本文選題：賄賂案件 + “一對(duì)一”證據(jù)��； 參考：《甘肅政法學(xué)院》2011年碩士論文

【摘要】：本文通過對(duì)有關(guān)賄賂案件的證據(jù)制度分析之后,搜集了大量相關(guān)論文和資料,在認(rèn)真研讀后發(fā)現(xiàn),多數(shù)論文對(duì)這個(gè)問題的論述流于表面,甚少從深層次分析賄賂案件證據(jù)規(guī)則,多數(shù)文章對(duì)相關(guān)問題的論述較為陳舊并存在一定程度的殘缺,缺乏創(chuàng)新性和完整性。同時(shí),由于將視角僅僅停留在我國(guó)刑事立法的范圍之內(nèi),這就使得對(duì)賄賂犯罪中可能產(chǎn)生的一系列法律問題的解決難以取得實(shí)質(zhì)性突破�；谶@種認(rèn)識(shí),本人試圖尋找一種視角,能夠較為全面的認(rèn)識(shí)賄賂案件中的證據(jù)問題,同時(shí),希望能夠超越我國(guó)刑事立法的范圍,結(jié)合《聯(lián)合國(guó)反腐敗公約》,尋找出解決相關(guān)問題的辦法,以使我國(guó)對(duì)賄賂案件證據(jù)制度的研究更具有實(shí)踐意義和可操作性。 本選題的研究方法主要選擇了比較方法,同時(shí)結(jié)合個(gè)案分析和實(shí)證調(diào)查研究的方法。通過比較的方法,了解國(guó)際上對(duì)待賄賂案件證據(jù)調(diào)查和收集的態(tài)度和基本做法,進(jìn)而認(rèn)識(shí)到我國(guó)刑事證據(jù)制度的不完善之處,提出對(duì)賄賂案件中證據(jù)問題的解決應(yīng)當(dāng)以我國(guó)刑事證據(jù)法的規(guī)定為核心,同時(shí),應(yīng)當(dāng)超越我國(guó)刑事證據(jù)法的規(guī)定,結(jié)合《聯(lián)合國(guó)反腐敗公約》,尋找到相對(duì)完整、具有層次性的解決方案,為我國(guó)刑事證據(jù)立法的完善尋找更合理、更科學(xué)的思路和方案。通過個(gè)案分析和實(shí)證調(diào)查研究方法的運(yùn)用,結(jié)合我國(guó)司法實(shí)踐中賄賂案件在證據(jù)方面存在的具體問題,提出具有可操作性的適用對(duì)策。 在認(rèn)真分析了學(xué)者們已有的成果基礎(chǔ)上,經(jīng)過導(dǎo)師的悉心指導(dǎo)和修改,確定了本人研究賄賂案件證據(jù)問題的主要內(nèi)容和觀點(diǎn)。首先,從賄賂案件自身的特殊性出發(fā)對(duì)其證據(jù)的形式和特點(diǎn)進(jìn)行認(rèn)識(shí)和分析。由于賄賂案件一般被界定為高智商犯罪,且有罪證據(jù)少,從證據(jù)法的角度看,賄賂案件的證據(jù)具有區(qū)別于一般證據(jù)的特殊性。其次,針對(duì)賄賂案件證據(jù)的收集問題展開研究。賄賂案件的證據(jù)收集問題已是長(zhǎng)期困擾我國(guó)司法實(shí)踐的一項(xiàng)難題,本文將從司法實(shí)踐中存在的具體問題出發(fā),為賄賂案件證據(jù)的收集提供一條切實(shí)可行的路徑。最后,結(jié)合《聯(lián)合國(guó)反腐敗公約》,設(shè)計(jì)出一個(gè)較為完整的賄賂案件證據(jù)制度框架。 賄賂案件證據(jù)制度研究的重點(diǎn)有二,一是賄賂案件證據(jù)的收集和固定,二是試圖尋找一個(gè)科學(xué)的證明標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。其中第二個(gè)問題也是研究的難點(diǎn)。本文從上述兩個(gè)重點(diǎn)問題上進(jìn)行突破。首先,在賄賂案件的證據(jù)證明模式上打破嚴(yán)格的“印證證明”。在判斷證據(jù)認(rèn)定事實(shí)時(shí),對(duì)證據(jù)間的相互印證作十分嚴(yán)格的要求,否則就被認(rèn)為證據(jù)不足,這是一種很高的證明標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。然而,這樣高的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)在實(shí)踐中往往難以達(dá)到。尤其是賄賂這類“一對(duì)一”的案件,更難以獲得印證性證據(jù),從而導(dǎo)致在實(shí)踐中,即使有一定的旁證,也有行賄人的供述,但如果沒有受賄人的印證,即關(guān)鍵的“一對(duì)一”情節(jié),法官也不敢判決受賄成立。因此,本文提出在賄賂案件的證明標(biāo)準(zhǔn)上,打破嚴(yán)格的“印證證明”模式,找出在賄賂案件中“證據(jù)確實(shí)、充分”標(biāo)準(zhǔn)存在的問題,借鑒“排除合理懷疑”與“內(nèi)心確信”標(biāo)準(zhǔn),以形成更為科學(xué)有效的證明標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。其次,分析賄賂推定、污點(diǎn)證人、被告人承擔(dān)舉證責(zé)任等特殊證據(jù)規(guī)則,結(jié)合我國(guó)立法及司法實(shí)踐,構(gòu)建我國(guó)關(guān)于賄賂案件的特殊證據(jù)制度確立污點(diǎn)證人制度�！堵�(lián)合國(guó)反腐敗公約》第37條的規(guī)定給我國(guó)證據(jù)立法的重要啟示,就是建立“污點(diǎn)證人”制度。由于賄賂犯罪的行為方式十分隱蔽,且賄賂犯罪的口供取證非常困難,受賄一方有相當(dāng)?shù)奈幕潭群鸵欢ǖ姆芍R(shí)以及豐富的社會(huì)閱歷,反偵查能力強(qiáng),而行賄一方往往是弱勢(shì)的,具有一定的被迫性,因而,確立上述特殊證據(jù)規(guī)則很有現(xiàn)實(shí)必要性。
[Abstract]:After analyzing the evidence system of the bribery cases, this paper has collected a large number of relevant papers and materials. After careful study, it is found that most of the papers discuss the problem on the surface, and seldom analyze the rules of evidence in the case of bribery. Most of the articles are old and incomplete to the related questions. At the same time, it is difficult to make a substantial breakthrough in the solution of a series of legal problems that may arise in the crime of bribery. Based on this understanding, I try to find a kind of perspective, which can be more fully aware of bribery cases. At the same time, we hope to surpass the scope of our country's criminal legislation and combine the United Nations Convention against corruption to find ways to solve the related problems so that the study of the evidence system of bribery cases is more practical and operable.
