本文選題：世界貿(mào)易組織 + 報(bào)復(fù)制度　； 參考：《西南政法大學(xué)》2011年碩士論文

【摘要】：用“WTO王冠上的明珠”來(lái)命名WTO爭(zhēng)端解決機(jī)制是完全恰如其氛的,因?yàn)檫@是一個(gè)司法強(qiáng)制性十分突出的體制,其具有較強(qiáng)司法性的關(guān)鍵所在就是通過(guò)運(yùn)用法律的手段使得裁決或建議的執(zhí)行得到保障。但是通過(guò)近十年的實(shí)踐,該機(jī)制的報(bào)復(fù)規(guī)則尚表現(xiàn)出一定的缺陷,因此有完善其的必要。本文的主要目的就是詳細(xì)地介紹報(bào)復(fù)制度在程序以及實(shí)體上出現(xiàn)的一些問(wèn)題和不足,聯(lián)系WTO報(bào)復(fù)制度對(duì)我國(guó)的影響,使我們能夠有一個(gè)清楚的認(rèn)識(shí),以期能為我們的立法和實(shí)踐提供幫助。 根據(jù)烏拉圭回合談判中達(dá)成的《關(guān)于爭(zhēng)端解決規(guī)則和程序的諒解》(簡(jiǎn)稱DSU)的規(guī)定,一個(gè)完整的爭(zhēng)端解決程序包括磋商程序、專家小組程序、上訴評(píng)審程序和執(zhí)行程序等幾個(gè)階段。由于法律的執(zhí)行率是考察法律有效性的最為重要的衡量標(biāo)準(zhǔn),因此執(zhí)行機(jī)制可以說(shuō)是爭(zhēng)端解決機(jī)制中的核心內(nèi)容。為了確保爭(zhēng)端解決機(jī)構(gòu)(DSB)的建議和裁決得以執(zhí)行,DSU規(guī)定了三種執(zhí)行手段:對(duì)不符合WTO協(xié)定的措施的撤回、補(bǔ)償和報(bào)復(fù)。報(bào)復(fù)作為執(zhí)行手段中最后的、最強(qiáng)有力的強(qiáng)制措施,在爭(zhēng)端解決機(jī)制中占有著非常重要的地位,它強(qiáng)化了WTO執(zhí)行機(jī)制,能極大的提高執(zhí)行機(jī)制的有效性和可靠性,在促使有關(guān)成員方及時(shí)和全面的地履行裁決方面發(fā)揮著重要的作用�？墒菆�(bào)復(fù)措施從其誕生之日起就引起了廣泛的爭(zhēng)議,學(xué)者們對(duì)其公平性、合理性和有效性褒貶不一。由于報(bào)復(fù)措施地位的特殊性、作用的重要性以及對(duì)其的評(píng)價(jià)的多樣性,對(duì)其加以專門研究具有重要意義。 本文主要分為五個(gè)部分: 第一部分主要對(duì)WTO爭(zhēng)端解決中的報(bào)復(fù)制度進(jìn)行了概述。首先從WTO爭(zhēng)端解決中的報(bào)復(fù)制度的歷史演進(jìn)入手,分別從傳統(tǒng)報(bào)復(fù)制度、GATT1947之下的報(bào)復(fù)制度和WTO之下的報(bào)復(fù)制度三個(gè)方面來(lái)闡述。其次,介紹了WTO爭(zhēng)端解決中的報(bào)復(fù)制度的目的和功能,以及其重心的雙重特性的轉(zhuǎn)變。接著介紹了WTO爭(zhēng)端解決中的報(bào)復(fù)制度的適用范圍。最后介紹了WTO爭(zhēng)端解決中的報(bào)復(fù)制度的施用條件,包括先決條件和實(shí)質(zhì)條件。 第二部分是對(duì)WTO爭(zhēng)端解決中的報(bào)復(fù)制度的積極評(píng)價(jià),通過(guò)從執(zhí)行效率和執(zhí)行力度兩方面入手,詳盡的評(píng)價(jià)了當(dāng)前制度的優(yōu)點(diǎn)和長(zhǎng)處。 第三部分指出雖然WTO報(bào)復(fù)措施的威懾作用促進(jìn)了WTO協(xié)議的遵守和執(zhí)行,成為了維護(hù)WTO多邊貿(mào)易體制的重要保障,但其仍然存在著缺陷。本部分對(duì)WTO爭(zhēng)端解決中的報(bào)復(fù)制度的公正性、合理性以及有效性三個(gè)方面的缺陷逐一進(jìn)行了詳盡的分析。 第四部分針對(duì)前文指出報(bào)復(fù)措施存在的缺陷,一一提出了完善的建議。 第五部分分析了WTO報(bào)復(fù)措施對(duì)我國(guó)的利弊影響,并提出相應(yīng)的對(duì)策,希望能有助于我國(guó)盡快發(fā)揮自身的優(yōu)勢(shì),利用DSU對(duì)報(bào)復(fù)措施的相關(guān)規(guī)定來(lái)維護(hù)好我們所享有的世貿(mào)權(quán)益,最終促進(jìn)我國(guó)外貿(mào)事業(yè)的蓬勃發(fā)展。
[Abstract]:The name "Pearl on the Crown of WTO" for the WTO dispute settlement mechanism is exactly the same as it is because it is a very prominent system of judicial compulsion. The key of its strong judicial character is to ensure the execution of judgment or recommendation by means of law. However, through nearly ten years' practice, the mechanism's retaliation rules still show some defects, so it is necessary to perfect it. The main purpose of this paper is to introduce in detail some problems and deficiencies in the procedure and entity of the retaliation system, and to make a clear understanding of the impact of the WTO retaliation system on our country. In order to provide assistance for our legislation and practice. In accordance with the understanding on rules and procedures for the settlement of disputes (DSU) reached in the Uruguay Round negotiations, a complete dispute settlement procedure consists of a consultation procedure, an expert panel procedure, The appellate review procedure and the execution procedure are several stages. As the law enforcement rate is the