本文選題：跨國(guó)公司 + 資本弱化�。� 參考：《西南政法大學(xué)》2011年碩士論文

【摘要】：跨國(guó)公司在經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化發(fā)展中起著重要的推動(dòng)作用,增加資本在國(guó)際間的流通,實(shí)現(xiàn)企業(yè)整體利益最大化。為追求利潤(rùn)的最大化,跨國(guó)投資者往往利用各國(guó)稅收制度的差異謀求不正當(dāng)?shù)臏p輕稅負(fù),國(guó)際避稅問(wèn)題隨之產(chǎn)生。近年來(lái),具有高度復(fù)雜性和隱蔽性的避稅方式——資本弱化引起人們的關(guān)注。資本弱化就是指公司投資者在籌集公司資本時(shí),有意識(shí)的提高負(fù)債融資比例,從而相應(yīng)降低股本融資的比例,增加利息獲得更多的稅前費(fèi)用扣除,減少應(yīng)納稅款,給東道國(guó)和資本輸出國(guó)造成嚴(yán)重的危害。 本文的寫(xiě)作原因是基于目前資本弱化給我國(guó)的稅收主權(quán)造成了嚴(yán)重的損害。如果不加以防范和規(guī)制不僅造成我國(guó)稅收損失,還會(huì)造成我國(guó)投資環(huán)境差的假象,影響我國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)的快速、健康和有序發(fā)展。為了很好的規(guī)制資本弱化,文章從資本弱化的基礎(chǔ)理論開(kāi)始研究。首先關(guān)注資本弱化現(xiàn)象的是美國(guó)的經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家,從MM理論到修正后的MM理論,初步揭示了在稅收制度前提下企業(yè)怎樣進(jìn)行資本結(jié)構(gòu)安排才能實(shí)現(xiàn)企業(yè)價(jià)值的最大化。隨后法學(xué)家們從法律的視角出發(fā),研究在稅收環(huán)境下資本弱化的產(chǎn)生原因,內(nèi)在本質(zhì),表現(xiàn)形式,采用的方法以及給國(guó)家,社會(huì)和他人帶來(lái)的影響。我國(guó)直到上世紀(jì)九十年代末才有學(xué)者關(guān)注資本弱化現(xiàn)象,主要的研究成果是建立在外國(guó)立法和實(shí)踐經(jīng)驗(yàn)的基礎(chǔ)上。 本文主要探討了資本弱化的規(guī)制方法:“正常交易原則”和“固定比例法”。正常交易原則注重對(duì)個(gè)案進(jìn)行研究,在公開(kāi)公平的市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)體制下,關(guān)聯(lián)企業(yè)間進(jìn)行交易活動(dòng)時(shí),其交易條件應(yīng)于無(wú)關(guān)聯(lián)關(guān)系的企業(yè)進(jìn)行交易活動(dòng)時(shí)相同,是實(shí)質(zhì)優(yōu)于形式法律原則的具體適用。但由于其具有極大的不確定性,任意性和不具有經(jīng)濟(jì)性,世界上采用這一原則的國(guó)家不多。固定比例法是給企業(yè)規(guī)定一個(gè)科學(xué)合理的資產(chǎn)結(jié)構(gòu)比,用以指導(dǎo)企業(yè)融資時(shí)的債務(wù)資本和權(quán)益資本的安排。固定比例法確定了一個(gè)明確的執(zhí)法依據(jù)和標(biāo)準(zhǔn),具有操作性,提高了實(shí)務(wù)部門(mén)的工作效率,節(jié)約了司法成本。所以,世界上許多國(guó)家采用此方法規(guī)制資本弱化。但是,固定比例法忽略了市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)活動(dòng)的復(fù)雜性,忽略了個(gè)案的公平性,所以也有一些國(guó)家綜合使用這兩種方法,共揚(yáng)優(yōu)勢(shì),避免缺陷,共同規(guī)制資本弱化現(xiàn)象。文中分別介紹了以這三種典型方法為基礎(chǔ)的英國(guó)、澳大利亞和美國(guó)的稅法,以資我國(guó)立法和執(zhí)法部門(mén)借鑒。 隨后文章分析了資本弱化現(xiàn)象在我國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)活動(dòng)中的現(xiàn)狀。資本弱化在我國(guó)的經(jīng)濟(jì)活動(dòng)中已經(jīng)相當(dāng)普遍,嚴(yán)重?fù)p害了我國(guó)的稅收主權(quán),也給我國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)安全和穩(wěn)定帶來(lái)了潛在的危害,對(duì)此國(guó)家頒行了新的企業(yè)所得稅法及實(shí)施條例等一系列法律法規(guī)。