發(fā)布時間：2018-05-12 12:54

  本文選題：碳關(guān)稅 + 貿(mào)易規(guī)則��； 參考：《中國人民大學(xué)》2011年碩士論文

【摘要】：2009年,美國政府頒布了《清潔能源安全法案》,規(guī)定美國將于2020年針對從法律中所列的清單國家進口的清單產(chǎn)品征收碳關(guān)稅。這一規(guī)定,在國際社會中立刻掀起了軒然大波。自美國單方面拒絕《京都議定書》以后,美國的國際碳信譽始終不是很好,在碳減排方面美國的態(tài)度也始終曖昧不明。但是這一次,美國卻對碳減排表現(xiàn)出積極的態(tài)度,不僅規(guī)定國內(nèi)清單產(chǎn)品的生產(chǎn)商應(yīng)當(dāng)向政府繳納一定數(shù)額的碳稅,還規(guī)定進口商也應(yīng)當(dāng)為其所進口的有關(guān)產(chǎn)品繳納碳關(guān)稅。由此,引發(fā)了一系列的問題。這一規(guī)定究竟是美國在面臨日益嚴(yán)重的全球環(huán)境問題主動承擔(dān)起了大國責(zé)任的表現(xiàn),還是另有所圖?同時,面對競爭日益激烈的國際貿(mào)易,這一規(guī)定對于世界環(huán)境以及國際貿(mào)易和其他國家有關(guān)的法律制度將會產(chǎn)生什么樣的影響?“碳關(guān)稅”在促進國際碳減排方面可以起到多大的作用?是否會給國際貿(mào)易帶來不正當(dāng)?shù)挠绊?美國的“碳關(guān)稅”制度是否與WTO相關(guān)的貿(mào)易規(guī)則相一致?并且這一制度是否會在國際社會中產(chǎn)生連鎖性效應(yīng),造成別的國家也相繼爭相制定“碳關(guān)稅”征收機制?這些都是國際社會所熱切關(guān)注的問題。 目前,國內(nèi)已有的關(guān)于碳關(guān)稅的討論主要著眼于碳關(guān)稅的定性問題,從數(shù)理和統(tǒng)計的角度分析美國碳關(guān)稅制度的征收背景、征收原因以及可能造成的影響。而從國內(nèi)法和國際法的關(guān)系角度對“碳關(guān)稅”的有關(guān)法律問題予以分析本文尚數(shù)首次。在國際上,盡管已經(jīng)有學(xué)者就此問題進行了分析,但是并未進一步對相關(guān)的立法問題予以探討。本文以碳關(guān)稅為切點,以國際法和國內(nèi)法之間相互關(guān)系的有關(guān)理論為基礎(chǔ),結(jié)合具體的案例和實例,對碳關(guān)稅制度和WTO相關(guān)法規(guī)之間相互交叉和相互制約的關(guān)系予以討論,具有理論創(chuàng)新的意義。 詳細而言,本文旨在通過對碳關(guān)稅相關(guān)理論及制度設(shè)計問題的論述,討論碳關(guān)稅背后所折射出的WTO法律與內(nèi)國法之間的關(guān)系問題,并進一步闡發(fā),討論在全球倡導(dǎo)低碳經(jīng)濟的新形勢下,我國應(yīng)當(dāng)如何以國內(nèi)法回應(yīng)WTO的相關(guān)規(guī)定,從而既能確保我國現(xiàn)有的貿(mào)易機制可以受到碳關(guān)稅征收最小限度的負面影響,又能在此基礎(chǔ)之上,尋找到一條自己的求生之路。為此,本文主要包含以下幾方面的內(nèi)容: 第1章,從碳關(guān)稅的產(chǎn)生的時代背景和法律理論依據(jù)說起,結(jié)合美國業(yè)已頒布的相關(guān)碳關(guān)稅法律法規(guī),討論碳關(guān)稅形成的原因和基本制度設(shè)計; 第2章,結(jié)合“美國-汽油案”“美國-蝦案”“美國超級基金案”等相關(guān)案例討論碳關(guān)稅作為一項單邊內(nèi)國法措施,是否符合GATT1994的相關(guān)規(guī)定,以及國內(nèi)法、WTO法和國際環(huán)境法的相互制約問題; 第3章,從歐盟國家有關(guān)碳稅的征收實例出發(fā),并結(jié)合國際法與國內(nèi)法關(guān)系的有關(guān)理論,討論歐盟國家是否有可能進一步起征碳關(guān)稅; 第4章,系統(tǒng)分析碳關(guān)稅的征收對我國可能造成的影響,并結(jié)合國內(nèi)法與國際法相互關(guān)系的有關(guān)理論討論我國可采取的積極應(yīng)對措施,并就我國是否應(yīng)當(dāng)開征“碳關(guān)稅”的問題進行了討論。 本文的特色和創(chuàng)新之處主要體現(xiàn)在以下幾個方面: 1、碳關(guān)稅是一項尚未實際實施的制度,盡管在理論界和實踐界已經(jīng)引起了眾人的熱議,但是目前有關(guān)碳關(guān)稅的系統(tǒng)性研究依舊屈指可數(shù),因此,本文的研究方向?qū)儆诶碚摻绫容^具有前瞻性的研究。 2、已有的有關(guān)碳關(guān)稅的研究,主要是將重點放在了有關(guān)碳關(guān)稅的定性及其可能帶來的影響方面,而本文則將重心放在了碳關(guān)稅背后所折射出的WTO法律制度與內(nèi)國法律制度的關(guān)系,具有獨到之處。 3、已有的研究中,主要是泛泛地,從國際法基本理論的角度討論了國際法與國內(nèi)法的關(guān)系問題,而本文則從碳關(guān)稅一個較小的切點出發(fā),以之為例,以小見大,探討在WTO框架下,國際法與國內(nèi)法的互制問題,研究思路較為新穎。 4、在對碳關(guān)稅問題背后所折射出的WTO法與國內(nèi)法之間的互制關(guān)系進行分析之后,文章還將試圖對我國在未來如何應(yīng)對碳關(guān)稅、在計劃征收碳稅之后是否還應(yīng)計劃征收碳關(guān)稅以及從碳稅到碳關(guān)稅之間的理論和實踐距離予以分析,并提出自己的意見和見解。
[Abstract]:In 2009, the United States government promulgated the clean energy security act, which stipulates that the United States will impose a carbon tariff on the list products imported from the list countries listed in the law in 2020. This rule sets off a big wave in the international community. Since the United States unilaterally refuses the Kyoto Protocol, the international carbon reputation of the United States has never been found. The United States has always been ambiguous in terms of carbon emission reduction, but this time the United States has shown a positive attitude towards carbon emission reduction, not only stipulating that producers of domestic inventory products should pay a certain amount of carbon tax to the government, but also that importers should also pay carbon tariffs for the related products they import. A series of questions. Is this a rule that the United States has taken the initiative to take on the responsibility of a major global environment in the face of increasingly serious global environmental issues, or does it have another picture? At the same time, what will happen to the world environment and the legal system of international trade and other countries in the face of increasingly competitive international trade How does the "carbon tariff" play a role in promoting international carbon emissions? Will it bring unfair effects on international trade? Is the US "carbon tariff" system consistent with the WTO related trade rules? And whether this system will produce a chain effect in the international community and cause other countries to do the same Following the scrambling for the "carbon tariff" levy mechanism, these are all issues of great concern to the international community.