The research methods of this topic choose the comparative method, and combine the method of case analysis and empirical investigation. Through the comparative method, we know the attitude and basic practice of the evidence investigation and collection in the international bribery cases, and then realize the imperfections of the criminal evidence system in our country, and put forward the evidence of the bribery cases. The solution should take the provisions of the criminal evidence law of our country as the core. At the same time, we should go beyond the provisions of the criminal evidence law of our country and combine the United Nations Convention against corruption to find a relatively complete and hierarchical solution to find more reasonable and scientific ideas and plans for the perfection of the legislation of criminal evidence in our country. The application of empirical research methods, combined with the specific problems of evidence in bribery cases in China's judicial practice, puts forward some applicable countermeasures.
On the basis of careful analysis of the achievements of the scholars, through the careful guidance and revision of the tutor, the main contents and views of the evidence of the bribery case are determined. First, the form and characteristics of the evidence are understood and analyzed from the particularity of the bribery case. From the angle of evidence law, the evidence of bribery cases has the particularity that is different from the general evidence. Secondly, to study the collection of evidence in bribery cases. The problem of collecting evidence in bribery cases has been a difficult problem that has plagued our judicial practice for a long time. This article will be from the judicial practice. It provides a practical path for the collection of evidence in bribery cases. Finally, a more complete framework of evidence system for bribery cases is designed in combination with the United Nations Convention against corruption.
There are two key points in the study of evidence system in bribery cases, one is the collection and fixation of evidence in bribery cases, and the two is trying to find a scientific proof standard. Second of them are also the difficulties of the study. This article breaks through the above two key issues. First, it breaks the strict "certification" in the evidence proof model of bribery cases. It is a very high standard of proof that the evidence is very strict with each other when it is judged by the evidence that the evidence is identified, otherwise it is a high standard of proof. However, such a high standard is often difficult to achieve in practice. In practice, even if there is a certain circumstantial testimony, there are also the confession of the briber, but if there is no acceptance of the bribe, that is, the key "one to one" plot, the judge does not dare to judge the acceptance of the bribe. Therefore, this article puts forward to the proof standard of the bribery case to break the strict "proof of proof" model and find out the evidence in the bribery case. Indeed, the standard existing in the standard is sufficient to draw lessons from the standard of "eliminating reasonable doubt" and "inner conviction" to form a more scientific and effective standard of proof. Secondly, it analyses the special evidence rules such as bribery presumption, taint witness, the defendant bear the burden of proof and so on, and constructs our country's special bribery cases in combination with the legislative and judicial practice of our country. The special evidence system establishes the system of the tainted witness. The thirty-seventh article of the United Nations Convention against corruption provides an important revelation to our country's evidence legislation. It is the establishment of the "tainted witness" system. Because the behavior of the bribery crime is very concealed, and the confession of the bribery crime is very difficult, the bribe one has a considerable cultural degree and a certain law. The law knowledge and the rich social experience, the anti investigation ability is strong, but the bribery one is often weak and has certain compelled. Therefore, it is necessary to establish the above special evidence rules.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：甘肅政法學(xué)院
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號(hào)】：D997.9;D925.23

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