發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-05-09 08:46

  本文選題：氣候變化 + 溫室氣體排放��； 參考：《華東政法大學(xué)》2011年碩士論文

【摘要】：近年來,干旱、洪水、熱帶風(fēng)暴、地震、颶風(fēng)等極端氣候的頻發(fā)及其對人類生存生活帶來的巨大威脅使得人們更清楚地認(rèn)識到人類正面臨著應(yīng)對環(huán)境問題及氣候危機(jī)的持久戰(zhàn)。而環(huán)境問題及其解決途徑往往關(guān)系到一個(gè)國家的根本經(jīng)濟(jì)利益,甚至還會涉及該國的政治立場及國家安全,因此如何選擇應(yīng)對氣候危機(jī)的途徑成為了這場持久戰(zhàn)勝敗的關(guān)鍵。運(yùn)用“基于市場的工具”來解決由于市場經(jīng)濟(jì)下市場失靈所造成的環(huán)境負(fù)外部性問題逐漸得到世界各國的普遍認(rèn)可。而排放權(quán)交易體系自其提出以來以其在歐美的實(shí)踐經(jīng)驗(yàn)逐漸被證明為是一個(gè)減少溫室氣體排放、減緩氣候變化的高成效、低成本的途徑,在世界各國得到廣泛運(yùn)用�！堵�(lián)合國氣候變化框架公約》及其《京都議定書》在明確了發(fā)達(dá)國家及發(fā)展中國家就全球氣候問題所應(yīng)當(dāng)承擔(dān)的共同但有區(qū)別責(zé)任的基礎(chǔ)上,確立了溫室氣體減排目標(biāo),并引入了排放貿(mào)易、聯(lián)合履行及清潔發(fā)展機(jī)制三大靈活性履約機(jī)制。而在國際社會減少溫室氣體排放、應(yīng)對氣候危機(jī)的各項(xiàng)努力中,歐盟及其各成員國始終扮演了先行者的角色。2003年,歐盟為實(shí)現(xiàn)其在《京都議定書》項(xiàng)下的溫室氣體減排承諾,頒布了排放權(quán)交易體系指令,在歐盟各成員國及冰島、挪威及列支敦士登啟動了排放權(quán)交易體系,成為目前全球適用范圍最大的排放權(quán)交易體系。其于2008年將國際航空運(yùn)輸業(yè)納入該交易體系的范圍,并于2009年通過對排放權(quán)交易體系指令的第四次修訂啟動了范圍較大的體系改革。歐盟排放權(quán)交易體系的機(jī)制設(shè)置及實(shí)踐經(jīng)驗(yàn)值得各國借鑒。我國作為一個(gè)發(fā)展中國家,一方面在 國際社會應(yīng)當(dāng)堅(jiān)持共同但有區(qū)別責(zé)任,另一方面也應(yīng)當(dāng)認(rèn)識到溫室氣體高排放量對于環(huán)境的影響,在全國范圍內(nèi)加快引進(jìn)排放權(quán)交易體系。在我國構(gòu)建排放權(quán)交易體系的過程中,不僅應(yīng)當(dāng)借鑒歐盟經(jīng)驗(yàn),同時(shí)也應(yīng)當(dāng)認(rèn)識到我國自身的特點(diǎn),結(jié)合各省市開展的排污權(quán)交易及自愿減排交易試點(diǎn)的經(jīng)驗(yàn)和不足,建立起與國際實(shí)踐相接軌,同時(shí)又能體現(xiàn)中國特色的全國性排放權(quán)交易體系,以更好地應(yīng)對氣候危機(jī)。 本文第一章在概括介紹了氣候危機(jī)的現(xiàn)狀及其形成的主要原因后,提出了采用排放權(quán)交易體系這一基于市場的工具應(yīng)對氣候變化的可行性及其優(yōu)勢。第二章細(xì)致地介紹并分析了歐盟排放權(quán)交易體系這一當(dāng)前全球適用范圍最廣的強(qiáng)制排放權(quán)交易體系。而本文第三章則分析了我國借鑒外國實(shí)踐經(jīng)驗(yàn)在全國范圍內(nèi)建立排放權(quán)交易體系的必要性。
[Abstract]:In recent years, the frequent occurrence of extreme weather, such as drought, flood, tropical storm, earthquake, hurricane and so on, has made people realize more clearly that mankind is facing a protracted battle to deal with environmental problems and climate crisis. However, environmental problems and their solutions are often related to the fundamental economic interests of a country, and even to its political stand and national security. Therefore, how to choose the way to deal with the climate crisis is the key to win or lose this protracted war. The use of market-based tools to solve the environmental negative externalities caused by market failure in the market economy has gradually been accepted by all countries in the world. Since its introduction, the emissions trading system has gradually proved to be a highly effective and low-cost way to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and mitigate climate change through its practical experience in Europe and the United States. The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate change and its Kyoto Protocol, on the basis of defining the common but differentiated responsibilities of developed and developing countries with regard to global climate issues, The greenhouse gas emission reduction target is established, and three flexible implementation mechanisms are introduced, such as emissions trading, joint implementation and clean development mechanism. In the efforts of the international community to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and cope with the climate crisis, the European Union and its member States have always played a leading role. In 2003, the European Union in order to fulfil its greenhouse gas emission reduction commitments under the Kyoto Protocol, The emissions trading system directive has been issued and the emission trading system has been launched in member states of the European Union, Iceland, Norway and Liechtenstein, making it the largest emission trading system in the world. It brought the international air transport industry into the scope of the trading system in 2008 and launched a broader reform in 2009 through the fourth revision of the emissions trading system directive. The mechanism setting and practical experience of EU emission trading system are worth learning from other countries. China, as a developing country, on the one hand, The international community should insist on common but differentiated responsibilities. On the other hand, it should recognize the environmental impact of high greenhouse gas emissions and speed up the introduction of emissions trading systems throughout the country. In the process of constructing the emission trading system in China, we should not only learn from the experience of EU, but also recognize the characteristics of our own, and combine the experience and deficiency of emission trading and voluntary emission reduction trading carried out by various provinces and cities. To better deal with the climate crisis, a national emissions trading system, which is in line with international practice and can embody Chinese characteristics, has been established. The first chapter introduces the current situation of the climate crisis and the main reasons for its formation, and puts forward the feasibility and advantages of adopting the emissions trading system as a market-based tool to deal with climate change. The second chapter introduces and analyzes the emission trading system of the European Union, which is the most widely used compulsory emission trading system in the world. The third chapter analyzes the necessity of establishing emission trading system in China.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華東政法大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：D996;D996.9;X32

【引證文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前1條

1 李湘沅;國際碳排放權(quán)交易法律制度研究[D];南昌大學(xué);2012年

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本文編號：1865350