本文選題：南極 + 外大陸架　； 參考：《復旦大學》2012年碩士論文

【摘要】：白雪皚皚的南極洲是現(xiàn)今世界唯一沒有確定主權歸屬和未開發(fā)的大陸。但隨著人類對南極大陸認識的不斷深入,其所具有的特殊政治、經(jīng)濟、科學以及軍事價值使其成為諸多國家競相爭奪的對象。在南極主權紛爭日趨激烈的背景下,1959年由美國、蘇聯(lián)、英國等12國簽署的《南極條約》對各國對南極領土要求采取了既不承認,也不否認的“凍結”方式,暫時擱置了各國圍繞南極洲領土歸屬的爭議。 但是,進入新世紀以來,隨著國際社會對南極重要戰(zhàn)略地位認識的進一步深化,以及全球資源與能源的日趨緊張,各國在南極的利益訴求開始轉(zhuǎn)向南極外大陸架及其海域資源。英國、阿根廷等國以《南極條約》對南極海域及大陸架的模糊定位以及與聯(lián)合國海洋法公約規(guī)定存在一定的沖突為契機,相繼向聯(lián)合國大陸架界限委員會提交南極海域外大陸架劃界申請,試圖謀求未來在南極的資源權利。此舉引發(fā)國際社會的普遍關注,傳統(tǒng)南極事務大國競相參與南極外大陸架勘探與研究,以期為本國在南極的利益搶占先機。縱觀中國涉南科學考察,雖然自然科學研究取得了豐碩成果,但從政治法律視角研究南極問題的成果非常有限,難以反映南極問題的最新發(fā)展。因此有針對性地研究南極大陸架及其海洋資源的權屬及其法律問題,對于提升我國在南極事務上的發(fā)言權和影響力以及在南極資源的開發(fā)利用中爭取主動都有著重要的戰(zhàn)略意義。 本文除引言與結束語外,共分四章。第一章介紹外大陸架的基本法律制度,包括大陸架的概念和歷史發(fā)展并引申出外大陸架的定義和劃界原則。第二章是本論文的主干,以《南極條約》為背景,闡述南極外大陸架爭端的主要原因,詳述最近階段南極外大陸架申請情況。第三章評析《南極條約》體系與《聯(lián)合國海洋法公約》的沖突和各自存在的漏洞和缺陷,指出存在主要法律問題。最后一章為南極外大陸架劃界解決模式探究。
[Abstract]:The snow-capped Antarctica is the only continent in the world that has no claim and no development. However, with the deepening of human understanding of the Antarctic continent, its special political, economic, scientific and military values make it a competitive object for many countries. Against the background of an increasingly fierce dispute over sovereignty over Antarctica, the Antarctic Treaty, signed in 1959 by the United States, the Soviet Union, Britain and other 12 countries, has adopted a "freeze" approach that neither recognizes nor denies the claims of various countries to Antarctic territory. The dispute over the territory of Antarctica has been shelved for the time being. However, since entering the new century, with the further deepening of the international community's understanding of the important strategic position of Antarctica and the increasing tension of global resources and energy, the interests of various countries in Antarctica have begun to turn to the outer Antarctic continental shelf and its marine resources. Britain, Argentina, and other countries take the "Antarctic Treaty" as an opportunity for the ambiguous positioning of the Antarctic sea area and continental shelf and the existence of certain conflicts with the provisions of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea. Applications for the delimitation of the outer continental shelf in the Antarctic area have been submitted to the United Nations Commission on the limits of the Continental Shelf one after another in an attempt to seek future resource rights in the Antarctic. This has aroused the general concern of the international community, and traditional Antarctic affairs powers are competing to participate in the exploration and research of the outer Antarctic continental shelf in order to seize the first opportunity for their own interests in Antarctica. A survey of China's scientific investigation into South Africa shows that although the study of natural science has achieved fruitful results, the research on Antarctica from the perspective of political law is very limited, and it is difficult to reflect the latest development of the Antarctic issue. Thus focusing on the ownership and legal aspects of the Antarctic continental shelf and its marine resources, It is of great strategic significance to enhance our country's voice and influence in Antarctic affairs and to strive for initiative in the exploitation and utilization of Antarctic resources. In addition to the introduction and conclusion, this article is divided into four chapters. The first chapter introduces the basic legal system of the outer continental shelf, including the concept and historical development of the continental shelf, and extends the definition and delimitation principle of the outer continental shelf. The second chapter is the main part of this paper. Taking the Antarctic Treaty as the background, the paper expounds the main reasons of the dispute over the extra-Antarctic continental shelf, and gives a detailed description of the application situation of the extra-Antarctic continental shelf in the recent period. The third chapter analyzes the conflicts between the Antarctic Treaty system and the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, and points out the main legal problems. The last chapter is the exploration of the model for the delimitation of the outer Antarctic continental shelf.
【學位授予單位】：復旦大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：D993.5

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