本文選題：國(guó)際貨物銷(xiāo)售合同　切入點(diǎn)：違約　出處：《湖南師范大學(xué)》2011年博士論文

【摘要】：在國(guó)際貨物銷(xiāo)售合同關(guān)系中,除了獲取合同預(yù)期利益之外,違約責(zé)任判定與承擔(dān)應(yīng)是當(dāng)事人雙方最為關(guān)切的問(wèn)題。但目前學(xué)界對(duì)該問(wèn)題缺乏較為全面系統(tǒng)的比較研究,因此加強(qiáng)對(duì)其違約責(zé)任的深入研究無(wú)疑十分重要和必要。 在第一章“引論”部分,為給后文的展開(kāi)做好鋪墊,簡(jiǎn)要介紹了選題的緣起、目的與意義、研究的主要范圍及規(guī)范對(duì)象、研究的方法等內(nèi)容,并指出擬創(chuàng)新之處。 第二章“國(guó)際貨物銷(xiāo)售合同違約責(zé)任的概念界定”：在分析了“國(guó)際貨物銷(xiāo)售合同”及其“違約責(zé)任”的概念、特征或基本構(gòu)成等。同時(shí),從羅馬法、大陸法、英美判例法等和《公約》等國(guó)際法律規(guī)范出發(fā),梳理了其理論嬗變的進(jìn)程。 第三章“國(guó)際貨物銷(xiāo)售合同違約責(zé)任的判定依據(jù)”：從違約行為、損害事實(shí)、因果關(guān)系與主觀(guān)過(guò)錯(cuò)等方面論述了“違約”的內(nèi)涵、特征及其基本構(gòu)成。還就其違約判定的事實(shí)前提、法律依據(jù)、判定違約之法律沖突及其協(xié)調(diào)方法以及判定違約的規(guī)則等,展開(kāi)了論述。 第四章“國(guó)際貨物銷(xiāo)售合同違約的形態(tài)”：鑒于以合同義務(wù)來(lái)源為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)劃分違約形態(tài)更契合各國(guó)法律現(xiàn)狀與合同義務(wù)發(fā)展趨勢(shì),在探討國(guó)際貨物銷(xiāo)售合同違約的形態(tài)時(shí),論述了違反約定義務(wù)、違反法定義務(wù)和違反附隨義務(wù)等三種違約形態(tài)。 第五章“國(guó)際貨物銷(xiāo)售合同違約的責(zé)任與救濟(jì)”：從違約責(zé)任和救濟(jì)的理論出發(fā),并區(qū)分不同的違約情形論述了相應(yīng)的救濟(jì)形式,以及在何種情形下可以免責(zé)的事由。 第六章“國(guó)際貨物銷(xiāo)售合同違約的解釋及法律適用規(guī)則”：要探討判定國(guó)際貨物銷(xiāo)售合同違約的解釋規(guī)則,則應(yīng)先由解讀國(guó)際貨物銷(xiāo)售合同解釋規(guī)則的入手。本章涵蓋了違約解釋的理論與實(shí)踐困境、方法與依據(jù)、一般原則和違約法律適用的規(guī)則解釋等內(nèi)容。 第七章“國(guó)際貨物銷(xiāo)售合同違約責(zé)任分配的“平等”取向”：從國(guó)際民商法的有關(guān)法律規(guī)范中,找到“平等公允”的依據(jù),并論證了其作為國(guó)際貨物銷(xiāo)售違約責(zé)任分配中的一種價(jià)值新趨向。 本文在第八章“結(jié)論”部分指出了幾點(diǎn)心得或者說(shuō)結(jié)論： 其一,國(guó)際貨物銷(xiāo)售合同應(yīng)以“具有跨國(guó)因素”為判定標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。這有利于區(qū)別于純國(guó)內(nèi)貨物銷(xiāo)售合同,更有力地保護(hù)當(dāng)事人權(quán)益。 其二,國(guó)際貨物銷(xiāo)售合同違約責(zé)任的構(gòu)成應(yīng)依合同解釋客觀(guān)主義,排除“主觀(guān)因素”要件,從而強(qiáng)化司法控制,更有力地均衡當(dāng)事人權(quán)益。在違約責(zé)任的分配上,亦應(yīng)注重“平等公允”的價(jià)值取向。 其三,各國(guó)的差異性,導(dǎo)致對(duì)《公約》等統(tǒng)一合同法解釋與適用的不一致。這必然要求違約解釋中堅(jiān)持國(guó)際法律規(guī)范體系內(nèi)解釋的方法,并堅(jiān)持當(dāng)事人自治原則和誠(chéng)信原則。 其四,合同義務(wù)來(lái)源的多樣化已成現(xiàn)代合同法的一個(gè)重要發(fā)展趨勢(shì),以違反約定義務(wù)、法定義務(wù)和附隨義務(wù)等為違約形態(tài)加以探討,不失為一種新的有益嘗試。而且,其救濟(jì)方法亦應(yīng)多元化,包括債權(quán)救濟(jì)、物權(quán)救濟(jì)和其他救濟(jì)。
[Abstract]:In the contract for the international sale of goods contract relationship, in addition to obtaining the expected benefits, and should bear the liability for breach of contract to determine the parties most concerned issues. But the academic lack of comparative comprehensive and systematic research on this problem, so to strengthen is very important and necessary to study deeply on the liability for breach of contract.