文章又從現(xiàn)有的規(guī)定出發(fā),借鑒國(guó)外立法和實(shí)務(wù)的經(jīng)驗(yàn),分析我國(guó)現(xiàn)有規(guī)定的不足,并分別從立法部門(mén)、執(zhí)法部門(mén)和加強(qiáng)國(guó)際合作三方面著眼對(duì)完善我國(guó)的稅法制度提出意見(jiàn)和建議。 本文共分五部分: 第一部分是文獻(xiàn)綜述,梳理了學(xué)者研究資本弱化現(xiàn)象的進(jìn)程,資本弱化研究始于美國(guó)的經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家,隨后法學(xué)家們從法律和國(guó)家稅收的角度研究資本弱化現(xiàn)象給國(guó)家社會(huì)帶來(lái)的影響。文中主要論述了外國(guó)法學(xué)家對(duì)資本弱化理論研究成果,在此基礎(chǔ)上討論了我國(guó)法學(xué)家尤其在新的企業(yè)所得稅法頒行之后,對(duì)資本弱化問(wèn)題的主要觀點(diǎn)及完善稅法的建議。 第二部分主要討論了跨國(guó)公司利用資本弱化進(jìn)行避稅的基本理論問(wèn)題。分別對(duì)跨國(guó)公司和資本弱化問(wèn)題進(jìn)行了研究,分析了資本弱化產(chǎn)生的原因、適用范圍、表現(xiàn)形式以及給東道國(guó)、資本輸出國(guó)等造成的嚴(yán)重影響。 第三部分主要研究了世界上各國(guó)普遍采用的規(guī)制資本弱化的方法,綜合分析了各種方法在實(shí)務(wù)中的優(yōu)缺,并對(duì)英國(guó)、澳大利亞和美國(guó)的資本弱化稅制進(jìn)行了簡(jiǎn)要的介紹,以資我國(guó)借鑒。 第四部分主要論述了資本弱化現(xiàn)象在我國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)生活中的表現(xiàn),以一定的實(shí)證數(shù)據(jù)說(shuō)明資本弱化嚴(yán)重?fù)p害了我國(guó)的稅收主權(quán),不利于我國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)的健康、穩(wěn)定、有序發(fā)展。對(duì)我國(guó)新頒布的法律法規(guī)中規(guī)制資本弱化的具體規(guī)定,進(jìn)行細(xì)致分析。我國(guó)規(guī)制資本弱化的法律框架初步形成。 第五部分論述了規(guī)制資本弱化的現(xiàn)有法律法規(guī)在具體實(shí)務(wù)操作中遇到的困難和存在的不足,針對(duì)以上缺陷提出了新的立法建議和方法對(duì)策,并分別從立法部門(mén),執(zhí)法部門(mén)和國(guó)際合作三方面提出了完善我國(guó)規(guī)制資本弱化措施的建議。
[Abstract]:Transnational corporations are playing an important role in the development of economic globalization, increasing the circulation of capital in the world and maximizing the overall interests of the enterprises. In pursuit of the maximization of profits, transnational investors often use the differences in the tax system of various countries to seek unfair tax relief and international tax avoidance. Degree complexity and concealment of tax avoidance - capital weakening causes people's attention. Capital weakening means that corporate investors raise the proportion of debt financing consciously in raising corporate capital, thereby reducing the proportion of equity financing, increasing interest rate to obtain more pre tax expense deductions, reducing taxable payment, to the host country and The capital exporting countries are causing serious harm.
