本文選題：國際勞工法 + 國際勞工保護�。� 參考：《武漢大學(xué)》2014年博士論文

【摘要】：國際勞工標準問題是近十幾年來國際社會十分關(guān)注的一個熱點,其中國際勞工標準的內(nèi)涵和外延、核心國際勞工標準的界定、是否應(yīng)當在多邊貿(mào)易談判中引入勞工條款等都產(chǎn)生了巨大爭議,而本文圍繞這些爭議以國際勞工標準執(zhí)行為軸串聯(lián)起相關(guān)問題,分析國際勞工標準執(zhí)行遇到巨大挑戰(zhàn)的原因,提出通過國際勞工組織與其他相關(guān)主體的多維合作方式解決國際勞工標準的執(zhí)行問題。國際勞工標準執(zhí)行問題本身也是國際勞工法實施的問題,正所謂“無案不成法,無法不成理”,案例研究為我們開辟一條直白和清晰的研究路徑和解決之道。 除結(jié)論外,論文的主體部分共分為五章。 第一章簡要論述了國際勞工保護的歷史發(fā)展和國際勞工標準的理念。著重介紹了勞工關(guān)系與勞工權(quán)利保護的歷史,從歷史的角度列舉了資本主義早期的、有代表性的國別勞工法：英國勞工法、荷蘭勞工法、法國勞工法及美國勞工法。由此可見,勞工權(quán)利保護發(fā)端于西方國家的國內(nèi)社會治理,而今這種治理模式已經(jīng)全球化。國際勞工標準(核心勞工標準)的確立和認同是國際社會對保護勞工權(quán)利的一種有益實踐,是普世價值的重要體現(xiàn)。國際勞工標準的概念、內(nèi)涵、外延的形成和發(fā)展正體現(xiàn)了這種普世價值觀和人類社會的基本需要。 第二章討論了國際勞工標準執(zhí)行的維度,分別講述了國際勞工保護與人權(quán)法理論、國際勞工保護與國際秩序兩對范疇。首先,國際勞工保護本質(zhì)上是國際人權(quán)的要求,國際勞工法是國際人權(quán)法的重要分支,國際人權(quán)法的基本理論、基本原理適用于國際勞工法,簡言之國際人權(quán)法與國際勞工法存在上下級統(tǒng)屬關(guān)系。其次,國際勞工保護與國際秩序是相互保障、相互制約、相互促進的一對范疇。國際勞工保護是國際秩序的基本要求,穩(wěn)定的國際秩序是國際勞工保護的基本條件。 第三章主要論述了國際勞工標準執(zhí)行所面臨的環(huán)境和種種挑戰(zhàn),例如國際勞工標準執(zhí)行機制受到廣泛質(zhì)疑、國際勞工組織會員國采納“基本勞工公約”數(shù)量和比率都不高、大多數(shù)基本勞工公約執(zhí)行還停留在會員國的自愿基礎(chǔ)上、執(zhí)行程序的有效性、透明度不夠。本章重點還討論了貿(mào)易協(xié)定與勞工標準掛鉤的可能性及其相互影響。發(fā)達國家通過多邊貿(mào)易框架內(nèi)對違反勞工標準的發(fā)展中國家進行制裁企圖沒有實現(xiàn),是因為這不符合國際社會的基本價值理念,也違反了主權(quán)國家平等協(xié)商原則,更主要的是該措施本質(zhì)上是“損人不利己的”。盡管在雙邊和區(qū)域?qū)用嫔锨度搿皠诠l款”有蔓延之勢,但實質(zhì)上“勞工條款”沒有對貿(mào)易格局產(chǎn)生重大影響,貿(mào)易協(xié)定中的“勞工條款”對促進勞工標準執(zhí)行的國別計劃影響也十分有限。 第四章通過對涉及國際勞工組織的案例述評、貿(mào)易協(xié)定中案例述評及其他國際勞工標準執(zhí)行方式的述評,證明國際勞工標準實施途徑的多樣化,實施主體的多元化,實施內(nèi)容的擴展化。同時印證本文主旨——多維合作方式的有效性和正當性。從這一系列案例分析亦可得出：西方國家試圖通過貿(mào)易制裁來追求所謂的“勞工領(lǐng)域的公平正義”是行不通的,也沒有實踐支撐,而通過國際勞工組織的國別計劃、與當?shù)卣献饔媱潯⒛芰ε嘤?xùn)項目、與企業(yè)合作項目等不僅可以改善勞工狀況,而且能有效提升當?shù)卣蛑鞴懿块T的勞工保護水平。簡而言之,國際勞工標準執(zhí)行的多維合作方式在理論上具有正當性,在實踐上具有可行性。 第五章主要論述國際勞工標準執(zhí)行的中國挑戰(zhàn)、中國實踐、中國經(jīng)驗,包含與國際合作和實施國際勞工標準的挑戰(zhàn),本章還著重論述了國際勞工組織的“體面勞動”中國國別計劃,及中國與他國(區(qū)域集團)涉勞糾紛中的實踐情況,最后簡要論述了可以借鑒的歐盟社會政策。四個方面的內(nèi)容力證中國在國際勞工標準執(zhí)行領(lǐng)域所取得的進步以及存在的不足,希望各級政府和社會伙伴更加積極參與國際勞工標準執(zhí)行,通過多維合作方式提升中國執(zhí)行國際勞工標準的能力。 結(jié)論部分總結(jié)全文,重申國際勞工標準執(zhí)行的多維合作路徑是各層級法律實踐和法律經(jīng)驗的總結(jié)。
[Abstract]:The international labor standard is a hot topic of concern in the international community in the past decade. The connotation and extension of the international labor standards, the definition of the core international labor standards, the introduction of labor terms in the multilateral trade negotiations, and so on, have produced great disputes. This article is carried out around these disputes by international labor standards. The issue of the implementation of international labour standards through multidimensional cooperation between the International Labour Organization and other related subjects. The issue of the implementation of international labour standards is also a question of the implementation of international labour law. The case study has opened up a clear and clear research path and solution for us.