most important measure of the effectiveness of the law, the enforcement mechanism can be said to be the core content of the dispute settlement mechanism. In order to ensure the implementation of the recommendations and rulings of the DSBs, the DSBs provide for three means of enforcement: withdrawal of measures not in conformity with the DSBs, compensation and retaliation. As the last and most powerful coercive measure in the execution, retaliation plays a very important role in the dispute settlement mechanism. It strengthens the enforcement mechanism of WTO and can greatly improve the effectiveness and reliability of the enforcement mechanism. It plays an important role in prompt and full implementation of the award by the member concerned. However, retaliatory measures have caused widespread controversy since their birth, and scholars have different opinions on its fairness, rationality and effectiveness. Due to the particularity of the status of retaliatory measures, the importance of their role and the diversity of their evaluation, it is of great significance to study them specially. This paper is divided into five parts: The first part summarizes the retaliation system in WTO dispute settlement. Starting from the historical evolution of the retaliation system in the WTO dispute settlement, this paper expounds the retaliation system under the traditional retaliation system and the revenge system under the WTO respectively. Secondly, it introduces the purpose and function of WTO dispute settlement system and the change of its center of gravity. Then it introduces the scope of application of retaliation system in WTO dispute settlement. Finally, the paper introduces the application conditions of WTO dispute settlement system, including preconditions and substantive conditions. The second part is the positive evaluation of the retaliation system in the WTO dispute settlement, through the implementation efficiency and enforcement strength of two aspects, the detailed evaluation of the advantages and strengths of the current system. The third part points out that although the deterrent effect of WTO retaliatory measures promotes the compliance and implementation of WTO agreement and becomes an important guarantee to safeguard the multilateral trading system of WTO, it still has some defects. This part makes a detailed analysis of the WTO dispute settlement system in the fairness, rationality and effectiveness of the three aspects of the defects. The fourth part points out the defects of retaliatory measures, and puts forward some suggestions. The fifth part analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of WTO retaliatory measures on our country, and puts forward the corresponding countermeasures, hoping to help our country bring its own advantages into full play as soon as possible, and utilize the relevant provisions of DSU to safeguard our WTO rights and interests. Finally, promote the vigorous development of China's foreign trade.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南政法大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號(hào)】：D996.1

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