論我國(guó)BITs中國(guó)際投資仲裁庭權(quán)力約束問(wèn)題研究
本文選題:國(guó)際投資仲裁 + 權(quán)力約束; 參考:《山東大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文
【摘要】:近年來(lái)國(guó)際投資仲裁庭在處理投資者-東道國(guó)爭(zhēng)端解決過(guò)程中出現(xiàn)了正當(dāng)性危機(jī),其中一個(gè)重要表現(xiàn)是仲裁庭通過(guò)擴(kuò)大解釋仲裁管轄權(quán)和條約解釋權(quán),進(jìn)而提升自由裁量權(quán)。擴(kuò)大仲裁管轄權(quán)體現(xiàn)為任意解釋保護(hù)傘條款、岔路口條款和最惠國(guó)待遇條款,將本不屬于仲裁庭管轄的案件納入自身的管轄范圍。而擴(kuò)大條約解釋權(quán)體現(xiàn)為通過(guò)擴(kuò)大公平公正待遇條款的適用以及為了提高自由裁量權(quán)嚴(yán)格限制適用遵循先例的方法,在投資者-東道國(guó)爭(zhēng)端解決中偏袒投資者利益,而置東道國(guó)公共利益于不顧。仲裁庭的此種做法打破了投資者與東道國(guó)之間的利益平衡,引發(fā)了諸多爭(zhēng)議;诖,國(guó)際社會(huì)開(kāi)始探索新的跨國(guó)投資糾紛解決機(jī)制,以重塑投資者與東道國(guó)之間的利益關(guān)系格局。由于在投資者-東道國(guó)爭(zhēng)端解決機(jī)制中,國(guó)際投資仲裁庭的仲裁權(quán)源于投資條約締約國(guó)的授權(quán),因此有必要在我國(guó)的雙邊及多邊投資條約中采取合理措施對(duì)仲裁庭的管轄權(quán)和條約解釋權(quán)進(jìn)行適當(dāng)約束?v觀(guān)我國(guó)雙邊投資協(xié)定的發(fā)展歷程,經(jīng)歷了從嚴(yán)格限制到完全開(kāi)放的過(guò)程,現(xiàn)有的雙邊投資協(xié)定無(wú)法對(duì)仲裁風(fēng)險(xiǎn)進(jìn)行有效防范。因此,我國(guó)亟需對(duì)條約的關(guān)鍵性、存在潛在風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的條款進(jìn)行修正和完善,使其能夠與當(dāng)前的國(guó)際投資環(huán)境相適應(yīng),從而保護(hù)我國(guó)的公共利益和公民的合法權(quán)益。本文分為四個(gè)部分,第一部分主要介紹我國(guó)在BITs中對(duì)國(guó)際投資仲裁庭權(quán)力進(jìn)行約束的必要性,這是引發(fā)本文研究的主要原因及價(jià)值所在。筆者將這一問(wèn)題從兩個(gè)方面對(duì)其必要性進(jìn)行闡述,一是國(guó)際投資仲裁庭管轄權(quán)擴(kuò)張導(dǎo)致東道國(guó)法律適用空間被壓縮,二是仲裁庭通過(guò)擴(kuò)大解釋條約內(nèi)容,使得仲裁有失公正性。第二部分?jǐn)⑹隽宋覈?guó)BITs對(duì)仲裁庭權(quán)力約束不足的表現(xiàn)及成因,在結(jié)合國(guó)內(nèi)情況的基礎(chǔ)上明確現(xiàn)實(shí)問(wèn)題,進(jìn)一步體現(xiàn)完善仲裁庭權(quán)力約束的重要價(jià)值。第三部分主要介紹了對(duì)國(guó)際投資仲裁庭權(quán)力進(jìn)行約束的國(guó)際法依據(jù)與需要進(jìn)行的利益考量。第四部分重點(diǎn)論述約束仲裁庭權(quán)力的具體途徑,從當(dāng)前BITs條款中的薄弱環(huán)節(jié)入手,從約束管轄權(quán)與條約解釋權(quán)兩個(gè)方面著手闡述具體對(duì)策。
[Abstract]:In recent years, the international investment arbitration tribunal has appeared a crisis of legitimacy in the process of dealing with investor-host country dispute settlement, one of the important manifestations of which is the expansion of arbitration jurisdiction and treaty interpretation power by the arbitral tribunal, thereby enhancing the discretion. The expansion of arbitration jurisdiction is embodied in the arbitrary interpretation of umbrella clause, fork crossing clause and most-favoured-nation clause, and brings the cases which are not under the jurisdiction of the arbitral tribunal into its jurisdiction. The expansion of the power of treaty interpretation is embodied in the interests of investors in the settlement of disputes between investors and host countries by expanding the application of the fair and just treatment clause and by strictly restricting the application of the right of discretion to abide by precedents. And ignore the public interest of the host country. By doing so, the tribunal upset the balance of interests between investors and the host country, sparking controversy. Based on this, the international community began to explore a new transnational investment dispute resolution mechanism in order to reshape the interest relationship between investors and host countries. Since, in the investor-host country dispute settlement mechanism, the arbitral authority of an international investment tribunal derives from the authorization of a State party to an investment treaty, Therefore, it is necessary to take reasonable measures in our bilateral and multilateral investment treaties to restrict the jurisdiction of the arbitral tribunal and the power of treaty interpretation. During the development of bilateral investment agreements (bits) in China, it has experienced from strict restriction to full opening, and the existing bilateral investment agreements (bits) cannot effectively guard against arbitration risks. Therefore, it is urgent for our country to amend and perfect the key and potentially risky provisions of the treaty so that they can adapt to the current international investment environment and thus protect the public interests of our country and the legitimate rights and interests of our citizens. This paper is divided into four parts. The first part mainly introduces the necessity of binding the power of international investment arbitration tribunal in BITs, which is the main reason and value of this study. The author expounds this problem from two aspects: first, the expansion of the jurisdiction of the international investment arbitration tribunal results in the compression of the applicable space of the host country's law; the other is that the arbitration tribunal loses its fairness by expanding the interpretation of the treaty content. The second part describes the performance and causes of the insufficient power constraint of the arbitral tribunal by BITs in our country. It clarifies the practical problems on the basis of the domestic situation and further reflects the important value of perfecting the power constraint of the arbitral tribunal. The third part mainly introduces the international law basis and the need to consider the power of the international investment tribunal. The fourth part focuses on the specific ways of binding the power of the arbitral tribunal, starting with the weak links in the current BITs clause, from the two aspects of binding jurisdiction and treaty interpretation power to elaborate the specific countermeasures.
【學(xué)位授予單位】:山東大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】:碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】:2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】:D996.4
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