本文選題：氣候變化 + 遵約機(jī)制��； 參考：《山東科技大學(xué)》2011年碩士論文

【摘要】：氣候變化作為典型的全球問題,單靠一國無法改變氣候變化的事實(shí),而減緩氣候變化又顯然是一個(gè)純粹的全球公共產(chǎn)品,因?yàn)闇厥覛怏w減排的收益是非競(jìng)爭(zhēng)性和非排他性,世界上所有的國家都有權(quán)享受由一國或是一地區(qū)削減排放帶來的氣候改善,而承諾削減排放的國家和地區(qū)也不能夠阻止其他的國家或地區(qū)受益,因此,氣候變化問題存在著嚴(yán)重的“供給不足”和“搭便車”的問題,各國在作出加入氣候變化條約外交決策中也存在著很多不同的利益考慮,而不僅僅是國際環(huán)境法上的權(quán)利義務(wù)規(guī)則的要求。 氣候變化條約從1992年《聯(lián)合國氣候變化框架公約》簽訂到《京都議定書》的生效再到如今的后京都時(shí)代氣候談判,條約遵約機(jī)制經(jīng)歷了氣候變化條約的設(shè)想萌芽階段、踐行發(fā)展階段和修改完善階段。氣候變化條約遵約機(jī)制一般有三大構(gòu)成要素,分別是：基本規(guī)則體系、遵約判定體系和不遵約反應(yīng)體系。這三大要素密切配合共同支撐和維系著條約遵約機(jī)制的正常運(yùn)行。我們應(yīng)該看到,氣候變化遵約機(jī)制的運(yùn)行對(duì)改善氣候變化,敦促各國節(jié)能減排,加強(qiáng)整個(gè)國家氣候制度的自我完善,促進(jìn)國際合作方面都發(fā)揮了不可估量的重要作用。但是,當(dāng)前氣候變化遵約談判中所涉及的一些焦點(diǎn)問題：遵約目標(biāo)和遵約原則面臨挑戰(zhàn)；氣候變化條約規(guī)則條文具有模糊性；遵約過程中存在利益博弈和能力差異；氣候變化條約的軟法性,由此引發(fā)的一系列難題成為阻礙氣候變化條約遵約機(jī)制談判中的難點(diǎn),為了克服這些問題給整個(gè)國際社會(huì)遵約造成的阻力,2012后京都時(shí)代的氣候變化條約遵約機(jī)制應(yīng)該從以下幾方面入手：遵約過程應(yīng)該堅(jiān)持公平優(yōu)先兼顧的原則,這也是氣候變化條約談判始終應(yīng)該堅(jiān)持的原則,提高氣候變化條約遵約機(jī)制的透明度,建立有效的資金和技術(shù)援助機(jī)制用來輔助遵約機(jī)制的有效運(yùn)行,另外,針對(duì)氣候變化條約軟約束的遵約路徑,后京都時(shí)代的氣候變化遵約機(jī)制應(yīng)該積極學(xué)習(xí)WTO,將強(qiáng)制執(zhí)行機(jī)制納入到遵約機(jī)制中。
[Abstract]:As a typical global problem , climate change alone cannot change the fact that climate change cannot be changed , and mitigation of climate change is clearly a pure global public product , since greenhouse gas emissions are non - competitive and non - exclusive , and that all countries in the world have the right to benefit from reductions in emissions from one country or region , and that countries and regions that promise to cut emissions are not able to prevent other countries or regions from benefiting , and that there are many different interests in the context of climate change issues , not just the requirements of the rules of rights and obligations on international environmental law .

The climate change treaty enters into force of the Kyoto Protocol from 1992 to the Kyoto Protocol to enter into force and then to the post - Kyoto climate negotiations . The treaty compliance mechanism has experienced three major elements : the basic rule system , the compliance determination system and the non - compliance response system . The three major elements are closely coordinated to support and maintain the normal operation of the treaty compliance mechanism . We should see that the operation of the climate change compliance mechanism has played an important role in improving climate change , urging countries to save energy and reduce emission reduction , strengthen the self - improvement of the whole national climate system and promote international cooperation .
The provisions of the climate change treaty rules are vague ;
There are interests game and difference in compliance process .
In order to overcome these problems , the compliance mechanism of the climate change treaty in the post - 2012 Kyoto era should adhere to the principles of fairness and priority , improve the transparency of the compliance mechanism of the climate change treaty , establish an effective mechanism for compliance with the climate change treaty , and establish effective financial and technical assistance mechanisms to assist the effective operation of the compliance mechanism . In addition , the climate change compliance mechanism in the post - Kyoto era should actively study the WTO and integrate the enforcement mechanism into the compliance mechanism .
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號(hào)】：D996.9

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