本文選題：跨界水資源法 + 中印��； 參考：《武漢大學(xué)》2014年博士論文

【摘要】：在當(dāng)前龐大人口總量、全球水危機(jī)和水資源緊張背景下,跨界水資源的開發(fā)利用已經(jīng)成為諸多國家的必然選擇,由此引發(fā)了國際水道國家之間的跨界水資源開發(fā)利用之爭端。顯然,國際社會已經(jīng)意識到在全球范圍內(nèi)制定跨界水資源法的現(xiàn)實必要性。雖然目前國際社會的努力還尚未使跨界水資源的重要法律正式生效,但是其相關(guān)的重要法律文件已經(jīng)構(gòu)筑了一套初具雛形的跨界水資源法的原則、規(guī)則和制度體系。 本文旨在對中印跨界水資源的開發(fā)利用的現(xiàn)實需要、跨界水資源法的基本原理及其歷史演變進(jìn)行必要的梳理,并探討中印跨界水資源的水權(quán)問題、分配問題、可持續(xù)發(fā)展問題及其爭端解決機(jī)制等問題。加強(qiáng)對中印跨界水資源開發(fā)利用法律問題的深入研究,將為中印在跨界水資源上的開發(fā)利用實踐提供了有益的理論參考。 本文主要研究中印跨界水資源開發(fā)利用的法律問題。具體而言,它分為八個部分。 緒論部分主要闡述研究中印跨界水資源開發(fā)利用法律問題的現(xiàn)實意義、國內(nèi)外研究現(xiàn)狀和研究方法。 第一章是關(guān)于中印跨界水資源開發(fā)利用概述。本章從跨界水資源的定義和類型入手,主要論述了當(dāng)前中印跨界水資源開發(fā)利用的基礎(chǔ)、兩國的合作現(xiàn)狀及當(dāng)前存在的問題。沖突與合作是跨界水資源的共有的特征,中印跨界水資源亦不可避免。這進(jìn)一步地引出了加強(qiáng)中印跨界水資源開發(fā)利用法律問題研究的必要性和現(xiàn)實意義。 第二章是跨界水資源法的法理分析。該部分主要包含跨界水資源法的法理基礎(chǔ)及其演變進(jìn)程。本章不但剖析了跨界水資源法的主體及研究對象-國際河流、國際湖泊和跨界含水層的相關(guān)法律制度以及其主體,而且從全球視角論述了跨界水資源法的演變進(jìn)程,并提出跨界水資源法是國際法和國際水法的重要組成部分。 第三章闡述中印跨界水資源開發(fā)利用的水權(quán)問題。本章的主要內(nèi)容包括四個方面：(1)國際法的主權(quán)觀；(2)跨界水資源法的水權(quán)論；(3)中印跨界水資源的水權(quán)上的絕對性；(4)中印跨界水資源的水權(quán)上的相對性等。其中,重點對該水資源的水權(quán)的絕對性和相對性進(jìn)行研究,并在多語境下、特別是氣候變化背景下,深化了中印跨界水資源的水權(quán)認(rèn)識,提出了一些應(yīng)對措施。 第四章探討中印跨界水資源開發(fā)利用的分配問題。論文先從中印跨界水資源開發(fā)利用的分配現(xiàn)狀入手,客觀地指出了當(dāng)前該跨界水資源開發(fā)利用的分配問題,再援引中印跨界水資源分配的法理基礎(chǔ),之后再結(jié)合全球多種跨界水資源的分配模式實踐,具體地評述了影響中印跨界水資源分配的四大因素,如水資源分配的目標(biāo)、氣候和水文、地下水、文化和宗教因素等。 第五章主要剖析中印跨界水資源開發(fā)利用的可持續(xù)發(fā)展問題。本部分先從可持續(xù)發(fā)展的含義著手,指出當(dāng)前中印跨界水資源可持續(xù)發(fā)展所面臨的主要問題,根據(jù)國際法、國際環(huán)境法、國際水法等相關(guān)理論,分析水資源環(huán)境保護(hù)的國內(nèi)法、國際法基礎(chǔ),論證構(gòu)建中印跨界環(huán)境影響評價法律機(jī)制的必要性和可行性,并提出多個方面的構(gòu)建對策。 第六章涉及中印跨界水資源開發(fā)利用的爭端解決機(jī)制。本部分不但審視涉水條約中的和平解決跨界水資源爭端解決機(jī)制,而且還剖析以常設(shè)國際法院、國際法院和非政府組織構(gòu)成的第三方在解決跨界水資源開發(fā)利用的爭端中的作用,之后還論證了中印跨界水資源開發(fā)利用爭端解決機(jī)制的現(xiàn)狀及其構(gòu)建的必要性和可行性,并從其外在基礎(chǔ)和原則與方式,指出其構(gòu)建的路徑。 結(jié)論部分著重總結(jié)中印跨界水資源開發(fā)利用法律制度的特點和缺陷,并從國際社會、中國與印度、國際河流委員會管理機(jī)構(gòu)、《聯(lián)合國國際水道非航行使用法公約》即將生效之際、國際組織等方面有針對性地提出了完善建議。
[Abstract]:In the large population, the global water crisis and shortage of water resources under the background of the development and utilization of transboundary water resources has become the inevitable choice of many countries, which sparked international watercourses national water resources development and utilization of cross-border disputes. Obviously, the international community has realized that it is necessary to establish the transboundary water resources in the world inside. Although the efforts of the international community has yet to make an important law of transboundary water resources came into effect, but the relevant legal documents has built a set of international water resources law rudimentary principles, rules and systems.
