本文選題：實(shí)物憑證標(biāo)本 + 國(guó)際動(dòng)物命名法規(guī)�。� 參考：《生物多樣性》2017年11期

【摘要】：隨著瀕危物種保護(hù)意識(shí)的不斷提升和數(shù)字化技術(shù)的不斷進(jìn)步,加之對(duì)《國(guó)際動(dòng)物命名法規(guī)》(第4版)相關(guān)條款的不同理解,近年來(lái)出現(xiàn)了不以保藏的死的動(dòng)物個(gè)體實(shí)物標(biāo)本為模式標(biāo)本命名脊椎動(dòng)物新種的案例,引起了能否不依據(jù)實(shí)物憑證標(biāo)本命名動(dòng)物新種的討論。2015年Marshall和Evenhuis依據(jù)15張數(shù)碼照片發(fā)表了昆蟲(chóng)一新種,立即引發(fā)了對(duì)這一論題的激烈爭(zhēng)論。反對(duì)必須以實(shí)物標(biāo)本作為模式標(biāo)本者認(rèn)為,《國(guó)際動(dòng)物命名法規(guī)》(第4版)第73.1.4條款允許以圖為正模來(lái)命名動(dòng)物,越來(lái)越多的"數(shù)碼采集者"為依據(jù)圖片發(fā)表新種提供了更大的可能,而且這樣做可以避免因采集標(biāo)本對(duì)瀕危物種造成威脅;堅(jiān)持必須以實(shí)物標(biāo)本作為模式標(biāo)本者則認(rèn)為,《國(guó)際動(dòng)物命名法規(guī)》(第4版)十分強(qiáng)調(diào)以實(shí)物標(biāo)本作為載名模式,以圖或其他非死的動(dòng)物個(gè)體實(shí)物標(biāo)本為依據(jù)發(fā)表新種可能因無(wú)法獲得更加詳細(xì)、準(zhǔn)確、全面的形態(tài)特征信息而造成學(xué)術(shù)上的缺憾或混亂,也存在造假的可能性,并且認(rèn)為采集標(biāo)本并不是造成物種瀕�；驕缃^的原因。本文對(duì)上述觀點(diǎn)進(jìn)行了總結(jié),認(rèn)為鑒于《國(guó)際動(dòng)物命名法規(guī)》(第4版)中存在模糊甚至相互矛盾的一些內(nèi)容,非常有必要進(jìn)行一次全面的修訂。在修訂時(shí),應(yīng)該考慮瀕危物種保護(hù)、新技術(shù)應(yīng)用等諸多需求。鼓勵(lì)依據(jù)實(shí)物標(biāo)本命名動(dòng)物新種,在合理、適度、有序的原則下不斷收集動(dòng)物標(biāo)本。
[Abstract]:With the increasing awareness of endangered species conservation and the development of digital technology, as well as the different understanding of the relevant provisions of the International Code of naming of Animals (4th Edition), In recent years, there have been cases in which new vertebrate species have not been named as type specimens of preserved dead animals. Marshall and Evenhuis published a new species of insects on the basis of 15 digital photos in 2015, which immediately triggered a heated debate on this topic. Those who object to the need for the use of physical specimens as type specimens believe that section 73.1.4 of the International Code of naming of Animals (4th ed.) allows for the naming of animals as positive models, A growing number of "digital collectors" offer greater possibilities for the publication of new species based on images, and do so to avoid the threat to endangered species from collecting specimens; Those who insist on the need to use physical specimens as type specimens believe that the International Code of naming of Animals (4th Edition) places great emphasis on the use of physical specimens as the model for carrying names, The publication of new species on the basis of object specimens of individuals who are not dead animals may result in academic imperfections or confusion due to the inability to obtain more detailed, accurate and comprehensive morphological information, as well as the possibility of falsification. And the collection of specimens is not the cause of endangered or extinct species. In this paper, the author summarizes the above views and holds that it is necessary to carry out a comprehensive revision in view of the fuzzy and even contradictory contents in the International Law of Animal Nomenclature (4th Edition). In the revision, we should consider the protection of endangered species, the application of new technologies and many other needs. New species of animals are encouraged to be named according to physical specimens and collected continuously under the principle of rationality, moderation and order.
【作者單位】： 中國(guó)科學(xué)院動(dòng)物研究所動(dòng)物進(jìn)化與系統(tǒng)學(xué)院重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室;
【基金】：國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金(31372155) 科技部科技基礎(chǔ)性工作專(zhuān)項(xiàng)(2014FY210200)、科技部國(guó)家國(guó)際科技合作專(zhuān)項(xiàng)(2015DFR30790) 國(guó)家科技基礎(chǔ)條件平臺(tái)工作重點(diǎn)項(xiàng)目(2005DKA21402)
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：D996.9;Q95

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