本文選題：漁業(yè)補(bǔ)貼 + WTO　； 參考：《鄭州大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文

【摘要】：漁業(yè)資源對一國的糧食安全有著重要意義。如何保持漁業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)健康、可持續(xù)的發(fā)展,是漁業(yè)國家所共同面臨的問題。以往,漁業(yè)國家大多通過提供高額的補(bǔ)貼來促進(jìn)本國漁業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)的發(fā)展。但現(xiàn)在各國紛紛意識到,漁業(yè)補(bǔ)貼的存在,不僅扭曲國際貿(mào)易,更催生了過度捕撈的現(xiàn)象。漁業(yè)補(bǔ)貼由于沒有專門的紀(jì)律約束,因而仍然受SCM協(xié)議的規(guī)范。但由于漁業(yè)這種資源的特殊性,SCM協(xié)議顯然不能很好地對漁業(yè)補(bǔ)貼進(jìn)行規(guī)范。一些國家注意到了這一現(xiàn)象,在多哈回合中,提出在WTO中建立專門的漁業(yè)補(bǔ)貼的建議。于是,漁業(yè)補(bǔ)貼這個議題在2002年被正式列入WTO多哈回合的談判中。 由于各成員的利益不同,對漁業(yè)補(bǔ)貼問題所持的立場和態(tài)度也各不相同�，F(xiàn)在爭論的焦點(diǎn)是如何對漁業(yè)補(bǔ)貼進(jìn)行規(guī)范,以達(dá)到限制捕撈、養(yǎng)護(hù)資源的環(huán)境目的。WTO成員將會組成不同的利益團(tuán)體,這些成員將會為自身和團(tuán)體利益進(jìn)行長時間的激烈談判。目前為止,談判已經(jīng)進(jìn)行了11年,共40多輪,交鋒相當(dāng)激烈,迄今,仍未達(dá)成一致的意見。但令人高興的是,談判進(jìn)程日趨明朗化,尤其是漁業(yè)補(bǔ)貼文本草案和談判路線圖的提出,更令人感到談判最終結(jié)果的達(dá)成指日可待。 本論文在總結(jié)漁業(yè)補(bǔ)貼基本理論的基礎(chǔ)上,采用提出問題、分析問題、解決問題的思路。第一部分是概述,主要介紹了漁業(yè)補(bǔ)貼的定義、分類以及漁業(yè)補(bǔ)貼與農(nóng)業(yè)補(bǔ)貼的關(guān)系。第二部分分析了WTO現(xiàn)有的制度對漁業(yè)補(bǔ)貼的相關(guān)規(guī)定和適用問題：一是對WTO序言中規(guī)則與環(huán)境例外和漁業(yè)補(bǔ)貼的關(guān)系的進(jìn)行了討論；二是就SCM協(xié)議對漁業(yè)補(bǔ)貼的規(guī)定進(jìn)行了分析,指出了其中存在的不足之處。第三部分對WTO漁業(yè)補(bǔ)貼談判的進(jìn)程進(jìn)行了梳理和歸納,討論了漁業(yè)補(bǔ)貼主要談判立場、規(guī)范模式建議這兩個談判過程中爭議的焦點(diǎn)問題,并對WTO漁業(yè)補(bǔ)貼談判的走向進(jìn)行了分析和預(yù)測。第四部分分析了漁業(yè)補(bǔ)貼談判對中國的可能影響及我國的應(yīng)對措施。 我們認(rèn)為漁業(yè)補(bǔ)貼存在的問題是明顯的,亟待以新的專門的規(guī)范予以約束,對最終的談判結(jié)果我們抱謹(jǐn)慎樂觀態(tài)度,應(yīng)及早做好應(yīng)對措施。
[Abstract]:Fishery resources are of great significance to the food security of a country. How to maintain healthy and sustainable development of fishery industry is a common problem faced by fishery countries. In the past, fishing countries mostly provided high subsidies to promote the development of their fishery industry. But now countries are aware that the existence of fishery subsidies not only distorts international trade, but also creates overfishing. Fishery subsidies are still regulated by the SCM because they are not subject to specific discipline. However, because of the particularity of fishery resources, SCM agreement can not regulate fishery subsidies well. Some countries have taken note of this phenomenon and in the Doha Round proposed a special fishery subsidy in the WTO. As a result, the issue of fisheries subsidies was formally included in the WTO Doha Round in 2002. Because of the different interests of the members, the position and attitude on the issue of fishery subsidies are different. At present, the focus of the debate is how to regulate fishery subsidies in order to achieve the goal of limiting fishing. WTO members will form different interest groups to conserve resources. These members will conduct long and intense negotiations for their own and group interests. So far, the talks have been going on for more than 40 rounds for more than 11 years and the battle has been fierce, and so far no agreement has been reached. However, it is gratifying to note that the process of negotiations has become increasingly clear, especially with the proposed draft text on fisheries subsidies and the proposed road map for the negotiations, which makes it even more likely that the final outcome of the negotiations will be reached. On the basis of summarizing the basic theory of fishery subsidy, this paper adopts the idea of putting forward problems, analyzing problems and solving problems. The first part is an overview, mainly introduces the definition, classification of fishery subsidies and the relationship between fishery subsidies and agricultural subsidies. The second part analyzes the relevant provisions and application of the existing system of WTO on fishery subsidies: first, discusses the relationship between the rules in the preamble of WTO and environmental exceptions and fishery subsidies; Secondly, the article analyzes the regulation of fishery subsidy in SCM agreement, and points out the deficiency. In the third part, the process of WTO fishery subsidy negotiation is summarized, and the main negotiation positions of fishery subsidy are discussed. The trend of WTO fishery subsidy negotiation is analyzed and forecasted. The fourth part analyzes the possible influence of fishery subsidy negotiation on China and the countermeasures of our country. We think that the problem of fishery subsidy is obvious, it needs to be restrained by new special regulation, we are cautiously optimistic about the final negotiation result, and we should take countermeasures as soon as possible.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：鄭州大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：D996.1

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