In addition to the conclusion, the main part of the thesis is divided into five chapters.
The first chapter briefly discusses the historical development of international labor protection and the concept of international labor standards. It focuses on the history of labor relations and labor rights protection. From a historical point of view, it enumerates the early and representative country labor law of Capitalism: the British Labour Law, the law of the Holland, the French labor law and the American labor law. It is clear that the protection of labor rights originates from the domestic social governance of the western countries, and now this mode of governance has been globalized. The establishment and identification of international labor standards (core labor standards) is a useful practice for the international community to protect labor rights and is an important embodiment of universal value. The formation and development of this world embodies the universal values and the basic needs of human society.
The second chapter discusses the dimensions of the implementation of international labor standards, including the international labor protection and human rights law theory, the two pairs of international labor protection and international order. First, the international labor protection is essentially the requirement of international human rights. International labor law is an important branch of international human rights law, the basic theory of international human rights law and the basic original. It is suitable for international labor law. In brief, international human rights law and international labor law have upper and lower subordinate relations. Secondly, international labor protection and international order are mutual protection, mutual restraint and mutual promotion. International labor protection is the basic requirement of international order and stable international order is the basic article of International labor protection. Pieces.
The third chapter mainly discusses the environment and challenges facing the implementation of international labour standards, for example, the implementation mechanism of international labour standards is widely questioned, the number and ratio of the ILO member states adopt the "basic Labour Convention", and the implementation of most of the basic labour conventions is still on the voluntary basis of the member states. The effectiveness and transparency of the procedure are not enough. This chapter also focuses on the possibility of the linkage of trade agreements with labour standards and their mutual influence. The failure of developed countries to impose sanctions on developing countries that violate labour standards in the framework of multilateral trade is because it does not conform to the basic values of the international community and is violated. The principle of equal consultation in sovereign states, more importantly, is essentially "loss of interest". Despite the spread of "labour clause" on the bilateral and regional levels, the essence of the "labour clause" does not have a significant impact on the trade pattern, and the "labour clause" in the trade agreement promotes the implementation of labour standards. The impact of the country's country plan is also very limited.
In the fourth chapter, a review of cases involving international labour organizations, a review of cases in trade agreements and the commentary of other international labor standards, proves that the implementation of international labor standards is diversified, the implementation of the main body is diversified, and the implementation of the content is expanded. It can also be concluded from this series of cases that western countries are not able to pursue the so-called "fair and justice in the field of labour" through trade sanctions, and there is no practical support. Through the International Labour Organization's country plan, the cooperation program with the local government, the capacity training program, and the enterprise cooperation project are not only available. In order to improve the labor situation and effectively improve the level of labor protection in the local government or the competent authorities. In short, the multi-dimensional cooperation method implemented by the international labor standards is justified in theory and practicable in practice.
The fifth chapter mainly discusses the challenges of the implementation of international labor standards, China's practice and China's experience, including the challenges of international cooperation and implementation of international labor standards. This chapter also focuses on the "decent work" of the International Labour Organization in China, and the practice in the disputes involving China and other countries (regional groups). It is necessary to discuss the social policies of the European Union that can be used for reference. The content of the four aspects is to testified to China's progress in the field of international labor standards implementation and its shortcomings. It is hoped that the government and social partners at all levels will participate more actively in the implementation of International Labour Standards and enhance the ability of China to implement international labour standards through multi-dimensional cooperation.
The conclusion summarizes the full text and reiterates the multidimensional cooperation path of international labor standards implementation, which is a summary of legal practice and legal experience at all levels.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：武漢大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：D998.2

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