本文選題：運(yùn)輸合同 + 契約自由�。� 參考：《中國(guó)法學(xué)》2016年06期

【摘要】：當(dāng)法律需要實(shí)現(xiàn)的目標(biāo)是對(duì)公共利益的維護(hù)時(shí),強(qiáng)制性規(guī)則是必要的,但當(dāng)法律試圖調(diào)整承托雙方之間的利益公平時(shí),就產(chǎn)生了強(qiáng)制性是否需要和進(jìn)行干預(yù)程度的問(wèn)題。強(qiáng)制性規(guī)則雖然對(duì)國(guó)際海上班輪貨物運(yùn)輸合同責(zé)任的公平性分配、保護(hù)貨方利益發(fā)揮了重要的作用,但其整體效果仍有待進(jìn)一步研究。強(qiáng)制性規(guī)則的缺陷集中體現(xiàn)在責(zé)任的固定上,這會(huì)削弱效率價(jià)值的發(fā)揮,而是否取消強(qiáng)制性干預(yù)主要是由船貨雙方談判勢(shì)力的平等性所決定的。目前的航運(yùn)事實(shí)未能證明承運(yùn)人繼續(xù)和長(zhǎng)期擁有這種優(yōu)勢(shì)的談判地位,承托雙方談判勢(shì)力趨向平等,從而為契約自由提供了基礎(chǔ)。基于國(guó)際班輪運(yùn)輸?shù)牟糠珠L(zhǎng)期合作性合同中承托雙方談判勢(shì)力趨向平等,《鹿特丹規(guī)則》中制定了批量合同,回歸契約自由原則,以構(gòu)建一個(gè)整體上有實(shí)效的,但應(yīng)受到一種最低限度的航運(yùn)安全、公共利益與公序良俗限制的航運(yùn)秩序。這代表了當(dāng)今國(guó)際海上班輪貨物運(yùn)輸合同中強(qiáng)制性的干預(yù)程度、強(qiáng)制性規(guī)則與任意性規(guī)則平衡發(fā)展的趨勢(shì)。
[Abstract]:When the goal of the law is to safeguard the public interest, mandatory rules are necessary, but when the law tries to adjust the equity of the interests between the two parties, the question of whether or not the compulsory need and the degree of intervention arises.Although the mandatory rules play an important role in the fair distribution of the liability and the protection of the interests of the cargo parties, the overall effect of the rules remains to be further studied.The limitation of mandatory rules is mainly reflected in the fixed liability, which will weaken the exertion of efficiency value, and whether or not to cancel the mandatory intervention is mainly determined by the equality of the negotiating power between the ship and the cargo parties.The current shipping facts fail to prove that the carrier continues to have this advantage for a long time, and that the negotiation forces of both parties tend to be equal, thus providing the basis for the freedom of contract.Based on the fact that in part of the long-term cooperative contracts for international liner shipping, the negotiating forces of both parties tend to be equal, the "Rotterdam rules" have formulated bulk contracts and returned to the principle of freedom of contract, in order to build an overall and effective one.However, the shipping order should be restricted by a minimum of shipping safety, public interest and public order.This represents the trend of the balance between compulsory and arbitrary rules in the international contract for the carriage of goods by sea.
【作者單位】： 南開(kāi)大學(xué)法學(xué)院;
【分類號(hào)】：D996.19

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