用盡當?shù)鼐葷瓌t研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-04-11 23:11
本文選題：外交保護 + 用盡當?shù)鼐葷?/strong>�。� 參考：《華東政法大學》2011年碩士論文
【摘要】：作為國際法領(lǐng)域一項長久形成的制度,外交保護在國際法律實踐中發(fā)揮著重要作用。正是認識到了規(guī)范外交保護制度的重要性和迫切性,聯(lián)合國國際法委員會經(jīng)過多年研究,于2004年起草了《外交保護條款草案》(以下稱“草案”)交付聯(lián)合國大會討論,并在2004年和2006年分別一讀和二讀通過了該草案,并且將外交保護的議題也列入了2010年65屆會議議程。用盡當?shù)鼐葷瓌t經(jīng)過數(shù)百年的發(fā)展已經(jīng)成為了外交保護制度中必不可缺少的一項條件,這一國際習慣法規(guī)則的產(chǎn)生和發(fā)展有著深刻的國際法理論基礎(chǔ),也得到了國際社會的一致認可,實踐中也存在諸多判決支持用盡當?shù)鼐葷瓌t的適用,但是這一原則現(xiàn)今仍舊存在很大的不確定性,本文正是從研究用盡當?shù)鼐葷瓌t的理論基礎(chǔ)出發(fā),對其產(chǎn)生發(fā)展和適用中的問題作進一步研究。 第一部分主要分析用盡當?shù)鼐葷瓌t產(chǎn)生的背景和理論基礎(chǔ),其中包括了用盡當?shù)鼐葷瓌t的概念和淵源,以及作為用盡當?shù)鼐葷瓌t產(chǎn)生理論基礎(chǔ)的國家主權(quán)原則等。同時,該部分還著重研究了用盡當?shù)鼐葷瓌t的性質(zhì)這一長期有爭議的問題,認為用盡當?shù)鼐葷瓌t具有實體法和程序法要求的雙重屬性。 第二部分主要研究了卡爾沃主義與用盡當?shù)鼐葷瓌t的密切聯(lián)系和區(qū)別,就理論和實踐中對卡爾沃條款有效性的爭論提出了判斷的標準。 第三部分就用盡當?shù)鼐葷瓌t中的具體問題展開研究。首先明確了用盡當?shù)鼐葷瓌t歸屬外交保護,不應當適用于直接損害一國國家利益的案件。而后,又對用盡當?shù)鼐葷瓌t在外交保護和領(lǐng)事保護中的作用進行了分析,更加明確用盡當?shù)鼐葷瓌t在實踐中的作用。在具體適用問題上,文章分析了何為用盡當?shù)鼐葷约坝帽M當?shù)鼐葷睦馇樾?更加清晰的展現(xiàn)出用盡當?shù)鼐葷瓌t的適用。 文章最后部分對外交保護制度和用盡當?shù)鼐葷瓌t現(xiàn)今的狀況做了簡要介紹。 雖然《外交保護條款草案》中對于用盡當?shù)鼐葷瓌t已經(jīng)有了明確規(guī)定,但是不難發(fā)現(xiàn),《外交保護條款草案》中的相關(guān)條款對于爭議問題的回答也是不完全和不具體的。因此我們有必要進一步對外交保護制度中的用盡當?shù)鼐葷瓌t進行分析和研究,從而更好的促進這一原則在個案中的適用。
[Abstract]:As a long-formed system in the field of international law, diplomatic protection plays an important role in international legal practice.Recognizing the importance and urgency of regulating the regime of diplomatic protection, the United Nations International Law Commission, after many years of study, prepared the draft articles on diplomatic Protection (hereinafter referred to as "the draft") in 2004 for discussion in the General Assembly of the United Nations,The draft had been adopted on first and second reading, respectively, in 2004 and 2006, and the topic of diplomatic protection had also been included in the agenda of the 65th session in 2010.The principle of exhaustion of local remedies has become an indispensable condition in the system of diplomatic protection after hundreds of years of development, and the emergence and development of this rule of customary international law has a profound theoretical basis of international law,It has also been unanimously recognized by the international community. In practice, there are also many judgments supporting the application of the principle of exhaustion of local remedies. However, there is still great uncertainty about this principle.Based on the theoretical basis of the principle of exhaustion of local remedies, this paper makes a further study on its emergence, development and application.The first part mainly analyzes the background and theoretical basis of the principle of exhaustion of local remedies, including the concept and origin of the principle of exhaustion of local remedies, and the principle of national sovereignty as the theoretical basis of the principle of exhaustion of local remedies.At the same time, this part also focuses on the issue of the nature of the exhaustion of local remedies, which is a controversial issue for a long time, and holds that the principle of exhaustion of local remedies has the dual attributes of substantive law and procedural law.The second part mainly studies the close relation and difference between Carbo doctrine and the principle of exhaustion of local remedies, and puts forward the criterion of judging the validity of Carbo clause in theory and practice.The third part studies the specific problems in the principle of exhaustion of local remedies.Firstly, it is clear that the principle of exhaustion of local remedies belongs to diplomatic protection and should not be applied in cases directly injurious to the national interests of a State.Then, the function of exhaustion of local remedies in diplomatic protection and consular protection is analyzed, and the role of exhaustion of local remedies in practice is more clearly defined.On the specific application, this paper analyzes what is the exhaustion of local remedies and the exception of exhaustion of local remedies, and more clearly shows the application of the principle of exhaustion of local remedies.The last part of the article briefly introduces the current situation of the system of diplomatic protection and the principle of exhaustion of local remedies.Although the principle of exhaustion of local remedies was clearly provided for in the draft articles on diplomatic Protection, it was not difficult to find that the relevant provisions in the draft articles on diplomatic protection were also incomplete and unspecific in their answers to the question of dispute.Therefore, we need to further analyze and study the principle of exhaustion of local remedies in the system of diplomatic protection, so as to better promote the application of this principle in individual cases.
【學位授予單位】：華東政法大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：D990
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