This paper aims at practical needs of development and utilization of water resources in China and India border, the evolution of the basic principle and the history of international water resources law reviews, and discuss the problems of water rights, water resources and cross-border distribution, sustainable development problems and resolve disputes. To strengthen the research on Legal Problems of the development and utilization of transboundary water India resources will provide a beneficial reference for the development and utilization of transboundary water resources in the practice of China and India.
This paper mainly studies the legal issues of the development and utilization of China and India's cross boundary water resources. In particular, it is divided into eight parts.
The introduction part mainly expounds the practical significance of the research on the legal problems of the development and utilization of Sino Indian water resources, and the research status and research methods at home and abroad.
The first chapter is about the overview of the development and utilization of transboundary water resources in China and India. This chapter from the definition and types of transboundary water resources, mainly discusses the current development and utilization of transboundary water resources cooperation between China and India, the present situation of the two countries and the existing problems. The conflict and cooperation are the common features of transboundary water resources, water resources and India also cross this leads to the inevitable. Further strengthen China water resources development and utilization of cross-border legal issues on the necessity and practical significance.
The second chapter is the legal analysis of transboundary water resources law. The legal basis and the evolution process of this part mainly includes international water resources law. This chapter not only analyzes the main transboundary water resources law and the object of study of international legal system of international rivers, lakes and transboundary aquifers as well as its main body, and discusses from a global perspective the evolution of international water resources law, and put forward the international water resources law is an important part of international law and international law.
The third chapter expounds the problems in the development and utilization of water and transboundary water resources. The main contents of this chapter includes four aspects: (1) the sovereignty of international law; (2) International Water Resources Law of water rights theory; (3) the absolute water resources India water on transboundary water resources; (4) India border the water rights on the relativity. The study of relative and absolute focus on the water rights of water resources, and in many contexts, especially under the background of climate change, deepening water resources India cross-border water rights awareness, puts forward some countermeasures.
The fourth chapter discusses the development and utilization of transboundary water resources allocation problem between China and India. Firstly, from the current situation of the development and utilization of transboundary water resources allocation in China and India with objectively pointed out the development and utilization of water resources in the cross-border allocation problem, and then quoted the legal foundation of China and India transboundary water resources allocation, combined with the practice of distribution mode of transboundary water resources worldwide more specifically, comments on the four major factors influencing China India transboundary water resources allocation, such as the allocation of water resources, climate and hydrology, groundwater, cultural and religious factors.
The fifth chapter mainly analyzes the sustainable development and utilization of transboundary water resources in China and India. The first part from the implication of sustainable development, pointed out the main problems of water resources sustainable development in China and India facing cross, according to international law, international environmental law, international law and other related theories, analysis of domestic law of water resources and environmental protection, international foundation method, demonstrates the necessity and feasibility of the construction of the Sino Indian transboundary environmental impact assessment of the legal system, and puts forward countermeasures in many aspects.
The sixth chapter relates to the development and utilization of transboundary water resources and dispute settlement mechanism. This part not only examine the treaty in the peaceful settlement of wading transboundary water resources dispute settlement mechanism, but also to analyze the Permanent Court of international justice, the International Court of justice and non governmental organizations constitute the third party role in solving the water resources development and utilization of cross-border disputes, after demonstrates the necessity and feasibility of India transboundary water resources development and utilization of dispute settlement mechanism of the present situation of its construction, and from the external basis and principles and methods, and points out its construction path.
The conclusion part summarizes the characteristics of India and the defects of the legal system of water resources development and utilization of cross-border, and from the international community, Chinese and India, international rivers management committee, < Navigation > immediately before the commencement of the Convention on the law of international watercourses non United Nations, international organizations and puts forward suggestions.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：武漢大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：D993.3
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本文編號：1757689