xiàn)有投資協(xié)定,以可持續(xù)發(fā)展原則為指導,研究如何起草納入氣候關切等公共利益的新一代投資協(xié)定的重要意義不言而明。因此,本文分析了國際投資協(xié)定中與應對氣候變化相關的關鍵條款,如國民待遇條款、最惠國待遇條款等。事實上,國際投資仲裁中缺乏遵循先例原則使得仲裁庭對于投資協(xié)定中的投資保護條款存在著不同甚至相反的解釋。本文旨在對完善投資協(xié)定以確保東道國應對氣候變化的政策空間提出建議。如對投資協(xié)定的關鍵條款予以限定并使這些條款具有積極促進環(huán)境保護和關切氣候變化的性質,以及在國際投資協(xié)定中加入促進氣候友好型外國直接投資的激勵措施等。本文除了引言和結語之外,共分為四個部分:第一部分主要分析國際投資協(xié)定與應對氣候變化的關系,從氣候變化的嚴峻性、國際投資協(xié)定對氣候變化的重要影響以及國際投資領域呈現(xiàn)出的可持續(xù)發(fā)展的投資政策趨勢這三個方面解釋了為何國際投資協(xié)定需要體現(xiàn)出氣候關切;第二部分研究投資者借以挑戰(zhàn)氣候相關措施的國際投資協(xié)定中的關鍵條款,其中包含序言條款、實體性條款如征收條款等及投資者—東道國爭端解決機制;第三部分探討如何使得國際投資協(xié)定更有利于應對氣候變化,主要從對投資協(xié)定關鍵條款進行改進、納入新條款如明確投資者及投資者母國義務和利用投資激勵措施等促進氣候友好型投資幾個方面展開;第四部分分析我國如何改進投資協(xié)定以利于應對氣候變化及我國企業(yè)在氣候變化背景下對外投資應當注意的問題。
[Abstract]:Today, climate change has become one of the serious challenges facing all countries. The fifth assessment report of the United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate change points out that climate change has become an indisputable fact. It may have far-reaching and even devastating effects on the global natural environment and economic and social development. Therefore, it is urgent for countries to take measures to curb or slow climate change and adapt to climate change. IIAS play an important role in addressing the challenges posed by climate change. On the one hand, it can reduce greenhouse gas emissions by encouraging low-carbon economic investment, and on the other hand, because traditional IIAS focus on investment protection, it does not pay sufficient attention to public interests such as climate change. In the context of climate change, measures taken by host countries to mitigate and adapt to climate change are likely to harm the interests of investors, The neglect of climate change in the key provisions of IIAS is likely to result in the host country losing its claim in international investment arbitration and taking responsibility for it. The international investment law is in the key period of adjustment and renewal, and the new generation of international investment agreements, which incorporate the concept of sustainable development, is developing step by step. In this comprehensive context, the importance of examining existing investment agreements, guided by the principles of sustainable development, and studying how to draft a new generation of investment agreements that incorporate public interests, such as climate concerns, is not clear. Therefore, this paper analyzes the key clauses related to climate change in IIAS, such as national treatment clause, most-favored-nation clause and so on. In fact, the lack of precedent in international investment arbitration makes the arbitral tribunal have different or even opposite interpretations of the investment protection clause in the investment agreement. The purpose of this paper is to provide suggestions for perfecting investment agreements to ensure the policy space for host countries to deal with climate change. Such as the qualification of key provisions of investment agreements and their positive nature of promoting environmental protection and climate change concerns, as well as the inclusion of incentives to promote climate-friendly foreign direct investment in international investment agreements. In addition to the introduction and conclusion, this paper is divided into four parts: the first part mainly analyzes the relationship between international investment agreements and the response to climate change, from the severity of climate change, The important impact of IIAS on climate change and the emerging trends in investment policies for sustainable development in the field of international investment explain why IIAS need to reflect climate concerns; The second part studies the key provisions of international investment agreements in which investors challenge climate-related measures, including preamble clauses, substantive provisions such as expropriation clauses, and investor-host country dispute settlement mechanism; The third part explores ways to make IIAS more responsive to climate change, mainly by improving key provisions of IIAS, The introduction of new provisions such as clear investors and investor home country obligations and use of investment incentives to promote climate-friendly investment in several aspects; The fourth part analyzes how to improve China's investment agreements in order to deal with climate change and the problems that Chinese enterprises should pay attention to in the context of climate change.
【學位授予單位】：中南財經(jīng)政法大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：D996.4

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本文編號：1984691