本文選題：碳關(guān)稅 + 轉(zhuǎn)基因食品��； 參考：《南京財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：氣候變暖已經(jīng)成為全球高度關(guān)注的環(huán)境問(wèn)題,這一全球性的的環(huán)境問(wèn)題涉及到全人類的生存和發(fā)展的共同利益。保護(hù)環(huán)境和減少二氧化碳等溫室氣體的排放成為所有國(guó)家所面對(duì)的挑戰(zhàn),需要所有的國(guó)家團(tuán)結(jié)起來(lái)共同努力遏制地球氣候地變暖。在此背景下發(fā)展低碳經(jīng)濟(jì)被提上了各國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的議程上,伴隨著各國(guó)低碳經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展,低碳時(shí)代已經(jīng)成為了一種發(fā)展趨勢(shì)。發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家卻利用發(fā)展低碳經(jīng)濟(jì)和保護(hù)環(huán)境的借口,實(shí)施貿(mào)易保護(hù)主義,以低碳貿(mào)易壁壘的形式呈現(xiàn)出來(lái)。在低碳時(shí)代的大背景之下,低碳貿(mào)易壁壘必然成為未來(lái)國(guó)際貿(mào)易中的主要貿(mào)易壁壘模式。自從2013年1月以來(lái),每到秋冬季節(jié)我國(guó)大多數(shù)城市都遭到了霧霾天氣的影響。PM2.5成為了衡量一座城市空氣質(zhì)量好壞的新標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。給中國(guó)“高污染、高能耗、高排放”的粗放型經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)模式敲響了警鐘。如何轉(zhuǎn)變我國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)模式、調(diào)整產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)、發(fā)展低碳經(jīng)濟(jì)是我國(guó)直面和迫切解決的問(wèn)題。國(guó)際環(huán)境下低碳貿(mào)易壁壘的發(fā)展勢(shì)必對(duì)我國(guó)的出口貿(mào)易和相關(guān)法制建設(shè)甚至是政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展產(chǎn)生巨大的影響,這就需要我國(guó)重視起對(duì)低碳貿(mào)易壁壘的研究。與此同時(shí),伴隨著生物科學(xué)技術(shù)的迅速發(fā)展轉(zhuǎn)基因食品成為食品安全領(lǐng)域出現(xiàn)的一個(gè)新問(wèn)題。作為新興事物的轉(zhuǎn)基因食品其安全性受到了質(zhì)疑,故而引起了諸多爭(zhēng)議,且轉(zhuǎn)基因食品又與貿(mào)易、環(huán)境等問(wèn)題息息相關(guān)。各國(guó)對(duì)于轉(zhuǎn)基因食品存在著不確定的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)性,采取了不同的立法態(tài)度以制定不同的法律法規(guī)及貿(mào)易政策。各國(guó)對(duì)于轉(zhuǎn)基因食品各行其是的做法,最終導(dǎo)致了國(guó)際貿(mào)易領(lǐng)域的貿(mào)易爭(zhēng)端,轉(zhuǎn)基因食品安全貿(mào)易壁壘也就成為了發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家進(jìn)行貿(mào)易限制的手段。低碳貿(mào)易壁壘與轉(zhuǎn)基因食品安全貿(mào)易壁壘作為一種新興的非關(guān)稅貿(mào)易壁壘,它們有著保護(hù)環(huán)境與人類健康安全的綠色外衣,又有著發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家利用其在技術(shù)領(lǐng)域所占領(lǐng)的技術(shù)優(yōu)勢(shì)實(shí)施的保護(hù)本國(guó)產(chǎn)品和提升本國(guó)產(chǎn)品競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力的本質(zhì)目的。有鑒于此,筆者提出將這兩種新出現(xiàn)的技術(shù)性貿(mào)易壁壘歸納為新型綠色貿(mào)易壁壘。
[Abstract]:Global warming has become a global environmental problem, which is related to the common interests of the survival and development of all mankind. Protecting the environment and reducing greenhouse gas emissions, such as carbon dioxide, is a challenge for all countries, requiring all nations to unite their efforts to curb global warming. In this context, the development of low-carbon economy has been put on the agenda of economic development. With the development of low-carbon economy, low-carbon era has become a trend of development. Developed countries use the pretext of developing low-carbon economy and protecting the environment to implement trade protectionism, which appears in the form of low-carbon trade barriers. Under the background of low-carbon era, low-carbon trade barrier is bound to become the main trade barrier mode in the future international trade. Since January 2013, most cities in China have been affected by haze weather every autumn and winter season. PM2.5 has become a new standard to measure the air quality of a city. It is a wake-up call for China's extensive economic growth model of high pollution, high energy consumption and high emission. How to change the economic growth model, adjust the industrial structure, and develop low-carbon economy are the urgent problems to be solved in China. Under the international environment, the development of low-carbon trade barriers is bound to have a great impact on China's export trade, related legal system construction and even political and economic development, which requires our country to attach importance to the study of low-carbon trade barriers. At the same time, with the rapid development of biological science and technology, genetically modified food has become a new problem in the field of food safety. As a new thing, the safety of GM food has been questioned, which has caused a lot of controversy, and GM food is closely related to trade, environment and other issues. Different countries adopt different legislative attitudes to formulate different laws, regulations and trade policies. Different countries have their own ways to deal with GM foods, which leads to trade disputes in the field of international trade. Trade barriers to GM foods have become a means for developed countries to restrict their trade. As a new non-tariff trade barrier, low carbon trade barrier and genetically modified food safety trade barrier have green coat to protect environment and human health and safety. There is also the essential purpose of the developed countries to protect their products and enhance the competitiveness of their products by taking advantage of their technological advantages in the field of technology. In view of this, the author proposes to sum up these two newly emerging technical barriers to trade as new green barriers to trade.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：D996

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本文編號(hào)：1965911