The reason for this writing is that the current capital weakening has caused serious damage to our country's tax sovereignty. If it is not prevented and regulated, it will not only cause the tax loss of our country, but also the false image of our country's investment environment, which will affect the rapid, healthy and orderly development of our country's economy. The basic theory of this weakening begins. First of all, the phenomenon of capital weakening is an American economist. From the MM theory to the revised MM theory, it is preliminarily revealed how the enterprise can maximize the value of the enterprise under the premise of the tax system. The causes of the weakening of capital, the intrinsic nature, the form of expression, the methods adopted and the influence brought to the state, society and others in the environment of receiving the environment have not been paid attention to by scholars until the end of the 90s of the last century, and the main research results were based on foreign legislative and practical experience.
This paper mainly discusses the regulation methods of capital weakening: "normal transaction principle" and "fixed proportion law". The principle of normal trading pays attention to the case study. Under the open and fair market economic system, the transaction conditions of the affiliated enterprises should be the same when the business is not related. But because of its great uncertainty, arbitrariness and lack of economy, there are not many countries in the world that adopt this principle. The fixed proportion law provides a scientific and reasonable ratio of assets to the enterprise, which is used to guide the arrangement of debt capital and equity capital in the enterprise financing. The fixed proportion method determines a clear law enforcement basis and standard, which is operable, improves the efficiency of the practice department and saves the judicial cost. So, many countries in the world have adopted this method to regulate the weakening of capital. However, the fixed proportion method ignores the complexity of the market economy and neglects the fairness of the case. Some countries comprehensively use these two methods to share advantages, avoid defects and jointly regulate the weakening of capital. In this paper, the tax laws of the United Kingdom, Australia and the United States, based on these three typical methods, are introduced to our legislative and law enforcement departments for reference.
Then the article analyzes the current situation of the phenomenon of capital weakening in our country's economic activities. The weakening of capital has been quite common in our economic activities, which seriously damaged our country's tax sovereignty, and also brought potential harm to the economic security and stability of our country. The country has issued a series of new enterprise income tax laws and Implementation Regulations. According to the laws and regulations, the article starts from the existing regulations and draws on the experience of foreign legislation and practice, analyzes the shortcomings of the existing regulations in our country, and puts forward suggestions and suggestions on improving our country's tax law system from three aspects of the legislative department, the law enforcement department and the strengthening of international cooperation.
This article is divided into five parts:
The first part is the literature review, which combs the process of scholars' research on the phenomenon of capital weakening. The study of capital weakening began in the American economists, and then the jurists study the influence of the phenomenon of capital weakening to the state society from the perspective of law and State Taxation. On this basis, we discuss the main viewpoints of the jurists in China, especially after the promulgation of the new enterprise income tax law, and the suggestions for improving the tax law.
The second part mainly discusses the basic theoretical problems of the use of capital weakening for multinational corporations to avoid tax avoidance. It studies the problems of transnational corporations and the weakening of capital, and analyzes the causes of the weakening of capital, the scope of application, the form of expression, and the serious effects on the host country and the capital exporting countries.
The third part mainly studies the commonly used methods of regulating the weakening of capital in the world, comprehensively analyzes the advantages of various methods in practice, and gives a brief introduction to the tax system of capital weakening in Britain, Australia and the United States, in order to draw lessons from our country.
The fourth part mainly discusses the performance of the phenomenon of capital weakening in our country's economic life, and shows that the weakening of capital has seriously damaged our country's tax sovereignty, which is not conducive to the healthy, stable and orderly development of our country's economy, and makes a detailed analysis of the specific regulations governing the weakening of capital in the newly promulgated laws and regulations in China. The legal framework of China's regulation of capital weakness has initially taken shape.
The fifth part discusses the difficulties and shortcomings of the existing laws and regulations governing the weakening of capital in the specific practice, and puts forward some new legislative proposals and methods for the above defects, and puts forward some suggestions on improving our country's measures to regulate the weakening of capital from three aspects of the legislative department, the law enforcement department and the international cooperation.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南政法大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：D996.3;D922.22

【引證文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)博士學(xué)位論文 前1條

1 蘇揚(yáng);基于客體轉(zhuǎn)移視角的國(guó)際避稅及防范研究[D];吉林大學(xué);2012年

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本文編號(hào)：1977604