本文選題：國(guó)際法 + 政治犯　； 參考：《遼寧大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：政治犯的定義一直是國(guó)際法中的短板。直到現(xiàn)在，，國(guó)際條約和國(guó)內(nèi)法對(duì)政治犯的概念都沒(méi)有明確的規(guī)定，這必然會(huì)給國(guó)際司法實(shí)踐造成諸多不便。因此，明確政治犯的認(rèn)定標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，以及理清政治犯與相關(guān)概念的區(qū)分顯得尤為重要。第二次世界大戰(zhàn)以來(lái)，國(guó)際性的犯罪猖獗，而且犯罪情節(jié)和行為也變得越來(lái)越多復(fù)雜，同時(shí)涉及到幾個(gè)甚至十幾個(gè)國(guó)家的利益，這就要求各國(guó)加強(qiáng)國(guó)際刑事司法領(lǐng)域的合作，共同努力對(duì)暴力恐怖主義等犯罪進(jìn)行有效的打擊。政治犯的界定問(wèn)題是國(guó)際刑事司法合作的重要內(nèi)容。在某些案件中，因?yàn)檎畏傅慕缍ú磺逦赡軙?huì)造成犯罪分子逃之夭夭的結(jié)果，鑒于此我們應(yīng)加快明確政治犯標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的腳步，進(jìn)而提高國(guó)際刑事司法合作的效率。 本文從大眾關(guān)注度較高的斯諾登案入手，引出對(duì)政治犯標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的界定，在對(duì)相關(guān)理論進(jìn)行分析的基礎(chǔ)上，明確了斯諾登的政治犯身份，并得出對(duì)中國(guó)關(guān)于政治犯立法有效可行的建議。本文共五個(gè)部分： 第一部分：斯諾登案案情簡(jiǎn)介以及案件焦點(diǎn)。這一部分簡(jiǎn)要介紹了斯諾登案的發(fā)展情況，以及隨著斯諾登事件的發(fā)展，引發(fā)的國(guó)際法中關(guān)于政治犯的問(wèn)題。 第二部分：政治犯的涵義和主要法律規(guī)定。這一部分首先從宏觀的角度介紹了政治犯的定義。接下來(lái)對(duì)政治犯從微觀角度進(jìn)行了分析，包括政治犯與國(guó)內(nèi)刑法上政治犯罪的區(qū)分，以及國(guó)際法中關(guān)于政治犯的主要法律規(guī)定，包括相關(guān)國(guó)際條約對(duì)政治犯的規(guī)定。 第三部分：兩大法系關(guān)于政治犯的認(rèn)定標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。這一部分主要介紹了英美法系、大陸法系的政治犯認(rèn)定標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，并對(duì)兩個(gè)法系的認(rèn)定標(biāo)準(zhǔn)做相應(yīng)的分析，為后文明確斯諾登政治犯身份以及完善中國(guó)立法做好鋪墊。 第四部分：斯諾登案中的焦點(diǎn)問(wèn)題。這一部分主要根據(jù)上文分析對(duì)斯諾登的政治犯身份進(jìn)行研究。并根據(jù)國(guó)際法和國(guó)內(nèi)法，對(duì)香港和俄羅斯能否認(rèn)定斯諾登的政治犯身份進(jìn)行分析以及對(duì)二者在斯諾登案中的行為作出評(píng)價(jià)。 第五部分：中國(guó)有關(guān)政治犯的法律規(guī)定及其完善。這一部分簡(jiǎn)要闡述了中國(guó)與政治犯相關(guān)的立法現(xiàn)狀和實(shí)踐，旨在通過(guò)上文的分析研究，提出完善中國(guó)立法中政治犯相關(guān)規(guī)定的建議。
[Abstract]:The definition of political prisoners has always been a short board in international law. Until now, the concept of political prisoners is not clearly defined by international treaties and domestic laws. This will inevitably cause a lot of inconvenience to international judicial practice. Therefore, it is particularly important to clarify the criteria for the identification of political prisoners and to clarify the distinction between political prisoners and related concepts. Second times Since the war of boundary, international crime is rampant, and the plot and behavior of the crime have become more and more complex and involved in the interests of several or even more than ten countries. This requires all countries to strengthen cooperation in the field of international criminal justice and work together to combat effective crimes such as violent terrorism. The problem of defining political prisoners is In some cases, in some cases, the unclear definition of political prisoners may result in the escape of the criminals. In view of this, we should speed up the pace of the standard of political prisoners and improve the efficiency of international criminal justice cooperation.
This paper, starting with the Snowden case with high public attention, leads to the definition of the standard of political prisoners. On the basis of the analysis of the related theories, this paper makes clear the identity of Snowden's political prisoners, and draws a conclusion of the effective and feasible suggestions on the legislation of political prisoners in China. This paper consists of five parts:
The first part: a brief introduction to the case of the case of Snowden and the focus of the case. This part briefly introduces the development of the case of Snowden, as well as the issue of political prisoners in international law, which is triggered by the development of Snowden's incident.
The second part: the meaning of political prisoners and the main legal provisions. This part first introduces the definition of political prisoners from a macro perspective. Then, we analyze the political prisoners from the micro angle, including the distinction between political offenders and political crimes in domestic criminal law, as well as the main legal provisions concerning political prisoners in international law, including related international. The provisions of the Treaty on political prisoners.
The third part: the standard for the identification of the political prisoners in the two legal systems. This part mainly introduces the standards of the identification of the political prisoners in the Anglo American legal system, the continental law system, and the corresponding analysis of the criteria for the identification of the two legal systems, and pave the way for the identification of Snowden's political prisoners as well as the improvement of the Chinese legislative law.
The fourth part: the focus of the Snowden case. This part mainly studies the identity of Snowden's political prisoners according to the above analysis. And according to international law and domestic law, it will be able to analyze the identity of Snowden's political prisoners and to evaluate the behavior of the two in Snowden case by Hongkong and Russia.
The fifth part: the legal provisions and the perfection of the political prisoners in China. This part briefly expounds the status and practice of the legislation related to political prisoners in China, and aims to put forward suggestions to improve the relevant regulations of political prisoners in China's legislation through the analysis and study of the above.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：遼寧大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：D998.2

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本文編號(hào)：1952142