本文關(guān)鍵詞：美國網(wǎng)絡(luò)空間政策國際法研究，由筆耕文化傳播整理發(fā)布。

美國網(wǎng)絡(luò)空間政策國際法研究

The United States＇ Cyberspace Policy under International Law

[1]

ZHU Lu （ Department of International Relations, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China）

清華大學國際關(guān)系學系,北京100084

文章摘要：美國的網(wǎng)絡(luò)空間政策主要體現(xiàn)在軍方和政府的文件上．從最早的1993年白宮發(fā)布的關(guān)于發(fā)展信息基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施的12864號行政命令至今，已有近20年的時間。政府文件主要來自白宮，自始至終強調(diào)對關(guān)鍵基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施的發(fā)展與保護，基本不涉及國際法；軍方文件來自國防部、陸軍、海軍、空軍、軍法官參考文獻等，這些文件雖不同程度地提及國際法，但流于表面。美國的網(wǎng)絡(luò)空間政策經(jīng)歷了一個長期演化的過程，采取了4種策略，呈現(xiàn)出4個特點。2011年5月白宮發(fā)布的《網(wǎng)絡(luò)空間國際戰(zhàn)略》最終明確了美國將采取激進的網(wǎng)絡(luò)空間政策，即網(wǎng)絡(luò)空間的某些行為將導致美國在現(xiàn)實世界中使用武力，這對現(xiàn)有的國際法和國際法律秩序構(gòu)成嚴重挑戰(zhàn)，不僅會擴展領(lǐng)土和主權(quán)概念，延伸使用武力的含義，進一步濫用自衛(wèi)權(quán)；而且使國際社會更難以接受侵略的定義，使國際法的中立制度形同虛設(shè)，挑戰(zhàn)了國際法的責任制度，破壞了戰(zhàn)爭法的基石。

Abstr：The United States＇ cyberspaee policy is mainly reflected in the documents from the government and the military. It has been almost 20 years since Executive Order 12864 of 1993 related to the development of the National Information Infrastructure was promulgated. Most government documents on cyberspace were issued by the White House, which barely touched upon international law. Their military counterparts range from documents from Department of Defense, the Army, the Navy and the Air Force to judge advocates＇ references. Although these military documents did mention about international law, in-depth analysis were scarce. The United States＇ cyberspace policy has experienced a long-term evolving process during which four tactics were employed and four characteristics were formed. International Strategy for Cyberspace, issued by the White House in May 2012, finally made it clear that the United States would adopt a radical cyberspace policy via connecting certain acts in cyberspace with using force in the real world. It will pose grave challenges to international law and international legal order for not only would the traditional concepts of territory and sovereignty be overthrew and the meaning of using force be expanded, but also the right to self-defense would be further abused and the international society be more reluctant to accept the definition of aggression. Moreover, the neutral institution in international law would be nullified, the responsibility settings in international law would be challenged, and the foundation of law of war would be destroyed.

文章關(guān)鍵詞：

Keyword：:the United States＇ cyberspace policy rights to self-defense international law law of war

課題項目：2013年度國家社科基金重點資助項目“海外安全利益法律保護的中國模式研究”（13AFX028）;教育部人文社科重點基地重大項目“全球安全基本法律問題研究”（12JJD8200M）;中國博士后科學基金第53批面上資助項目“當代戰(zhàn)爭私有化與國際法的未來發(fā)展”（2013M530586）

作者信息：會員可見

  本文關(guān)鍵詞：美國網(wǎng)絡(luò)空間政策國際法研究，由筆耕文化傳播整理發(fā)布。