At present, the domestic discussion on carbon tariff is mainly focused on the qualitative problem of carbon tariff. From the point of view of mathematical and statistical analysis, the background of the collection of carbon tariff system in the United States, the causes and the possible effects are analyzed, and the relevant legal problems of carbon tariff are analyzed from the angle of the relationship between domestic and international law. For the first time, in the world, although some scholars have analyzed the problem, there is no further discussion on the relevant legislative issues. This paper takes carbon tariff as a point of view, based on the relevant theories of the relationship between international law and domestic law, combined with specific cases and examples, between the carbon tariff system and the WTO related laws and regulations. It is of theoretical significance to discuss the relationship of interleaving and restricting each other.
In detail, the purpose of this paper is to discuss the relationship between the WTO law and the internal law, which is reflected in the carbon tariff, and further elucidate how our country should respond to the relevant provisions of the WTO under the new situation of the global advocacy of low carbon economy. To ensure that the existing trade mechanism in China can be negatively affected by the minimum carbon tariff, and on the basis of this, it can find a way of survival. This article mainly contains the following aspects:
The first chapter, from the background of the generation of carbon tariff and the legal theory basis, combined with the relevant carbon tariff laws and regulations issued by the United States, discusses the reasons for the formation of carbon tariff and the design of the basic system.
The second chapter, combined with the "American gasoline case" "American shrimp case" "American Super Fund case" and other related cases, discuss whether carbon tariff is a unilateral national law measure, whether it meets the relevant provisions of GATT1994, and the mutual restriction of domestic law, WTO law and international environmental law.
The third chapter, from the EU countries on the collection of carbon tax examples, and combined with the relevant theories of international law and domestic law, to discuss whether the EU countries are likely to further levy carbon tariffs;
In the fourth chapter, a systematic analysis of the possible effects of carbon tariff on our country and the relevant theories on the relationship between domestic and international laws are discussed, and the problem of China's "carbon tariff" should be discussed.
The characteristics and innovations of this article are mainly reflected in the following aspects:
1, carbon tariff is a system that has not been put into practice. Although the theoretical and practical circles have aroused the hot discussion in the world, the systematic research on carbon tariff is still numbered. Therefore, the research direction of this paper belongs to the more forward-looking research in the theoretical circle.
2, the existing research on carbon tariffs mainly focuses on the qualitative and possible effects of carbon tariffs, while this article focuses on the relationship between the WTO legal system and the internal legal system, which is reflected behind the carbon tariff.
3, the existing research, mainly in general, discussed the relationship between international law and domestic law from the perspective of the basic theory of international law, and this article starts from a small cutting point of carbon tariff, taking it as an example, and discussing the problem of the mutual system of international law and domestic law under the framework of WTO, and the research ideas are new.
4, after the analysis of the mutual relationship between the WTO law and the domestic law, which is reflected behind the carbon tariff, the article will also try to analyze the theory and practice distance between the carbon tariff and the carbon tax, and the theoretical and practical distance between the carbon tax and the carbon tariff after the plan collection of carbon tax. Own opinion and opinion.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國人民大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：D996.3

