本文選題：海洋環(huán)境保護(hù) + 沿海國(guó)�。� 參考：《中國(guó)政法大學(xué)》2011年碩士論文

【摘要】：管轄權(quán)作為國(guó)際法上一個(gè)復(fù)雜且又核心的問題,是我們?cè)谘芯繃?guó)際法時(shí)候無法回避的首要問題,其內(nèi)容和歸屬隨著國(guó)際法的不同領(lǐng)域而有所不同,沿海國(guó)在海洋環(huán)境污染中對(duì)船源污染的管轄權(quán)屬于海洋法中管轄權(quán)問題的重要方面,它涉及在不同海域發(fā)生船源污染行為應(yīng)由哪些國(guó)家管轄和采用何種方式管轄的問題,《海洋法公約》打破了傳統(tǒng)的船旗國(guó)管轄原則,將管轄權(quán)在不同情況下分配給沿海國(guó)、船旗國(guó)和港口國(guó)三方,對(duì)傳統(tǒng)的船旗國(guó)管轄原則發(fā)起了猛烈的沖擊,但是這種沖擊是不夠徹底的,公約中有些規(guī)定對(duì)于沿海國(guó)的污染管轄權(quán)的規(guī)定仍然有不夠充分之處,仍有偏向船旗國(guó)之嫌。 本文寫作的目的有兩個(gè):一是從國(guó)家的角度,深入剖析了不同國(guó)家在海洋環(huán)境保護(hù)中所享有的公約規(guī)定的或者是國(guó)際習(xí)慣中存在的立法管轄權(quán)和執(zhí)法管轄權(quán),并通過深入分析《海洋法公約》中的相關(guān)規(guī)定,指出公約規(guī)定中欠缺的部分,二是通過對(duì)比當(dāng)今世界主要國(guó)家在管轄權(quán)方面的立法和實(shí)踐,深入剖析我國(guó)在污染管轄權(quán)方面的立法規(guī)定和法律實(shí)踐,指出我國(guó)當(dāng)今在污染管轄權(quán)方面存在的問題,并據(jù)此提出完善意見。 本文運(yùn)用的研究方法主要有:歷史研究方法、文獻(xiàn)研究方法、比較研究方法和案例分析研究方法。 本文主要分為三章,首先第一章是對(duì)沿海國(guó)在海洋環(huán)境保護(hù)污染管轄權(quán)的概述,主要概括了“海洋環(huán)境污染”的概念、分類、和污染有關(guān)的管轄權(quán)的歷史發(fā)展、產(chǎn)生背景等,并引出了本文需要論述的主要內(nèi)容;第二章是對(duì)沿海國(guó)對(duì)船源污染的管轄權(quán)進(jìn)行重點(diǎn)論述,從其法律淵源、具體適用等方面進(jìn)行分析,另外將管轄權(quán)細(xì)分為立法管轄權(quán)、執(zhí)行管轄權(quán)和司法管轄權(quán),并主要對(duì)立法管轄權(quán)和執(zhí)行管轄權(quán)進(jìn)行法律制度分析,初步闡明其存在的問題;第三章主要介紹了我國(guó)關(guān)于海洋環(huán)境保護(hù)的立法和實(shí)踐,并指出存在的問題,并運(yùn)用比較研究方法,主要介紹了美國(guó)、加拿大等國(guó)家的立法和實(shí)踐,并對(duì)其進(jìn)行法律和制度層面的分析,發(fā)掘可供借鑒的經(jīng)驗(yàn),然后自然而然對(duì)我國(guó)的立法工作和實(shí)踐提出建議,這也是本文的重點(diǎn)內(nèi)容之一,近年來,隨著我國(guó)海洋貿(mào)易的蓬勃發(fā)展,海洋環(huán)境保護(hù)現(xiàn)狀不容樂觀,沿海國(guó)的污染管轄權(quán)對(duì)擁有漫長(zhǎng)海岸線的中國(guó)的海洋環(huán)境保護(hù)工作具有十分重要的意義,針對(duì)我國(guó)海洋保護(hù)的現(xiàn)狀,我國(guó)應(yīng)積極探索適合中國(guó)國(guó)情的防治船源污染的法律制度體系,借鑒國(guó)外先進(jìn)經(jīng)驗(yàn),積極探索我國(guó)防止船源海洋環(huán)境污染的管轄權(quán)的有效對(duì)策,本文仍是從立法管轄權(quán)和執(zhí)行管轄權(quán)兩個(gè)角度提出不同的對(duì)策,條理分明,層次清晰,當(dāng)然由于本人研究水平尚淺,雖然花費(fèi)了大量的精力查閱資料,論文中恐有許多疏漏之處,敬請(qǐng)各位專家老師不吝賜教。
[Abstract]:Jurisdiction, as a complex and central issue in international law, is the primary issue that we cannot avoid when we study international law. Its content and attribution vary with different fields of international law. The jurisdiction of coastal States over ship-source pollution in the context of marine environmental pollution is an important aspect of the question of jurisdiction in the law of the sea, It deals with the question of which and in what manner an act of ship-source pollution occurs in different maritime areas, and UNCLOS breaks with the traditional principle of flag State jurisdiction and assigns jurisdiction to coastal States in different circumstances, The tripartite impact of the flag State and the port State on the traditional principle of flag State jurisdiction is, however, not sufficiently thorough and some provisions of the Convention remain inadequate with regard to the pollution jurisdiction of coastal States, There is still a suspicion of favouring the flag State. The purpose of this paper is twofold: first, from the point of view of the country, it deeply analyzes the legislative jurisdiction and the law enforcement jurisdiction that different countries enjoy in the protection of