本文選題：馬六甲海峽 + 溢油�。� 參考：《中國(guó)海洋大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文

【摘要】：《聯(lián)合國(guó)海洋法公約》第43條規(guī)定了“用于國(guó)際航行的海峽”的沿岸國(guó)與使用國(guó)在維護(hù)航行安全和防止船源污染方面進(jìn)行合作的義務(wù)。為實(shí)踐該條，馬六甲海峽沿岸國(guó)于2007年達(dá)成了馬六甲海峽合作機(jī)制，試圖聯(lián)合使用國(guó)共同維護(hù)馬六甲海峽的航行安全和海洋環(huán)境。但該合作機(jī)制卻存在較大缺失，其中防止船源污染的措施不多，也沒(méi)有就溢油這種常見(jiàn)且多發(fā)的船源污染事故設(shè)立相關(guān)的合作項(xiàng)目。面對(duì)馬六甲海峽地區(qū)日益加大的船舶溢油風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，2007年合作機(jī)制難以發(fā)揮理想的作用，需要一個(gè)針對(duì)船舶溢油事故的應(yīng)急反應(yīng)合作機(jī)制彌補(bǔ)其不足。 隨著各國(guó)石油需求量的攀升，通過(guò)馬六甲海峽的油輪的數(shù)量和噸位激增，溢油風(fēng)險(xiǎn)加大，單靠海峽沿岸國(guó)一方力量難以消除溢油造成的不良影響，急需海峽使用國(guó)提供援助，共同應(yīng)對(duì)船源油污。此外，馬六甲海峽作為中國(guó)能源運(yùn)輸?shù)暮Ｉ仙�，保護(hù)其免遭船源油污的損害也直接關(guān)系到我國(guó)油輪的航行利益和南海的海洋環(huán)境。所以，無(wú)論從全球還是從中國(guó)角度出發(fā)，，建立馬六甲海峽溢油應(yīng)急反應(yīng)合作機(jī)制都有其必要性。 在馬六甲海峽建立溢油應(yīng)急反應(yīng)合作機(jī)制不僅符合《聯(lián)合國(guó)海洋法公約》第43條的要求，具有國(guó)際法上的可行性，而且也符合海峽沿岸國(guó)與使用國(guó)雙方的利益。沿岸國(guó)對(duì)使用國(guó)就環(huán)境保護(hù)事項(xiàng)在資金、技術(shù)等方面參與合作表示支持，而使用國(guó)出于對(duì)航行效益和環(huán)境利益的考慮也愿意參與該合作機(jī)制。雙方的支持為合作機(jī)制的建立提供了可能。 擬建立的馬六甲海峽溢油應(yīng)急反應(yīng)合作機(jī)制從合作協(xié)議的簽署到爭(zhēng)端的解決都有相關(guān)的制度依據(jù)，其中包括定期會(huì)議制度、領(lǐng)導(dǎo)機(jī)構(gòu)運(yùn)行管理制度、資金保障制度、技術(shù)互助制度以及爭(zhēng)端解決和責(zé)任追究制度。這些制度相互支持、彼此補(bǔ)充，構(gòu)成合作機(jī)制的框架。同時(shí)，作為馬六甲海峽的重要使用國(guó)，中國(guó)在相關(guān)制度的建立過(guò)程中將積極貢獻(xiàn)力量，推動(dòng)合作機(jī)制向前發(fā)展。 馬六甲海峽溢油應(yīng)急反應(yīng)合作機(jī)制是實(shí)踐《聯(lián)合國(guó)海洋法公約》第43條的又一次嘗試，它的建立不僅彌補(bǔ)了2007年馬六甲海峽合作機(jī)制在溢油事故應(yīng)急處理方面的缺失，有利于更好的實(shí)踐《聯(lián)合國(guó)海洋法公約》第43條的要求，而且就第43條存在的不足從合作方式、合作范圍、合作義務(wù)的性質(zhì)以及國(guó)際海事組織在合作中的作用等方面提出了完善建議。
[Abstract]:Article 43 of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea sets out the obligation of the littoral State and the user State to cooperate in the maintenance of the safety of navigation and the prevention of pollution from ship sources "in straits for international navigation". In order to put this article into practice, the coastal countries of the Straits of Malacca agreed in 2007 on the mechanism of cooperation in the Straits of Malacca, in order to jointly maintain the safety of navigation and the marine environment of the Straits of Malacca. However, there is a great lack of this cooperation mechanism, among which there are few measures to prevent ship-source pollution, and there are no related cooperation projects on the common and frequent ship-source pollution accidents such as oil spills. In the face of the increasing risk of ship oil spill in Malacca Strait, the cooperation mechanism in 2007 is difficult to play an ideal role, and a cooperative mechanism for emergency response to oil spill accidents is needed to make up for its deficiency. With the increasing demand for oil from various countries and the surge in the number and tonnage of tankers passing through the Strait of Malacca, the risk of oil spills has increased. It is difficult to eliminate the adverse effects of the oil spills by relying solely on the strength of the countries bordering the straits, and the assistance of the countries using the straits is in urgent need. Jointly deal with the oil pollution from the ship. In addition, as the lifeline of China's energy transportation, the Malacca Strait has a direct bearing on the navigation interests of Chinese oil tankers and the marine environment of the South China Sea. Therefore, it is necessary to establish the cooperation mechanism of oil spill emergency response in Malacca Strait, both globally and from the perspective of China. The establishment of an oil spill emergency response cooperation mechanism in the Straits of Malacca not only meets the requirements of Article 43 of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea and is feasible in international law, but also conforms to the interests of both the littoral and the user countries of the Straits. Coastal states support the participation of user countries in financial and technical aspects of environmental protection, and user countries are willing to participate in the cooperation mechanism for consideration of navigational and environmental benefits. The support of both sides provides the possibility for the establishment of cooperative mechanism. The proposed cooperation mechanism for oil spill emergency response across the Malacca Strait has relevant institutional bases from the signing of the cooperation agreement to the settlement of disputes, including the system of regular meetings, the operation and management system of the leading agency, and the financial guarantee system. Technical assistance system and dispute settlement and accountability system. These systems support each other and complement each other and form the framework of a cooperative mechanism. At the same time, as an important user of the Malacca Strait, China will actively contribute to the establishment of the relevant system and promote the development of the cooperation mechanism. The cooperation mechanism of oil spill emergency response in Malacca Strait is another attempt to implement Article 43 of UNCLOS. Its establishment not only makes up for the lack of emergency management of oil spill accident in 2007, but also makes up for the lack of cooperation mechanism in Malacca Strait in 2007. Conducive to better practice of the requirements of article 43 of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea and, with regard to the shortcomings of article 43, from the modalities and scope of cooperation, Suggestions on the nature of the duty of cooperation and the role of IMO in cooperation are put forward.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)海洋大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：D993.5

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