The first chapter is "Introduction", which lays a solid foundation for the development of the later text. It briefly introduces the origin, purpose and significance of the topic, the main scope of the study, the object of the standardization, the research methods and so on, and points out the innovation.
The second chapter "the concept of liability for breach of contract for the international sale of goods: the analysis of the definition of" contract "in the international sale of goods and the concept of" breach of responsibility ", features or basic structure. At the same time, from the Rome law, civil law, common law and conventions and other international law > < specification of the comb the theory of evolution process.
The third chapter "the criterion of liability for breach of contract for the international sale of goods": from the default behavior, damage fact, discusses the "default" connotation of causality and subjective fault, characteristics and basic structure. Also the fact premise of judging breach of legal basis, legal conflicts and sentenced to breach of the rules and methods of coordination the default judgment, is discussed.
The fourth chapter "form" breach of contract for the international sale of goods: due to the obligations of the contract for breach of obligation standard conforms to the development trend and current situation of each country in the study of contract law, breach of contract for the international sale of goods form, discusses the breach of contractual obligations, breach of statutory obligations and breach of collateral obligation and other three kinds of forms of breach of contract.
The fifth chapter is "the responsibility and relief of breach of contract in international sale of goods": starting from the theory of breach of contract liability and relief, and differentiating different defaults, it discusses the corresponding relief forms and the circumstances under which circumstances can be exempt from liability.
The sixth chapter "breach of contract for the international sale of goods and interpretation of the rules of application of law": to determine the contract for the international sale of goods contract interpretation rules, should explain the rules of the interpretation of contracts for the international sale of goods. This chapter covers the theory and practice of breach of contract interpretation difficulties, methods and basis, the general principle and applicable law of breach of contract the rules of interpretation.
The seventh chapter is the "equal" orientation of the distribution of the liability for breach of contracts in the international sale of goods, which is based on the relevant laws and regulations of the international civil and commercial law, and finds a new trend of value distribution as the responsibility of the international sale of goods.
In the part of the eighth chapter, the article points out a few points or conclusions:
First, the contract of international sale of goods should be judged by "transnational factor". This is helpful to distinguish from the pure domestic sales contract and protect the interests of the parties.
Secondly, the constitution of the liability for breach of contract in the international sale of goods should be based on the contract to explain objectivism and exclude the elements of "subjective factors", so as to strengthen the judicial control and balance the interests of the litigants more forcefully. We should also pay attention to the "equal and fair" value orientation in the allocation of the liability for breach of contract.
Thirdly, the differences between countries lead to the inconsistent interpretation and application of the uniform contract law, which inevitably requires the interpretation of the international legal norms system in the interpretation of breach of contract, and adhere to the principle of autonomy of the parties and the principle of good faith.
Fourth, the diversification of contractual obligation sources has become an important trend of modern contract law, in violation of contractual obligation, legal obligation and collateral obligation for breach of it is a new attempt. Moreover, the relief methods should also be diversified, including debt relief, relief and other relief right.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：湖南師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：D997.1;D996.1

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