the marine environment under the convention or in the international custom. And through an in-depth analysis of the relevant provisions of the Convention on the Law of the Sea, it is pointed out that the provisions of the Convention are lacking. Second, by comparing the legislation and practice of the major countries in the world in the area of jurisdiction, This paper deeply analyzes the legislation and practice of pollution jurisdiction in our country, points out the existing problems in pollution jurisdiction in our country, and puts forward some suggestions on how to improve it. The research methods used in this paper are: historical research method, literature research method, comparative research method and case study method. This paper is mainly divided into three chapters. The first chapter is an overview of the pollution jurisdiction of coastal States in marine environmental protection. It mainly summarizes the concept, classification, historical development and background of pollution related jurisdiction. The second chapter focuses on the jurisdiction of coastal States over ship-source pollution, analyzes its legal origin and specific application, and subdivides jurisdiction into legislative jurisdiction. Executive jurisdiction and judicial jurisdiction, and mainly legislative jurisdiction and enforcement jurisdiction of the legal system analysis, preliminary elucidation of their problems. Chapter three mainly introduces the legislation and practice of marine environmental protection in China. It also points out the existing problems, and mainly introduces the legislation and practice of the United States, Canada and other countries by using the method of comparative research, and makes an analysis of the legal and institutional aspects to explore the experience that can be used for reference. Then it naturally puts forward suggestions to our legislative work and practice, which is also one of the key contents of this paper. In recent years, with the vigorous development of marine trade in China, the status quo of marine environmental protection is not optimistic. The pollution jurisdiction of the coastal state is of great significance to the marine environment protection of China, which has a long coastline. Our country should actively explore the legal system of preventing and controlling ship-source pollution suitable for China's national conditions, learn from the advanced experience of foreign countries, and actively explore the effective countermeasures of our jurisdiction to prevent ship-source marine environmental pollution. This article is still from the legislative jurisdiction and executive jurisdiction to put forward different countermeasures, clear and clear, of course, because the level of my research is still shallow, although spent a lot of energy to consult the data, I am afraid there are many omissions in the paper. Please feel free to give advice to your expert teachers.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)政法大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號(hào)】：D993.5

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