【參考文獻】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條

1 陳洪宛;張磊;;我國當(dāng)前實行碳稅促進溫室氣體減排的可行性思考[J];財經(jīng)論叢;2009年01期

2 沈可挺;李鋼;;碳關(guān)稅對中國工業(yè)品出口的影響——基于可計算一般均衡模型的評估[J];財貿(mào)經(jīng)濟;2010年01期

3 王慧;;美國氣候安全法中的碳關(guān)稅條款及其對我國的影響——兼論我國的訴訟對策[J];法商研究;2010年05期

4 李曉玲;陳雨松;;“碳關(guān)稅”與WTO規(guī)則相符性研究[J];國際經(jīng)濟合作;2010年03期

5 李平;李淑云;沈得芳;;碳關(guān)稅問題研究:背景、征收標(biāo)準(zhǔn)及應(yīng)對措施[J];國際金融研究;2010年09期

6 吳力波;湯維祺;;碳關(guān)稅的理論機制與經(jīng)濟影響[J];科學(xué)對社會的影響;2010年01期

7 文佳筠;;單邊碳關(guān)稅與知識產(chǎn)權(quán):全球氣候合作的兩大障礙[J];綠葉;2009年10期

8 孫滔;;“碳關(guān)稅”對世貿(mào)規(guī)則的沖擊及我國的對策[J];企業(yè)導(dǎo)報;2010年09期

9 吳力波;;“自愿性減排”抑或“碳關(guān)稅倒逼”——中國在“后哥本哈根”階段的道路選擇[J];人才開發(fā);2010年01期

10 何娟;;碳關(guān)稅:新的綠色貿(mào)易壁壘抑或WTO環(huán)境保護豁免[J];世界貿(mào)易組織動態(tài)與研究;2010年03期

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前1條

1 唐啟寧;WTO體制下碳關(guān)稅問題研究[D];西南政法大學(xué);2010年

，

本文編號：1878699